A cubic fluorite-type CeOsub.2 with mesoporous multilayered morphology was synthesized by the solvothermal method followed by calcination in air, and its oxygen storage capacity (OSC) was quantified ...by the amount of Osub.2 consumption per gram of CeOsub.2 based on hydrogen temperature programmed reduction (Hsub.2–TPR) measurements. Doping CeOsub.2 with ytterbium (Yb) and nitrogen (N) ions proved to be an effective route to improving its OSC in this work. The OSC of undoped CeOsub.2 was 0.115 mmol Osub.2/g and reached as high as 0.222 mmol Osub.2/g upon the addition of 5 mol.% Yb(NOsub.3)sub.3∙5Hsub.2O, further enhanced to 0.274 mmol Osub.2/g with the introduction of 20 mol.% triethanolamine. Both the introductions of Yb cations and N anions into the CeOsub.2 lattice were conducive to the formation of more non-stoichiometric oxygen vacancy (Vsub.O) defects and reducible–reoxidizable Cesup.n+ ions. To determine the structure performance relationships, the partial least squares method was employed to construct two linear functions for the doping level vs. lattice parameter and Vsub.O vs. OSC/Ssub.BET.
CeOsub.2 is an important rare earth (RE) oxide and has served as a typical oxygen storage material in practical applications. In the present study, the oxygen storage capacity (OSC) of CeOsub.2 was ...enhanced by doping with other rare earth ions (RE, RE = Yb, Y, Sm and La). A series of Undoped and RE–doped CeOsub.2 with different doping levels were synthesized using a solvothermal method following a subsequent calcination process, in which just Ce(NOsub.3)sub.3∙6Hsub.2O, RE(NOsub.3)sub.3∙nHsub.2O, ethylene glycol and water were used as raw materials. Surprisingly, the Undoped CeOsub.2 was proved to be a porous material with a multilayered special morphology without any additional templates in this work. The lattice parameters of CeOsub.2 were refined by the least–squares method with highly pure NaCl as the internal standard for peak position calibrations, and the solubility limits of RE ions into CeOsub.2 were determined; the amounts of reducible–reoxidizable Cesup.n+ ions were estimated by fitting the Ce 3d core–levels XPS spectra; the non–stoichiometric oxygen vacancy (Vsub.O) defects of CeOsub.2 were analyzed qualitatively and quantitatively by O 1s XPS fitting and Raman scattering; and the OSC was quantified by the amount of Hsub.2 consumption per gram of CeOsub.2 based on hydrogen temperature programmed reduction (Hsub.2–TPR) measurements. The maximum OSC of CeOsub.2 appeared at 5 mol.% Yb–, 4 mol.% Y–, 4 mol.% Sm– and 7 mol.% La–doping with the values of 0.444, 0.387, 0.352 and 0.380 mmol Hsub.2/g by an increase of 93.04, 68.26, 53.04 and 65.22%. Moreover, the dominant factor for promoting the OSC of RE–doped CeOsub.2 was analyzed.
A porous CeO
was synthesized following the addition of guanidine carbonate to a Ce
aqueous solution, the subsequent addition of hydrogen peroxide and a final hydrothermal treatment. The optimal ...experimental parameters for the synthesis of porous CeO
, including the amounts of guanidine carbonate and hydrogen peroxide and the hydrothermal conditions, were determined by taking the adsorption efficiency of acid orange 7 (AO7) dye as the evaluation. A template-free hydrothermal strategy could avoid the use of soft or hard templates and the subsequent tedious procedures of eliminating templates, which aligned with the goals of energy conservation and emission reduction. Moreover, both the guanidine carbonate and hydrogen peroxide used in this work were accessible and eco-friendly raw materials. The porous CeO
possessed rapid adsorption capacities for AO7 dye. When the initial concentration of AO7 was less than 130 mg/L, removal efficiencies greater than 90.0% were obtained, achieving a maximum value of 97.5% at AO7 = 100 mg/L and CeO
= 2.0 g/L in the first 10 min of contact. Moreover, the adsorption-desorption equilibrium between the porous CeO
adsorbent and the AO7 molecule was basically established within the first 30 min. The saturated adsorption amount of AO7 dye was 90.3 mg/g based on a Langmuir linear fitting of the experimental data. Moreover, the porous CeO
could be recycled using a NaOH aqueous solution, and the adsorption efficiency of AO7 dye still remained above 92.5% after five cycles. This study provided an alternative porous adsorbent for the purification of dye wastewater, and a template-free hydrothermal strategy was developed to enable the design of CeO
-based catalysts or catalyst carriers.
A porous CeOsub.2 was synthesized following the addition of guanidine carbonate to a Cesup.3+ aqueous solution, the subsequent addition of hydrogen peroxide and a final hydrothermal treatment. The ...optimal experimental parameters for the synthesis of porous CeOsub.2, including the amounts of guanidine carbonate and hydrogen peroxide and the hydrothermal conditions, were determined by taking the adsorption efficiency of acid orange 7 (AO7) dye as the evaluation. A template−free hydrothermal strategy could avoid the use of soft or hard templates and the subsequent tedious procedures of eliminating templates, which aligned with the goals of energy conservation and emission reduction. Moreover, both the guanidine carbonate and hydrogen peroxide used in this work were accessible and eco−friendly raw materials. The porous CeOsub.2 possessed rapid adsorption capacities for AO7 dye. When the initial concentration of AO7 was less than 130 mg/L, removal efficiencies greater than 90.0% were obtained, achieving a maximum value of 97.5% at AO7 = 100 mg/L and CeOsub.2 = 2.0 g/L in the first 10 min of contact. Moreover, the adsorption-desorption equilibrium between the porous CeOsub.2 adsorbent and the AO7 molecule was basically established within the first 30 min. The saturated adsorption amount of AO7 dye was 90.3 mg/g based on a Langmuir linear fitting of the experimental data. Moreover, the porous CeOsub.2 could be recycled using a NaOH aqueous solution, and the adsorption efficiency of AO7 dye still remained above 92.5% after five cycles. This study provided an alternative porous adsorbent for the purification of dye wastewater, and a template−free hydrothermal strategy was developed to enable the design of CeOsub.2−based catalysts or catalyst carriers.
In situ modulation of molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) structure and breaking its isotopic optical property are crucial for fabricating high‐performance multidimensional photodetectors. However, achieving ...this remains a challenge. Herein, by introducing a cavity in the channel, the strain tunable suspended MoS2 phototransistor is fabricated. By pumping the environment, a pressure difference between the environment and cavity is generated, inducing strain in the MoS2. Simulation reveals the strain can be tuned up to 0.598% by changing environment pressure. The electrical and photoelectrical properties exhibit significant tuning in response to pressure. During this experiment, the conductance of MoS2 under different pressures shows considerable differentiation between 50 and 100 kPa. As light wavelength decreases, the trend of photocurrent increasing under different pressure becomes more apparent. The differential conductance–voltage curve of different wavelengths at 10 Pa is more dispersed than that at 101 kPa. Those results demonstrate the coupling effect between light and strain. Interestingly, the symmetric photoelectrical property of MoS2 can be broken, resulting in polarization detection. At a pressure of 60 kPa, the dichroic ratio reaches 1.38, similar to intrinsic anisotropic two‐dimensional materials. This can be attributed to the breaking of symmetric structure caused by strain.
Molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) phototransistor is fabricated through introducing a cavity in the channel. Simulation shows strain in MoS2 film can be tuned up to 0.598% by varying environment pressure. Photoelectrical properties of MoS2 are studied by varying pressures, wavelengths, and polarizations. The maximum dichroic ratio reaches 1.38, which is comparable to other intrinsic anisotropic two‐dimensional materials.
In situ modulation of molybdenum disulfide (MoS
2
) structure and breaking its isotopic optical property are crucial for fabricating high‐performance multidimensional photodetectors. However, ...achieving this remains a challenge. Herein, by introducing a cavity in the channel, the strain tunable suspended MoS
2
phototransistor is fabricated. By pumping the environment, a pressure difference between the environment and cavity is generated, inducing strain in the MoS
2
. Simulation reveals the strain can be tuned up to 0.598% by changing environment pressure. The electrical and photoelectrical properties exhibit significant tuning in response to pressure. During this experiment, the conductance of MoS
2
under different pressures shows considerable differentiation between 50 and 100 kPa. As light wavelength decreases, the trend of photocurrent increasing under different pressure becomes more apparent. The differential conductance–voltage curve of different wavelengths at 10 Pa is more dispersed than that at 101 kPa. Those results demonstrate the coupling effect between light and strain. Interestingly, the symmetric photoelectrical property of MoS
2
can be broken, resulting in polarization detection. At a pressure of 60 kPa, the dichroic ratio reaches 1.38, similar to intrinsic anisotropic two‐dimensional materials. This can be attributed to the breaking of symmetric structure caused by strain.
The molten carbonate fuel cell (MCFC) continues to attract significant attention due to its high performance over a lifetime of three to five years. The wetting of fuel cell materials by the molten ...carbonate is key to the long-term performance. Therefore, the wetting behavior under MCFC operating conditions was studied by means of the sessile drop method using a digitized optical analysis system. Specifically the spreading of molten carbonate on dense and porous materials was determined, as well as the penetration into porous materials. Observations were made of the melting and spreading of a solid carbonate pellet upon controlled temperature increase, placed on top of the dense or porous substrate, under either a reducing atmosphere (80%H2+20%CO 2 humidified at 45°C), pure CO2 atmosphere, or oxidizing atmosphere (1%O2+99%N2). To provide a relatively simple base case, an extensive study of wetting of dense Ni foil was made. It was demonstrated that the water-gas shift reaction occurred at the interface of the Ni surface and molten carbonate under reducing atmosphere but not under pure CO2 and oxidizing atmospheres. The contact angle was affected by the mass of the carbonate pellet under reducing atmosphere but not under pure CO2 atmosphere. The molten carbonate spread rapidly under oxidizing atmosphere due to the surface oxidation of Ni. The wetting of porous Ni substrate was influenced by the porosity, the amount of carbonate in relation to the empty pore volume available (expressed as degree-of-filling), and the thickness of the substrate. The spreading of molten carbonate on the surface of the porous substrate, as well as penetration into the pores of the substrate was observed and the rates of these two processes were measured as accurately as possible. A linear velocity averaged over a pore was expressed in terms of the absorption rate. A simple model containing the formation of film on the pore walls and the bulk pore filling was established. The wetting of dense and porous Ni-Al alloy substrate was investigated. It revealed that the wettability of Ni-Al substrate was improved by increasing the content of Al under both pure CO2 and reducing atmospheres. The absorption rate of porous Ni-Al substrate was significantly larger than that of a porous Ni substrate of compatible porosity. The absorption rate was significantly slowed down only when the volume of molten carbonate exceeded 1.3 times the volume of empty pores inside the substrate. It was demonstrated that the mechanical strength of α-LiAlO 2 matrices is improved by heat-treating at 800°C under ambient gas atmosphere. The non-heat-treated and heat-treated samples were completely wetted by molten carbonate and exhibited the same wetting behavior. A non-heat-treated α-LiAlO 2 sample cracked during the wetting investigation, however, the heat-treated α-LiAlO 2 matrices did not crack, presumably due to their enhanced mechanical strength.
Preexisting twin boundaries (TBs) and deformation twinning have been reported to significantly improve the strength and ductility of nanocrystalline and ultrafine-grained face-centered cubic (FCC) ...metals and alloys by interaction between gliding dislocations and TBs. Here, we prepared nanocrystalline Cu-30% Zn alloy with an average size of 80nm and characterized TB-dislocation interactions by high resolution transmission electron microscopy. Our observations show that the TBs with one or multiple (111) atomic layer steps were formed either by Shockley partial dislocations slipping along TBs or by reversible reaction between unit dislocations and TBs with the help of sessile Frank partial dislocation dissociation. Moreover, dislocation accumulation at the end of twin lamellae form an asymmetric tilt grain boundary in the matrix and prevent twin propagation. Our findings provide insight into understanding TB migration and strengthening mechanisms in highly twinned FCC metals and alloys.
Abnormal expanded GGC repeats within the
gene has been confirmed as the genetic mechanism for most Asian patients with neuronal intranuclear inclusion disease (NIID). This cross-sectional ...observational study aimed to characterise the clinical features of
-related NIID in China.
Patients with
-related NIID underwent an evaluation of clinical symptoms, a neuropsychological assessment, electrophysiological examination, MRI and skin biopsy.
In the 247 patients with
-related NIID, 149 cases were sporadic, while 98 had a positive family history. The most common manifestations were paroxysmal symptoms (66.8%), autonomic dysfunction (64.0%), movement disorders (50.2%), cognitive impairment (49.4%) and muscle weakness (30.8%). Based on the initial presentation and main symptomology, NIID was divided into four subgroups: dementia dominant (n=94), movement disorder dominant (n=63), paroxysmal symptom dominant (n=61) and muscle weakness dominant (n=29). Clinical (42.7%) and subclinical (49.1%) peripheral neuropathies were common in all types. Typical diffusion-weighted imaging subcortical lace signs were more frequent in patients with dementia (93.9%) and paroxysmal symptoms types (94.9%) than in those with muscle weakness (50.0%) and movement disorders types (86.4%). GGC repeat sizes were negatively correlated with age of onset (r=-0.196, p<0.05), and in the muscle weakness-dominant type (median 155.00), the number of repeats was much higher than in the other three groups (p<0.05). In NIID pedigrees, significant genetic anticipation was observed (p<0.05) without repeat instability (p=0.454) during transmission.
NIID is not rare; however, it is usually misdiagnosed as other diseases. Our results help to extend the known clinical spectrum of
-related NIID.
Lymphocyte infiltrates have been observed in the microenvironment of oral cancer; however, little is known about whether the immune response of the lymphocyte infiltrate affects tumor biology. For a ...deeper understanding of the role of the infiltrating‐lymphocytes in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), we characterized the lymphocyte infiltrate repertoires and defined their features. Immunohistochemistry revealed considerable T and B cell infiltrates and lymphoid follicles with germinal center‐like structures within the tumor microenvironment. Flow cytometry demonstrated that populations of antigen‐experienced CD4+ and CD8+ cells were present, as well as an enrichment of regulatory T cells; and T cells expressing programmed death‐1 (PD‐1) and T cell Ig and mucin protein‐3 (Tim‐3), indicative of exhaustion, within the tumor microenvironment. Characterization of tumor‐infiltrating B cells revealed clear evidence of antigen exposure, in that the cardinal features of an antigen‐driven B cell response were present, including somatic mutation, clonal expansion, intraclonal variation and isotype switching. Collectively, our results point to an adaptive immune response occurring within the OSCC microenvironment, which may be sustained by the expression of specific antigens in the tumor.
What's new?
In many cancers, the types and ratios of T cells and B cells within a tumor correlate with prognosis. They may also affect potential immunotherapies. Some tumor‐infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) can suppress the anti‐tumor response, while others enhance it. In this study, the authors extensively analyzed TILs in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) tumors. They found evidence of a tumor‐specific immune response among both the T and B cells within these tumors. These results may help researchers develop immune‐related therapies for oral cancers.
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