The aim of this cross-sectional observational study was to investigate cytogenetic damage to the buccal mucosa in non-smokers and consumers of traditional combustible tobacco products and ...non-combustible alternatives.
A total of 160 participants were divided into four groups according to the type of product used, including non-smokers, users of conventional combustible tobacco (cigarettes), heated tobacco, and electronic, tobacco-free vapor products (e-cigarettes). Buccal mucosa samples were analyzed using the micronucleus cytome assay to assess cytotoxic and genotoxic damage.
E-cigarette users showed significantly higher values for all tested parameters in the micronucleus test compared to non-smokers (
< 0.05). Similarly, users of tobacco heating products showed an increase in all parameters (
< 0.05), with the exception of the number of cells with micronuclei. Conventional cigarette smokers showed a notable increase in the number of binucleated cells and cells with karyorrhexis and karyolysis (
≤ 0.05). When assessing the differences between users of traditional combustible tobacco products and non-combustible alternatives, these did not appear to be significant, except for e-cigarette users, who had significantly more cells with condensed chromatin (
≤ 0.001), while users of tobacco heating products had more pyknotic cells (
≤ 0.001).
The results of this study underscore the heightened occurrence of cytotoxic and genotoxic damage in users of both conventional combustible tobacco products and non-combustible alternatives compared to non-smokers, emphasizing the detrimental impact of these products on the oral mucosa.
Abstract
Objective.
The most important requirement for a material to be used in medical applications is its biocompatibility. Dental composite materials come into direct contact with oral tissues, ...especially gingival and pulpal cells. This study was performed to evaluate possible DNA damage in cells of human origin exposed to dental composites in vitro using a cytogenetic assay.
Materials and methods.
Two composite resins (Vertise Flow, Kalore) were tested on human gingival and pulp fibroblasts using the acridine orange/ethidium bromide viability staining and alkaline comet assay. Cultures were treated with polymerized composites in two different concentrations (20 mg/ml, 40 mg/ml) for 14 days. Chi-square and Kruskall-Wallis non-parametric test were used for the statistical analysis (p < 0.05).
Results.
Significant cytotoxicity was observed for 40 mg/ml of Vertise Flow in both cultures, while Kalore (40 mg/ml) showed cytotoxic effect only on human pulp fibroblasts. A significant level of DNA damage was detected for both materials and concentrations, in both cell cultures.
Conclusion.
If the two cell cultures are compared, the pulp cells were more sensitive to the cyto/genotoxic effects of dental composites. Based on the results, one can conclude that the use of tested materials may cause cellular damage in gingival and pulp fibroblasts in vitro.
Whereas dental materials came in direct or close contact with oral tissue, it is a great concern about the biocompatibility of those materials. This study was performed to evaluate possible DNA ...damage to buccal cells exposed to dental materials.
This prospective, longitudinal clinical study was conducted over a three months period. Class II restorations were placed in 60 young patients with no previous filling using one of three tested dental materials (two glass ionomers; Ketac Molar and Ionofil Molar and one compomer material; Twinky Star). DNA damage was analysed by micronucleus assays, in buccal exfoliated epithelial cells.
In patients treated with Ketac Molar, a significant frequency of micronuclei (p = 0.027) and binucleated cells in samples taken 30 days following restoration (p = 0.029) was confirmed. In patients treated with Twinky Star, a statistically significant increase in the number of binucleated cells in samples taken after 7 and 30 days following restoration (p = 0.001 and p < 0.001, respectively) was observed. In all samples collected 90 days after treatment, there was no statistical difference in the number of any cell changes.
In this study long-term biocompatibility of tested materials was confirmed. Glass ionomers and compomers are widely used materials in paediatric dentistry, and this study has proved their safety for usage in children.
The aim of this study was to compare the oral status of three various groups of students: students of the School of Dental Medicine, students of technical sciences and students of humanities.
...Research included 58 students of the University of Zagreb. They answered 3 questions: how often they brush their teeth, how often they visit their dentist and how important dental health is to them. After a standard dental check-up we calculated the DMFT index. They were given an indicator for plaque Mira-2-Ton® (Hager Werken, Duisburg, Germany) and we calculated the plaque index. For statistical analysis the ANOVA test was used.
Students of the School of Dental Medicine had a lower plaque index than other students and this was statistically significant (p=0.0018; f=7.14). They also had a lower DMFT index, but it was not statistically significant (p=0.1004; f=2.4). 83% of students said that they brushed their teeth 2-3 times a day. Only 17% of all students brush their teeth more than 3 times a day and they are all students of the School of Dental Medicine (21% of them). Perception of oral health is on a high level, but perception of oral disease is not. The social approval of the answer was also an important factor.
Students of the School of Dental Medicine are an illustrative example of improving our habits due to education.
(1) Background: Chronic spontaneous urticaria (CSU) has been linked to the dysbiosis of the gut microbiota. Furthermore, various studies have highlighted the anti-inflammatory properties of ...short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), whose production is primarily regulated by the gut microbiota. However, only a few studies have investigated the role of major SCFA producers, such as
, in skin inflammatory diseases. (2) Goal: This study aimed to compare the abundance of
between CSU patients and healthy controls (HCs). (3) Material and methods: In this case-control study, 16S rRNA sequencing was performed to compare the composition of the gut microbiome between 22 CSU patients and 23 HCs. (4) Results: Beta-diversity revealed significant clustering (
< 0.05) between the CSU patients and HCs. Alpha diversity in the CSU group was significantly decreased according to the Evenness index (
< 0.05). The linear discriminant analysis effect size (LEfSe) identified the significant depletion of the
family in CSU patients. (5) Conclusion: Our study revealed the dysbiosis of the gut microbiota in CSU patients, including decreased levels of
members, responsible for SCFA production, suggesting that SCFAs may contribute to immune dysfunction in the pathogenesis of CSU. We speculate that the modulation of SCFAs could serve as a prospective additional option in CSU treatment.
Objectives: The present study addresses the effect of fluoride and sodium lauryl sulphate content of toothpaste on oral epithelial cells in vivo conditions.
Subjects and method: Forty volunteers were ...assigned into two experimental groups, each of them applying the different brand of toothpaste. Every group has been using three different types of toothpaste (non-fluoride and non-SLS, fluoride and non-SLS, and the fluoride and SLS) of the same brand for 6 months, each for 2 months. The buccal epithelial cells were sampled at baseline and 30, 60, 90, 120, 150 and 180 days after the beginning of the research. Effect on DNA damage was analyzed by micronucleus assay
Results: After 60 days of use, for both tested kinds of toothpaste with fluoride and without SLS, all studied parameters were not significantly different from the results obtained at the time when the participants used a non-fluoride toothpaste. While, after 60 days of use, for one kind of toothpaste with SLS and fluoride, was observed significantly higher incidence of pyknotic cells (2.20 ± 0.95, 0.00 ± 0.00 vs. 0.05 ± 0.22, respectively; p = .001), cells with karyorrhexis (2.35 ± 1.14, 0.85 ± 0.93 vs. 0.40 ± 0.68, respectively; p = .001), and nuclear buds (1.35 ± 0.68, 0.45 ± 0.51 vs. 0.45 ± 0.60, respectively; p = .001), compared to toothpastes of the same brand with fluoride and without SLS, and without fluoride and without SLS, for the same period.
Conclusions: Based on the results, can be concluded that there is no fluorine-dependent cytotoxic or genotoxic effect, while SLS dentifrice increases the number of nuclear morphological changes in buccal epithelial cells.
Dental adhesives come into direct contact with oral tissues. Due to this close and long-term contact, the materials should exhibit a high degree of biocompatibility. The aim of this study was to ...evaluate the genotoxic effect of dental adhesives on human lymphocytes in vitro. Polymerized dental adhesives (Excite, Adper Single Bond 2, Prompt L-pop and OptiBond Solo Plus) were eluted in dimethyl sulfoxide for 1 hour, 24 h and 120 h (5 days). Thereafter, lymphocyte cultures were treated with different concentrations of eluates (0.2 microg/mL, 0.5 microg/mL and 5 microg/mL) obtained from each of the tested materials. Genotoxicity was evaluated by micronucleus test. The chi2-test was used on statistical analysis (p < 0.05). After elution period of 1 h, only the highest dose of all tested materials affected the measured cytogenetic parameters. After 24 h, genotoxicity was demonstrated only in cultures treated with eluates in concentrations of 0.5 microg/mL and 5 microg/mL. Based on the results, it is concluded that the use of dental adhesives causes genotoxic effects in human lymphocytes. Toxic effect of these dental adhesives increases with the tested material concentration and decreases with the length of elution period.
The aim of this study was to evaluate the retreatment duration and efficacy of eucalyptol and tea tree oil in engine driven and manual retreatment of epoxy resin based endodontic filling in extracted ...human teeth.
Sixty human single rooted teeth were randomly divided into two groups. The first group was prepared using hand files, and the second one using Reciproc system. Root canals were filled with gutta-percha points and AH Plus sealer. Retreatment was performed using K-reamers and Hedström files for the first group, and Reciproc instruments for the second group. Each group was divided into two subgroups (n=15) according to the retreatment solvent used (eucalyptol or tea tree oil). Root canals were longitudinaly split and analized with stereomicroscope (15x magnification). The surface of the remaining filling material was measured using an image processing software.
There were no statistically significant differences in the area of residual filling material among used solvents, nor in applied technique. Retreatment with Reciproc instruments was significantly faster compared to retreatment using hand files. The manual retreatment technique was faster when tea tree essential oil was used as a solvent compared to eucalyptol.
Australian tea tree oil and eucalyptus oil were equally effective in removing endodontic filling material, but none of canals were completely free of the residual filling material. Retreatment with Reciproc instruments was faster compared to retreatment using hand files. The manual retreatment technique is faster when tea tree essential oil is used as a solvent compared to eucalyptol.
Dental trauma among children is a common problem, and everyone who works with them needs to possess appropriate knowledge and skills to provide proper care at the site of the accident. The aim was to ...evaluate the knowledge of emergency management of dental trauma among students who should be capable of managing such injuries in their future career.
A cross-sectional survey regarding dental trauma emergency management was conducted on 679 students from five different studies using a questionnaire. The obtained data were analyzed by the Student t-test or one - way ANOVAusing the Tukey's post-hoc test and multiple linear regression analysis (p<0.05).
The total knowledge score regarding the emergency management of dental trauma among examined student was 4.32±2.25 (max 10). The positive association of the knowledge score was observed with the age of student (β=0.722, p≤0.001). A similar relation was observed depending on whether they received dental injuries training during their academic education (β=2.365, p≤0.001), as well as students' assessment of the importance of knowledge regarding dental trauma emergency management (β=0.433, p≤0.001).
It can be concluded that the surveyed students have limited knowledge regarding dental injuries and their emergency management procedures. The obtained data emphasized the importance of additional education of all professions that may encounter dental trauma injuries to improve the outcomes of dental trauma treatment.
ObjectivesThe aim of the study was to assess the biocompatibility of modern composite and amalgam dental fillings.Material and MethodsThe research was conducted on 150 healthy patients between the ...ages of 10 and 20 who had amalgam and composite fillings between 6 and 12 months. Under in vivo conditions, a swab of buccal cells near the fillings was taken, and the cytotoxic and genotoxic impact of composite and amalgam fillings on these cells was analyzed using the extended micronucleus test (cytomeassay).ResultsThe results showed statistically significant differences between the groups of subjects with amalgam and composite fillings and subjects without fillings for the following parameters: number of micronuclei (p=0.006), number of buds (p<0.001), number of binuclear cells (p<0.001), number of nucleoplasmic bridges (p<0.001).The number of micronuclei was statistically significantly higher in the group of subjects with amalgam and composite fillings compared to the group without fillings. The results for nuclear buds, for the number of binuclear cells and the number of nucleoplasmic bridges showed that the group with amalgam fillings had a statistically significantly higher number of these changes compared to other groups.The results of the analysis of the relationship between the parameters of the micronucleus test and the number of amalgam and composite surfaces did not show statistically significant values. Parameters indicating cell cytotoxicity were not statistically significantly elevated in subjects with fillings. The results of the analysis of the influence of the patients' lifestyle on the results of the micronucleus test showed statistically significant results for certain predictors (diagnostic X-ray radiation, coffee consumption, consumption of cooked, dried meat and baked food).ConclusionBased on the results, it can be concluded that the buccal cells of subjects with amalgam fillings showed the highest degree of genotoxic changes, followed by those with composite fillings and the least buccal cells of patients without fillings.
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