Cagarras Islands Archipelago, a no-take MPA in Southeast Brazil, was designated as Natural Monument (MONA Cagarras) and, more recently, recognized as Hope Spot for biodiversity conservation. This ...study aimed to assess plastic contamination by analyzing marine litter and microplastics in MONA Cagarras and surrounding waters. Marine litter (34.12 kg) was caught by artisanal fishermen in MONA Cagarras proximities, and plastics represented ∼79 %. Personal hygiene items and strains of hair were found, suggesting sewage-derived contamination from Ipanema SSO. Microplastics were detected in MONA Cagarras surface waters. Fragments and black particle were the most frequently found microplastic shape and color, respectively. μ-FTIR analysis identified, in descending order of occurrence, polystyrene-PS, polyethylene-PE, polyvinyl chloride-PVC, polypropylene-P, and polyamide-PA. Our integrated results of macro and microplastic contamination highlight an issue of effective conservation and health of marine biodiversity in MONA Cagarras and surrounding waters and a concern for better management of Brazilian MPAs.
•Marine litter (34.12 kg) was caught in proximities of Cagarras Natural Monument.•Plastics represented ∼79 % of marine litter captured in the proximities of Cagarras.•Personal hygiene items and strains of hair suggested sewage-derived contamination.•Microplastics were detected in the surface waters of Cagarras Islands.•Fragment and black particle were the most frequently found in microplastic samples.
The purpose of this multicenter retrospective study was to report the clinical and radiologic features of 92 glandular odontogenic cysts (GOCs) diagnosed over a 20-year period.
Histologically ...confirmed cases of GOC were retrospectively reviewed from 4 oral pathology laboratories in South Africa and Brazil to categorize the clinical and radiologic spectrum of GOCs.
The mean age of patients was 46 years (range 17-87) with a male-to-female ratio of 1.2:1. GOCs had a mandibular predilection (68%), with 42% of all cases located anteriorly. Additionally, 42% of cases crossed the midline. Radiologically, most lesions were unilocular (53%) and uniformly radiolucent (97%), with well-demarcated borders (93%). Cortical expansion (62%), loss of cortical integrity (71%), and maxillary sinus (67%) and nasal cavity encroachment (72%) were common findings. Significant differences in lesions between the 2 countries were discovered in sex predilection, clinical signs and symptoms, and lesion locations within the mandible and maxilla.
GOCs present with a wide spectrum of clinical and radiologic features, ranging from cysts with typical GOC-like presentations to more aggressive lesions. The need for advanced imaging in the surgical planning of GOCs exhibiting radiologic signs of aggression is justified based on the high recurrence rate.
This study was carried out to identify the spatial distribution and characterize the clinical- epidemiological profile of Visceral Leishmaniasis (VL) in Maranhao state, Brazil, from 2009 to 2020. ...This descriptive ecological study collected sociodemographic and clinical data of VL cases from the Brazilian Notifiable Diseases Information System database. A spatial autocorrelation analysis (Moran statistics) was performed. From 2009 to 2020, 5699 cases of VL were reported, with incidence of 6.5 cases/100,000 and prevalence of 7.1 cases/100,000. The temporal analysis showed a significant growth in incidence from 2009 to 2018, followed by a significant decrease between 2019 and 2020. The Moran map shows hotspots of high values in the central-west and central-east regions, and hotspots of low values in the northern region of Maranhao. The profile of patients affected by VL comprises males (OR equivalent 1.8; IC95% equivalent 1.72-1.92), aged under 14 years, brown, and with incomplete elementary schooling. The main symptoms reported were fever, fatigue, and edema. The main diagnostic method was laboratory. The mortality rate was 6.8%, and co-infection with HIV was reported by 8.5% of patients. The results of this study indicated the increase in incidence and lethality, as well as the expansion, of leishmaniasis in the state of Maranhao.
Background
This systematic review aimed to investigate the radiological features of lymphomas and leukaemias affecting the jaws.
Methods
A systematic literature review was conducted using the ...electronic databases of PubMed, Web of Science and Scopus. Articles that contained sufficient radiographic examinations (periapical, panoramic or computed tomography images) for individual cases were included. Additionally, either immunohistochemical or molecular confirmation was required prior to inclusion. Three authors evaluated and described the image quality and radiological features.
Results
From an initial 1079 articles screened, 129 cases were included, containing 88 tomographic, 76 panoramic and 26 periapical examinations. The quality of the majority of images was sufficient for evaluation. Diffuse large B‐cell lymphoma, Burkitt lymphoma, leukemic infiltration, plasmablastic lymphoma and extranodal Natural killer (NK)/T‐cell lymphoma, nasal type were the most common subtypes. Involved teeth presented with mobility in 37.2% of the cases and a provisional diagnosis of inflammatory/infectious dental disease was considered in 49.2% of cases. Computed tomography exams were available for 76% of the cases, with most presented with an osteolytic lesion with ill‐defined borders. Periosteal reactions were uncommon.
Conclusion
Lymphoma/leukaemia infiltrates of the jaw bones are usually of high‐grade subtypes and rarely present with periosteal reactions.
Chagas disease is an important disease affecting millions of patients in the New World and is caused by a protozoan transmitted by haematophagous kissing bugs. It can be treated with drugs during the ...early acute phase; however, effective therapy against the chronic form of Chagas disease has yet to be discovered and developed. We herein tested the activity of solenopsin alkaloids extracted from two species of fire ants against the protozoan parasite Trypanosoma cruzi, the aetiologic agent of Chagas disease. Although IC
determinations showed that solenopsins are more toxic to the parasite than benznidazole, the drug of choice for Chagas disease treatment, the ant alkaloids presented a lower selectivity index. As a result of exposure to the alkaloids, the parasites became swollen and rounded in shape, with hypertrophied contractile vacuoles and intense cytoplasmic vacuolization, possibly resulting in osmotic stress; no accumulation of multiple kinetoplasts and/or nuclei was detected. Overexpressing phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase-an enzyme essential for osmoregulation that is a known target of solenopsins in mammalian cells-did not prevent swelling and vacuolization, nor did it counteract the toxic effects of alkaloids on the parasites. Additional experimental results suggested that solenopsins induced a type of autophagic and programmed cell death in T. cruzi. Solenopsins also reduced the intracellular proliferation of T. cruzi amastigotes in infected macrophages in a concentration-dependent manner and demonstrated activity against Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense bloodstream forms, which is another important aetiological kinetoplastid parasite. The results suggest the potential of solenopsins as novel natural drugs against neglected parasitic diseases caused by kinetoplastids.
Dysbiosis, associated with barrier disruption and altered gut-brain communications, has been associated with multiple sclerosis (MS). In this study, we evaluated the gut microbiota in ...relapsing-remitting patients (RRMS) receiving disease-modifying therapies (DMTs) and correlated these data with diet, cytokines levels, and zonulin concentrations. Stool samples were used for 16S sequencing and real-time PCR. Serum was used for cytokine determination by flow cytometry, and zonulin quantification by ELISA. Pearson's chi-square, Mann-Whitney, and Spearman's correlation were used for statistical analyses. We detected differences in dietary habits, as well as in the gut microbiota in RRMS patients, with predominance of
and
and decreased
. Interleukin-6 concentrations were decreased in treated patients, and we detected an increased intestinal permeability in RRMS patients when compared with controls. We conclude that diet plays an important role in the composition of the gut microbiota, and intestinal dysbiosis, detected in RRMS patients could be involved in increased intestinal permeability and affect the clinical response to DTMs. The future goal is to predict therapeutic responses based on individual microbiome analyses (personalized medicine) and propose dietary interventions and the use of probiotics or other microbiota modulators as adjuvant therapy to enhance the therapeutic efficacy of DMTs.
Adenoid cystic carcinoma (ACC) is one of the most common malignant tumors of the minor salivary glands, which may uncommonly affect the ventral surface of the tongue. In this report, we describe the ...case of a 48-year-old female patient who was referred to us due to a swelling in the ventral of the tongue on the right side. The patient reported approximately 12 months growing history, and the intraoral exam revealed a normochromic painful tumor and submandibular lymphadenopathy. Her medical history was noncontributory, and no harmful habits were reported. The working diagnosis was salivary gland neoplasm, and an incisional biopsy, which revealed a gelatinous lesion yellowish in color, was performed. The histopathologic examination of the excised lesion revealed hyperchromatic cells surrounding cyst-like spaces in a cribriform pattern. Despite the unusual location, the final diagnosis was adenoid cystic carcinoma, and the patient was submitted to total excision of the lesion with surgical margins.
Actinomyces israelii in Radicular Cysts: A Molecular Study Gomes, Nathália Rodrigues, DDS; Diniz, Marina Gonçalves, BSc, PhD; Pereira, Thais dos Santos Fontes, DDS, MSc ...
Oral surgery, oral medicine, oral pathology and oral radiology,
05/2017, Volume:
123, Issue:
5
Journal Article
Peer reviewed
Abstract Objectives To investigate whether the microscopic filamentous aggregates observed in radicular cysts are associated with the molecular identification of Actinomyces israelli . Moreover, to ...verify whether this bacterium can be detected in radicular cyst specimens not presenting aggregates. Study Design Microscopic colonies suggestive of Actinomyces were found in eight out of 279 radicular cyst samples (case group). The case and control groups (n=12) (samples without filamentous colonies) were submitted to the semi-nested PCR to test the presence of A. israelii. DNA sequencing was performed to validate PCR results. Results Two and three samples of the case and control groups, respectively, did not present a functional gDNA template and were excluded from the study. A. israelii was identified in all samples of the case group and in three out of nine samples of the control group. Conclusion Although A. israelli is more commonly identified in radicular cysts presenting filamentous aggregates, it also appears to be detected in radicular cysts without this microscopic finding.
Background and Aim. Due to the high incidence of vascular diseases, it is necessary to identify new circulating or structural markers for predicting risk for chronic diseases. Some studies suggest ...that MMP1 gene polymorphisms are associated with the enzyme expression levels in situ (e.g., in atherosclerotic plaques). Objectives. Thus, the study of this polymorphism may help understanding the pathophysiology of coronary disease. Methods. We performed cross-sectional clinical and laboratory evaluations (including measurement of intima-media thickness of carotid arteries) and genotyping of the MMP1 SNP rs495366 (A/G) in 366 elderly people. Results. No significant differences between genotypes were noted for biochemical, metabolic, inflammatory, or clinical variables except for a significant difference in intima-media thickness for the left carotid artery and a trend toward significance for the right counterpart. Conclusion. Carriers of the allele associated with lower MMP1 expression (allele A) presented greater carotid thickness. We suggest that the phenomenon can be explained by impaired remodeling of the arterial wall (poor degradation of collagen fibers in this scenario), yielding carotid wall thickening and a greater intrinsic risk for cerebrovascular events.
Lymphomas and leukemias are malignant neoplasms that uncommonly affect the jaws and their radiographic manifestations may contribute to the diagnosis. Objective: To investigate the radiographic ...features of lymphomas and leukemias in the jaw bones. Study Design: systematic review in the electronic databases Pubmed, Web of Science, and Scopus using the key words "lymphoma, leukemia, mandible, maxilla, jaw, gnathic bones", between 2008 and 202. Inclusion criteria: Periapical, panoramic, or computed tomography (CT) images for individual cases and diagnosis of lymphoma/leukemia confirmed by immunohistochemistry. Three authors described the images and evaluated the quality of the radiographic exams. Results: From 1079 reports screened, 130 cases were selected containing 88 tomographic, 78 panoramic, and 26 periapical exams, most of them classified as excellent (54%). Diffuse large B-cell lymphomas NOS (DLBCL), Burkitt lymphoma, leukemic infiltration, and plasmablastic lymphoma were the more common subtypes. Involved teeth presented mobility in 36% and a provisional diagnosis of inflammatory/infectious tooth disease was considered 48% of the cases. Most cases were radiolucent and conventional CT exams were available for 76% of the cases, with hypodense aspect, ill-defined borders, and periosteal reactions were uncommon. Conclusion: Lymphomas with gnathic bone destruction are usually of high-grade subtypes and rarely present periosteal reaction.
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