The forestry sector in Italy and throughout Europe is going through a critical period due to ongoing natural and anthropological processes, such as climate change and the abandonment of rural areas. ...These processes lead to a constant fragmentation of properties in small forest parcels, with direct impacts on management capacity. In this framework, new sustainable forest management methods are being tested and are shown to be good practices to oppose the decline of forest ecosystems. Their innovative aspects concern the introduction of a form of shared and circular economy, where management is built on the process, rather than on the product. Their technical activities are based on precision forestry systems and digitalization. The new approach takes into consideration the fact that the woods are an asset available to the whole community, in terms of benefits and protection. Forest Sharing® is an example of the application of shared forest management systems, due to which the owner user benefits from several services and opportunities, such as the advanced monitoring platform and the access to investment funds. After eighteen months of activity, the first results of the application of the new management systems can already be seen. Many aspects need further development, such as case studies concerning the enhancement due to forest certification and new recreational activities. Shared forest management systems have the potential to increase the level of knowledge and awareness of citizens about environmental and territorial issues.
"1 Further down in the thread, like a good student of race and gender theory, she expertly deploys a familiar kind of trope when she claims that she "doesn't usually like music by men, but there's ...something different about this white man's music!"2 What is jarring, and consequently funny about her social media post relates to a problem music catalogers are well aware of, and which Sanford Berman described fifty years ago.3 Our ways of referring to people, creators especially, tend to reflect the dominant Western, white, Christian, heterosexual, abled male order. Truthfully, digital humanities (DH) has as much of a diversity and discrimination problem as any other field of scholarly inquiry, but recent shifts in the field have led to an increased focus on structural power dynamics, advocacy, community engagement, recovery, and remediation. The usual caveats apply that not all relevant sources may be found in JSTOR and Google Books, particularly when purchasing access to all JSTOR collections is not within reach for many research libraries, and that both the data and the inner workings of these tools are somewhat opaque. ...many independent scholars discovered that their access to information resources was significantly curtailed while libraries were providing services exclusively to current affiliates as a way to manage workloads with limited onsite staff. Peter Shirts's position paper calling for an open access, digital music encyclopedia highlights one of many areas of weakness in the scholarly publishing ecosystem: the runaway costs of electronic resources and, for those who have access
Introduction
Conducted under the auspices of the Italian Society of Consultation Liaison Psychiatry (SIPC) the aim of this study was to describe the characteristics of Consultation Liaison Psychiatry ...(CLP) activity in Italy (SIPC-2—2018) over the past 20 years by comparing with data from the first Italian nation-wide study (SIPC-1—1998).
Methods
We collected data on CLP visits of 3,943 patients from 10 Italian hospitals over a period of 1 year. Data were compared with those from the SIPC-1 1998 study (4,183 participants). Patients were assessed with the same
ad hoc
60-item Patient Registration Form recording information from five different areas: Sociodemographic, hospitalization-related, consultation-related, interventions and outcome.
Results
Compared with participants from the previous study, SIPC-2-2018 participants were significantly older (
d
= 0.54) and hospitalized for a longer duration (
d
= 0.20). The current study detected an increase in the proportion of referrals from surgical wards and for individuals affected by onco-hematologic diseases. Depressive disorders still represented the most frequent psychiatric diagnosis, followed by adjustment and stress disorders and delirium/dementia. Also, CLP psychiatrists prescribed more often antidepressants (Φ = 0.13), antipsychotics (Φ = 0.09), mood stabilizers (Φ = 0.24), and less often benzodiazepines (Φ = 0.07).
Conclusion
CLP workload has increased considerably in the past 20 years in Italy, with changes in patient demographic and clinical characteristics. A trend toward increase in medication-based patient management was observed. These findings suggest that the psychiatric needs of patients admitted to the general hospital are more frequently addressed by referring physicians, although Italian CLP services still deserve better organization and autonomy.
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•Species distribution modeling is a powerful tool to support forest management.•SDM can be used to forecast climate change impact on forests.•A wide range of algorithms are used and ...many modeling tools were developed.•Uncertainties connected to climate change and future projections must be included.
Species Distribution Modelling (SDM) techniques were originally developed in the mid-1980s. In this century they are gaining increasing attention in the literature and in practical use as a powerful tool to support forest management strategies especially under climate change. In this review paper we consider species occurrence datasets, climatic and soil predictor variables, modelling algorithms, evaluation methods and widely used software for SDM studies. We describe several important and freely available sources for species occurrence and interpolated climatic data. We outline the use of both presence-only and presence/absence modelling algorithms including distance-based algorithms, machine learning algorithms and regression-based models. We conclude that SDM techniques provide a valuable asset for forest managers. However, it is essential to consider uncertainties behind the use of future climate change scenarios.
The dataset reports data collected in 38 square (50 x 50m) 0.25 ha plots representative of poplar plantations in Lombardy Region (Northern Italy), which were used to calibrate optical information ...derived from unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) and satellite (Sentinel-2) sensors. In each plot, the diameter at breast height was measured using a caliper; height, stem and crown volume of each tree were then derived from diameter using allometric equations developed in an independent study. Additional canopy attributes (foliage and crown cover, crown porosity, leaf area index) were derived in each plot from 12-20 optical images collected using digital cover photography (DCP). The collected data allows characterizing the assessment of structure of these plantations, along with their variation over the rotation time. Canopy and crown data also enable the evaluation of optimal rotation and tree spacing, as well as the relationship between stand and canopy structure. The raw datasets consist of 2,591 records (trees) associated with inventory measurements and 616 records (images) associated with optical canopy measurements. An R code was also provided to calculate plot-level attributes from raw data. Dataset and associated metadata are freely available at http://dx.doi.org/10.17632/ycr7w5pvkt.1.
This article provides a critical review of the past five years of literature in digital humanities pedagogy and faculty-librarian collaboration, commingled with reflections on personal practice, ...which extend findings from the literature. Faculty-librarian partnerships in DH pedagogy reflect a rapidly evolving area of engagement calling for expertise in teaching, subject knowledge, scholarly communication, digital technologies, and DH research methodologies. Although there is a rapidly expanding body of literature on these partnerships, the challenges of the work tend to be minimized. This article expands upon commonly encountered difficulties, and it points to potential solutions and best practices.
Accurate estimates of canopy cover (CC) are central for a wide range of forestry studies. As direct measurements are impractical, indirect optical methods have often been used to estimate CC from the ...complement of gap fraction measurements obtained with restricted-view sensors. In this short note we evaluated the influence of the image pixel resolution (ground sampling distance; GSD) on CC estimation in poplar plantations obtained from field (cover photography; GSD < 1 cm), unmanned aerial (UAV; GSD <10 cm) and satellite (Sentinel-2; GSD = 10 m) imagery. The trial was conducted in poplar tree plantations in Northern Italy, with varying age and canopy cover. Results indicated that the coarser resolution available from satellite data is suitable to obtain estimates of canopy cover, as compared with field measurements obtained from cover photography; therefore, S2 isrecommended for larger scale monitoring and routine assessment of canopy cover in poplar plantations. The higher resolution of UAV compared with Sentinel-2 allows finer assessment of canopy structure, which could also be used for calibrating metrics obtained from coarser-scale remote sensing products, avoiding the need of ground measurements.
We present a novel approach for the prediction of forest growing stock volume based on explanatory variables from unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) image photogrammetry without relying on the ...availability of a digital terrain model. This DTM-independent approach was developed to avoid the need for a detailed DTM, which is instead required in traditional photogrammetry to obtain relative heights above the terrain. The method, following an Area Based Approach (ABA), was tested in a boreal forest on a flat area in Norway and in a temperate mixed forest in a mountain steep terrain in Italy, on the basis of aerial images acquired with a SenseFly eBee Ag fixed-wing UAV.
The plot level predictive performance of the models based on the DTM-independent metrics were evaluated against the results based on two more traditional approaches based on: (i) metrics from UAV photogrammetric data normalized using a DTM from airborne laser scanning (ALS), and (ii) metrics from ALS data. Percent root mean square error of predictions against measured values (RMSE%) was used for quantifying the performance of the different tests.
Results revealed that the DTM-independent approach produced comparable results with both the traditional photogrammetric and ALS methods (the RMSE% ranged between 15.9% and 16.7% in Italy, and between 16.3% and 17.9% in Norway).
Our results demonstrated that UAV photogrammetry can be used effectively for predicting forest growing stock volume even when high-resolution DTMs are not available, hence increasing the potentiality of UAVs in forest monitoring and inventory.
•A new set of DTM-independent explanatory variables were developed.•DTM-independent explanatory variables were derived from UAV photogrammetry data.•The DTM-independent variables were regressed with forest growing stock volume variables.•The results obtained were compared with traditional variables: Image-DTMALS and ALS.•The accuracy of the predictions between the three set of variables was similar.
•UAV DTM-independent variables were used to model forest structural indices.•The results obtained were compared with those from models based on ALS variables.•The DTM-independent models were useful ...to create wall-to-wall maps of forest structural indices.•The maps can be used to estimate area population means using the GREG estimator.
In the EU 2020 biodiversity strategy, maintaining and enhancing forest biodiversity is essential. Forest managers and technicians should include biodiversity monitoring as support for sustainible forest management and conservation issues, through the adoption of forest biodiversity indices. The present study investigates the potential of a new type of Structure from Motion (SfM) photogrammetry derived variables for modelling forest structure indicies, which do not require the availability of a digital terrain model (DTM) such as those obtainable from Airborne Laser Scanning (ALS) surveys. The DTM-independent variables were calculated using raw 3D UAV photogrammetric data for modeling eight forest structure indices which are commonly used for forest biodiversity monitoring, namely: basal area (G); quadratic mean diameter (DBHmean); the standard deviation of Diameter at Breast Height (DBHσ); DBH Gini coefficient (Gini); the standard deviation of tree heights (Hσ); dominant tree height (Hdom); Lorey’s height (Hl); and growing stock volume (V). The study included two mixed temperate forests areas with a different type of management, with one area, left unmanaged for the past 50 years while the other being actively managed. A total of 30 field sample plots were measured in the unmanaged forest, and 50 field plots were measured in the actively managed forest. The accuracy of UAV DTM-independent predictions was compared with a benchmark approach based on traditional explanatory variables calculated from ALS data. Finally, DTM-independent variables were used to produce wall-to-wall maps of the forest structure indices in the two test areas and to estimate the mean value and its uncertainty according to a model-assisted regression estimators. DTM-independent variables led to similar predictive accuracy in terms of root mean square error compared to ALS in both study areas for the eight structure indices (DTM-independent average RMSE% = 20.5 and ALS average RMSE% = 19.8). Moreover, we found that the model-assisted estimation, with both DTM-independet and ALS, obtained lower standar errors (SE) compared to the one obtained by model-based estimation using only field plots. Relative efficiency coefficient (RE) revealed that ALS-based estimates were, on average, more efficient (average RE ALS = 3.7) than DTM-independent, (average RE DTM-independent = 3.3). However, the RE for the DTM-independent models was consistently larger than the one from the ALS models for the DBH-related variables (i.e. G, DBHmean, and DBHσ) and for V. This highlights the potential of DTM-independent variables, which not only can be used virtually on any forests (i.e., no need of a DTM), but also can produce as precise estimates as those from ALS data for key forest structural variables and substantially improve the efficiency of forest inventories.
Since 2010, the Italian Ministry of University and Research issued new evaluation protocols to select candidates for University professorships and assess the bibliometric productivity of Universities ...and Research Institutes based on bibliometric indicators, i.e. scientific paper and citation numbers and the h-index. Under this framework, the objective of this study was to quantify the bibliometric productivity of the Italian forest research community during the 2002-2012 period. We examined the following productivity parameters: (i) the bibliometric productivity under the Forestry subject category at the global level; (ii) compared the aggregated bibliometric productivity of Italian forest scientists with scientists from other countries; (iii) analyzed publication and citation temporal trends of Italian forest scientists and their international collaborations; and (iv) characterized productivity distribution among Italian forest scientists at different career levels. Results indicated the following: (i) the UK is the most efficient country based on the ratio between Gross Domestic Spending (GDS) on Research and Development (R&D) and bibliometric productivity under the Forestry subject category, followed by Italy; (ii) Italian forest scientist productivity exhibited a significant positive time trend, but was characterized by high inequality across authors; (iii) one-half of the Italian forest scientist publications were written in collaboration with foreign scientists; (iv) a strong relationship exists between bibliometric indicators calculated by WOS and SCOPUS, suggesting these two databases have the same potential to evaluate the forestry research community; and (v) self-citations did not significantly affect the rank of Italian forest scientists.
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