A diverse collection of 14 metal−organic frameworks (MOFs) was screened for CO2 capture from flue gas using a combined experimental and modeling approach. Adsorption measurements are reported for the ...screened MOFs at room temperature up to 1 bar. These data are used to validate a generalized strategy for molecular modeling of CO2 and other small molecules in MOFs. MOFs possessing a high density of open metal sites are found to adsorb significant amounts of CO2 even at low pressure. An excellent correlation is found between the heat of adsorption and the amount of CO2 adsorbed below 1 bar. Molecular modeling can aid in selection of adsorbents for CO2 capture from flue gas by screening a large number of MOFs.
To estimate the overall survival (OS) impact from increasing time to treatment initiation (TTI) for patients with head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC).
Using the National Cancer Data Base ...(NCDB), we examined patients who received curative therapy for the following sites: oral tongue, oropharynx, larynx, and hypopharynx. TTI was the number of days from diagnosis to initiation of curative treatment. The effect of TTI on OS was determined by using Cox regression models (MVA). Recursive partitioning analysis (RPA) identified TTI thresholds via conditional inference trees to estimate the greatest differences in OS on the basis of randomly selected training and validation sets, and repeated this 1,000 times to ensure robustness of TTI thresholds.
A total of 51,655 patients were included. On MVA, TTI of 61 to 90 days versus less than 30 days (hazard ratio HR, 1.13; 95% CI, 1.08 to 1.19) independently increased mortality risk. TTI of 67 days appeared as the optimal threshold on the training RPA, statistical significance was confirmed in the validation set (P < .001), and the 67-day TTI was the optimal threshold in 54% of repeated simulations. Overall, 96% of simulations validated two optimal TTI thresholds, with ranges of 46 to 52 days and 62 to 67 days. The median OS for TTI of 46 to 52 days or fewer versus 53 to 67 days versus greater than 67 days was 71.9 months (95% CI, 70.3 to 73.5 months) versus 61 months (95% CI, 57 to 66.1 months) versus 46.6 months (95% CI, 42.8 to 50.7 months), respectively (P < .001). In the most recent year with available data (2011), 25% of patients had TTI of greater than 46 days.
TTI independently affects survival. One in four patients experienced treatment delay. TTI of greater than 46 to 52 days introduced an increased risk of death that was most consistently detrimental beyond 60 days. Prolonged TTI is currently affecting survival.
The spread of Mysis diluviana, a small glacial relict crustacean, outside its native range has led to unintended shifts in the composition of native fish communities throughout western North America. ...As a result, biologists seek accurate methods of determining the presence of M. diluviana, especially at low densities or during the initial stages of an invasion. Environmental DNA (eDNA) provides one solution for detecting M. diluviana, but building eDNA markers that are both sensitive and species-specific is challenging when the distribution and taxonomy of closely related non-target taxa are poorly understood, published genetic data are sparse, and tissue samples are difficult to obtain. To address these issues, we developed a pair of independent eDNA markers to increase the likelihood of a positive detection of M. diluviana when present and reduce the probability of false positive detections from closely related non-target species. Because tissue samples of closely-related and possibly sympatric, non-target taxa could not be obtained, we used synthetic DNA sequences of closely related non-target species to test the specificity of eDNA markers. Both eDNA markers yielded positive detections from five waterbodies where M. diluviana was known to be present, and no detections in five others where this species was thought to be absent. Daytime samples from varying depths in one waterbody occupied by M. diluviana demonstrated that samples near the lake bottom produced 5 to more than 300 times as many eDNA copies as samples taken at other depths, but all samples tested positive regardless of depth.
Background
Human papillomavirus (HPV)‐mediated oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma is a subset of head and neck cancer with a unique mechanism of carcinogenesis. Local disease is treated ...definitively with a multimodal approach. Navigating recurrences can be challenging, as they are sometimes indiscernible from de novo primary malignancies. Identification of dynamic biomarkers that are specific to HPV‐mediated disease may assist in disease monitoring. We present a 78‐year‐old man who developed a squamous cell carcinoma in the lung 7 years after completing definitive chemoradiation for his p16+ head and neck squamous cell carcinoma.
Methods
A novel assay for plasma circulating tumor HPV DNA was employed and provided a tool for longitudinal disease monitoring during therapy.
Conclusion
We bring attention to a novel assay and highlight its potential for use in the treatment paradigm of HPV‐mediated oropharyngeal carcinoma.
Operando high-throughput evaluation of heterogeneous catalysts by laser-activated membrane introduction mass spectrometry (LAMIMS) elucidates the Pt loading dependence of methylcyclohexane ...dehydrogenation on platinized γ-alumina beads. A CO2 marking laser rapidly and sequentially heats catalyst beads positioned on a heat-dissipating carbon paper support that overlays a silicone membrane, separating the bead library reaction zone from a quadrupole mass analyzer. The toluene m/z peak varies logarithmically with Pt loading, suggesting that reactivity includes factors that are negatively correlated to Pt loading. These factors may include the Pt/γ-Al2O3 surface interfacial region as one component of a heterogeneous catalytically active surface area/mass. This work demonstrates LAMIMS as a broadly applicable high-throughput operando screening method for heterogeneous catalysts.
Summary Purpose This is a retrospective analysis of the impact of moderate dysplasia at the resection margin for early stage cancer of the oral tongue. Materials and methods Patients with T1-2N0 oral ...tongue cancer treated with surgery alone at Fox Chase Cancer Center (FCCC) from 1990 to 2010 were reviewed. Tumor and margin characteristics were abstracted from the pathology report. Overall survival (OS), disease-free survival (DFS) and local control (LC) were calculated using the Kaplan Meier method. Predictors of LC, OS and DFS were analyzed. Results 126 Patients met the inclusion criteria. Dysplasia was present at the final margin in 36% of the cases (severe: 9%, moderate: 15%, mild: 12%). Median follow-up was 52 months. 3 and 5-year actuarial LC for the entire cohort was 77% and 73%, respectively. Actuarial 5-year LC and DFS were significantly worse for patients with moderate or severe dysplasia at the margin vs. none or mild dysplasia at the margin (49% vs 82%, p = 0.005 and 49% vs 80%, p = 0.008, respectively); 3-year comparisons were not significant. When analyzed separately, the detrimental local effect of moderate dysplasia at the margin persisted ( p = 0.02) and the effect of severe dysplasia at the margin was approaching significance ( p = 0.1). Mild dysplasia at the margin did not significantly impair LC or DFS. Multivariate analysis demonstrated worse LC (HR: 2.99, p = 0.006) and DFS (HR: 2.84, p = 0.008) associated with severe or moderate dysplasia at the margin. Conclusions Both severe and moderate dysplasia at the margin appear to be correlated with inferior LC and DFS. Additional therapy may be justified, despite added morbidity.
Pulsed field gradient (PFG) NMR technique with high (up to 30
T/m) gradient amplitudes was employed to study diffusion of isooctane and isobutane in a FAU/EMT intergrowth as well as in the ...corresponding pure zeolites of the FAU and EMT types. The temperatures and diffusion times used in the measurements were sufficiently small to allow performing diffusion studies for the length scales of sorbate displacements smaller than or comparable with the sizes of the individual zeolite particles. Analysis of the PFG NMR data obtained for the FAU/EMT intergrowth and the comparison of these data with the corresponding results of the measurements of the pure FAU and EMT zeolites revealed the existence of intraparticle transport barriers in the FAU/EMT intergrowth. Partially blocked micropore openings at the interfaces between the intergrowth components of the FAU/EMT particles can be the structural origin of the observed barriers.
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