Highlights • A fused CNN architecture achieving classification accuracy rate of 87.62%. • 2D CNN delivers 86.32% precision for the 3 classes of AD, Lesion, Normal. • 2D SIFT and 2D KAZE give accuracy ...rates of 85.61% and 86.31% respectively. • 3D SIFT and 3D KAZE achieve accuracy rates of 85.26% and 83.15% respectively.
Composite structures made of 2 mm-thick titanium and 10 mm-thick carbon steel are widely used in infrastructures such as long-distance gas transportation. However, cracking, which is caused by ...intermetallic compounds (ICs), is a dominate failure mode in welds of this structure. Thus, a common way to improve the in-service life of is reduce the number of ICs. In this paper, we employ a novel hybrid welding method to fabricate composite structures of TA
titanium and Q235 carbon steel. Specifically, Ti and carbon steel is welded by laser and double Cold Metal Transfer (CMT) welding, respectively. The microstructure near the interface of Ti and steel is then examined using SEM, EBSD, EDS, with emphasis on the ICs in terms of chemical elements and morphologies. Results show that FeTi and Fe
Ti are the main ICs near the interface, and responsible for the failure of the welds. The effect of welding heat input on the formation of ICs is investigated as well. Results show that ICs are smaller when the heat input is low. Under low heat input circumstance, the tensile strength of the weld can reach up to 420 MPa.
Reaction Mechanism Generator (RMG) constructs kinetic models composed of elementary chemical reaction steps using a general understanding of how molecules react. Species thermochemistry is estimated ...through Benson group additivity and reaction rate coefficients are estimated using a database of known rate rules and reaction templates. At its core, RMG relies on two fundamental data structures: graphs and trees. Graphs are used to represent chemical structures, and trees are used to represent thermodynamic and kinetic data. Models are generated using a rate-based algorithm which excludes species from the model based on reaction fluxes. RMG can generate reaction mechanisms for species involving carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, sulfur, and nitrogen. It also has capabilities for estimating transport and solvation properties, and it automatically computes pressure-dependent rate coefficients and identifies chemically-activated reaction paths. RMG is an object-oriented program written in Python, which provides a stable, robust programming architecture for developing an extensible and modular code base with a large suite of unit tests. Computationally intensive functions are cythonized for speed improvements.
Program title: RMG
Catalogue identifier: AEZW_v1_0
Program summary URL:http://cpc.cs.qub.ac.uk/summaries/AEZW_v1_0.html
Program obtainable from: CPC Program Library, Queen’s University, Belfast, N. Ireland
Licensing provisions: MIT/X11 License
No. of lines in distributed program, including test data, etc.: 958681
No. of bytes in distributed program, including test data, etc.: 9495441
Distribution format: tar.gz
Programming language: Python.
Computer: Windows, Ubuntu, and Mac OS computers with relevant compilers.
Operating system: Unix/Linux/Windows.
RAM: 1 GB minimum, 16 GB or more for larger simulations
Classification: 16.12.
External routines: RDKit, Open Babel, DASSL, DASPK, DQED, NumPy, SciPy
Nature of problem: Automatic generation of chemical kinetic mechanisms for molecules containing C, H, O, S, and N.
Solution method: Rate-based algorithm adds most important species and reactions to a model, with rate constants derived from rate rules and other parameters estimated via group additivity methods.
Additional comments: The RMG software package also includes CanTherm, a tool for computing the thermodynamic properties of chemical species and both high-pressure-limit and pressure-dependent rate coefficients for chemical reactions using results from quantum chemical calculations. CanTherm is compatible with a variety of ab initio quantum chemistry software programs, including but not limited to Gaussian, MOPAC, QChem, and MOLPRO.
Running time: From 30 s for the simplest molecules, to up to several weeks, depending on the size of the molecule and the conditions of the reaction system chosen.
Entanglement has a central role in fundamental tests of quantum mechanics as well as in the burgeoning field of quantum information processing. Particularly in the context of quantum networks and ...communication, a main challenge is the efficient generation of entanglement between stationary (spin) and propagating (photon) quantum bits. Here we report the observation of quantum entanglement between a semiconductor quantum dot spin and the colour of a propagating optical photon. The demonstration of entanglement relies on the use of fast, single-photon detection, which allows us to project the photon into a superposition of red and blue frequency components. Our results extend the previous demonstrations of single-spin/single-photon entanglement in trapped ions, neutral atoms and nitrogen-vacancy centres to the domain of artificial atoms in semiconductor nanostructures that allow for on-chip integration of electronic and photonic elements. As a result of its fast optical transitions and favourable selection rules, the scheme we implement could in principle generate nearly deterministic entangled spin-photon pairs at a rate determined ultimately by the high spontaneous emission rate. Our observation constitutes a first step towards implementation of a quantum network with nodes consisting of semiconductor spin quantum bits.
As an important topological index, the fifth geometric-arithmetic index is used to test the chemical properties of chemical compounds, nanomaterials and drugs. In this paper, by means of graph ...structure analysis and edge dividing technology, the formulate for calculating the fifth geometric-arithmetic index of bridge graph is given. Furthermore, we present the fifth geometric-arithmetic index of carbon nanocones
.
Realization of a quantum interface between stationary and flying qubits is a requirement for long-distance quantum communication and distributed quantum computation. The prospects for integrating ...many qubits on a single chip render solid-state spins promising candidates for stationary qubits. Certain solid-state systems, including quantum dots and nitrogen-vacancy centres in diamond, exhibit spin-state-dependent optical transitions, allowing for fast initialization, manipulation and measurement of the spins using laser excitation. Recent progress has brought spin photonics research in these materials into the quantum realm, allowing the demonstration of spin-photon entanglement, which in turn has enabled distant spin entanglement as well as quantum teleportation. Advances in the fabrication of photonic nanostructures hosting spin qubits suggest that chips incorporating a high-efficiency spin-photon interface in a quantum photonic network are within reach.
Prostate cancer (PCa) is considered to be a frequently diagnosed cancer in males with high mortality worldwide, but the molecular mechanism responsible for prostate tumorigenesis and progression ...remains unclear. Increasing evidence has shown that microRNAs (miRNAs) play an important role in PCa. In this review, we focus on the current advances about the role of miRNAs in regulating tumorigenesis and progression of PCa, mainly in suppressing or promoting PCa growth and metastasis, and maintaining the pluripotency of PCa stem cells (PCSC). More studies on miRNAs will provide a better understanding of their regulatory mechanisms in PCa.
The role of metformin (MET) on treatment effect of diabetic tuberculosis (TB) patients has not been studied in China. Thus, we conducted a retrospective study to investigate whether MET exhibited ...more efficacy in combination with anti-TB regimens for diabetic TB patients. All patients recruited came from five tuberculosis control and prevention institutes from July 2009 to July 2016 and completed 3 years of follow-up. We used chi-square test or Fisher’s exact test to evaluate the demographic characteristics and the frequency of clinical outcome between MET and non-MET group. A total of 58 TB patients with diabetes mellitus (DM), of these 27.6% (16/58) patients in the MET group and 72.4% (42/58) patients in the non-MET group, there was no significant difference in blood glucose level between MET and non-MET group (
P
= 0.494), in addition, there was a higher proportion of treatment success (93.8 vs. 71.4%) and culture conversions by the end of 2 months (87.5 vs. 71.4%) among MET group; the relapse rates of patients in MET and non-MET group were 6.3% (1/16) and 35.7% (15/42) through a 3-year follow-up (
P
= 0.045). Our data revealed that the use of MET as a combination drug with existing regimen improved the success rate of anti-TB treatment and reduced the relapse rate in TB patients with DM.
Laboratory experiments were carried out to investigate the potential of freezing as a combined sludge pretreatment and conditioning method, which could not only improve wastewater sludge ...dewaterability but also solubilize sludge solids. The effect of freezing temperature, freeze thaw cycles on solubilization of organic matter, release of nutrients, dewaterability and particle size distribution was examined. The treatment efficiency of the freezing technique was compared with thermal and combined thermal chemical (acidification or basification) pretreatment methods. The efficacy of the combined chemical and freezing treatment was also tested for the first time. Experimental results indicated that freezing was effective in the solublization of sludge solids. About 2- to 8-fold increase in soluble chemical oxygen demand (SCOD), 2–8 times in ammonia (NH
3–N) and 1.5–2.5 times in orthophosphate (OPO4–P) concentrations were observed after freezing treatment. Sludge samples with combined basification and freezing treatments had the higher SCOD and NH
3–N concentrations while acidifying prior to freezing did not enhance treatment efficiency. Freezing significantly improved sludge dewaterability. Freezing caused the aggregation of small particles and greatly increased the volume of large particles. Freezing has a potential as a combined sludge pretreatment and conditioning method that could provide more befits than as only a sludge conditioning technique.
►Freezing is effective in solubilizition of organic matter and releasing nutrients. ►Acidification or basification prior to freezing affected treatment efficiency. ►Freezing agglomerated small particles and greatly enhanced dewaterability. ►Freezing could be used as a combined sludge pretreatment and condition method.
•Cellulose nanocrystals were grafted with polystyrene via SI-ATRP.•The functionalization of the CNC surface favored its dispersion in the PMMA matrix.•The thermal and mechanical properties of PMMA ...were improved with reinforcement of CNC.•The transparency of nanocomposites was particularly presented.
Cellulose nanocrystal (CNC) is a promising strengthener but is used limitedly since its poor compatibility with organic materials. The graft polymerization of styrene via surface-initiated atom transfer radical polymerization (SI-ATRP) of cellulose nanocrystal is adopted to modify its thermo-stability and compatibility. The modified crystals have been dosed into polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) nanocomposites by the solution casting. The polymeric layer on the surface of CNCs should improve the thermal stability of CNCs, and provide significant dispersibility and compatibilization for the nanocomposites. Thermogravimetry analysis proved that the initial degrade temperature of CNC was increased 50°C with the modification. The scanning electronic microscope showed that the modified CNCs homogeneously dispersed in PMMA matrix. Breaking strength and elongation at break of the composites were improved, which was attributed to the reinforcement of CNCs modified with styrene. Transmittance of nanocomposite films measurement showed that the transmittance of PMMA/1%CNC was almost close to that of pure PMMA.
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