Complex-valued neural networks have many advantages over their real-valued counterparts. Conventional digital electronic computing platforms are incapable of executing truly complex-valued ...representations and operations. In contrast, optical computing platforms that encode information in both phase and magnitude can execute complex arithmetic by optical interference, offering significantly enhanced computational speed and energy efficiency. However, to date, most demonstrations of optical neural networks still only utilize conventional real-valued frameworks that are designed for digital computers, forfeiting many of the advantages of optical computing such as efficient complex-valued operations. In this article, we highlight an optical neural chip (ONC) that implements truly complex-valued neural networks. We benchmark the performance of our complex-valued ONC in four settings: simple Boolean tasks, species classification of an Iris dataset, classifying nonlinear datasets (Circle and Spiral), and handwriting recognition. Strong learning capabilities (i.e., high accuracy, fast convergence and the capability to construct nonlinear decision boundaries) are achieved by our complex-valued ONC compared to its real-valued counterpart.
Large-scale, highly integrated and low-power-consuming hardware is becoming progressively more important for realizing optical neural networks (ONNs) capable of advanced optical computing. ...Traditional experimental implementations need N
units such as Mach-Zehnder interferometers (MZIs) for an input dimension N to realize typical computing operations (convolutions and matrix multiplication), resulting in limited scalability and consuming excessive power. Here, we propose the integrated diffractive optical network for implementing parallel Fourier transforms, convolution operations and application-specific optical computing using two ultracompact diffractive cells (Fourier transform operation) and only N MZIs. The footprint and energy consumption scales linearly with the input data dimension, instead of the quadratic scaling in the traditional ONN framework. A ~10-fold reduction in both footprint and energy consumption, as well as equal high accuracy with previous MZI-based ONNs was experimentally achieved for computations performed on the MNIST and Fashion-MNIST datasets. The integrated diffractive optical network (IDNN) chip demonstrates a promising avenue towards scalable and low-power-consumption optical computational chips for optical-artificial-intelligence.
Background
Postoperative complications have a great impact on the postoperative course and oncological outcomes following major cancer surgery. Among them, infective complications play an important ...role. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether postoperative infective complications influence long‐term survival after liver resection for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).
Methods
Patients who underwent resection with curative intent for HCC between July 2003 and June 2016 were identified from a multicentre database (8 institutions) and analysed retrospectively. Independent risk factors for postoperative infective complications were identified. After excluding patients who died 90 days or less after surgery, overall survival (OS) and recurrence‐free survival (RFS) were compared between patients with and without postoperative infective complications within 30 days after resection.
Results
Among 2442 patients identified, 332 (13·6 per cent) had postoperative infective complications. Age over 60 years, diabetes mellitus, obesity, cirrhosis, intraoperative blood transfusion, duration of surgery exceeding 180 min and major hepatectomy were identified as independent risk factors for postoperative infective complications. Univariable analysis revealed that median OS and RFS were poorer among patients with postoperative infective complications than among patients without (54·3 versus 86·8 months, and 22·6 versus 43·2 months, respectively; both P < 0·001). After adjustment for other prognostic factors, multivariable Cox regression analyses identified postoperative infective complications as independently associated with decreased OS (hazard ratio (HR) 1·20, 95 per cent c.i. 1·02 to 1·41; P = 0·027) and RFS (HR 1·19, 1·03 to 1·37; P = 0·021).
Conclusion
Postoperative infective complications decreased long‐term OS and RFS in patients treated with liver resection for HCC.
From a multi‐institutional database, 2442 patients who underwent resection with curative intent for hepatocellular carcinoma between 2003 and 2016 were analysed retrospectively. Among them, 332 patients (13·6 per cent) had postoperative infective complications within 30 days after surgery. Multivariable Cox regression revealed that postoperative infective complications decreased long‐term overall and recurrence‐free survival after liver resection for hepatocellular carcinoma.
Complications decrease long‐term overall survival
Liao Ping, a famous scholar for Confucian classics in modern times has made great contributions to the field of Confucian classics. In particular, he interpreted Chinese medicine with the thinking of ...Confucian Classics. He delved into
(Huang Di Nei Jing) and focused on recovering the methods of ancient diagnosis in this publication. He believed that the diagnostic measurement in
were taken "to diagnose through cubit skin" and he then created such a diagnose method as his own. He put forward the theory of "Pi Luo Tong Zhen" which means "to diagnose diseases through cubit skin and what was shown on the skin holistically" and the theoretical framework of "Wu Zhen Fa" which means "to diagnose diseases by examining the skin, flesh, tendons, bones and veins comprehensively". While some contradictions and mistakes existed in terms of constructing the theories about the 'diagnosis through skin', Liao Ping interpreted the significance of cubit skin examination in
and provided methodological enlightenment for later sch
The Dictionary of Chinese Medicine,«») is the first comprehensive dictionary of traditional Chinese medicine in China. The dictionary, edited by Xie Guan()and compiled for several years by the ...teachers and students of Shanghai Special School of Traditional Chinese Medicine, was first published by The Commercial Press in 1921. In 1919, Lu Simian() joined The Commercial Press to assist Xie Guan who is his old friend in compiling the contents on medical books for the dictionary . In the same year, Lu Simian wrote a book called
(«»). Recently, some scholars believe that Xie Guan disassembled
and compiled it into
. Through a comparative study of these two, it can be seen that
and
do use homologous materials in the interpretation of some medical books, but
as a whole is not compiled into
, and the idea of there is a plagiarism relationship between them is incorrect.
This study aimed to find evidence that progesterone receptor membrane component 1 (PGRMC1) promotes estradiol (E2) + norethisterone (NET)-induced breast cancer proliferation through activation of the ...phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K)-AKT pathway.
PGRMC1-mediated breast cancer cellular proliferation and phosphorylation of PGRMC1 were studied using wild-type (hemagglutinin HA-tagged) MCF-7 cells, which were stably transfected with expression vector containing HA (MCF-7-HA cells), PGRMC1 (MCF-7-PGRMC1 cells) and Ser181 point mutated PGRMC1 (MCF-7-PGRMC1-S181A cells). Bioinformatics, cell proliferation, western blot, isobaric tags for relative and absolute quantitation (iTRAQ)-based RNA sequencing, real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) and cell cycle in vitro assays were performed to indicate the function of PGRMC1 and its possible mechanisms in breast cancer.
NET + E2 elicited a significant proliferation in MCF-7-Vec at 10
−6
M and 10
−10
M, respectively. MCF-7-PGRMC1 did increase the phosphorylation of AKT or ERK, which can be blocked by treatment with casein kinase 2 (CK2) inhibitor quinalizarin or in MCF-7-PGRMC1-S181A cells. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis revealed that the PI3K-AKT pathway is upregulated in MCF-7-PGRMC1 cells. Importantly, upregulation of the PI3K-AKT pathway mainly through promotion of cell cycle regulation strongly promoted cell proliferation in MCF-7-PGRMC1 cells.
CK2 is involved in phosphorylation of PGRMC1 at S181. The mechanism for the action of PGRMC1 for mediating proliferative progestogen effects obviously starts with promotion cell cycle regulation, and then activation of the PI3K-AKT pathway.
•A fracture simulator is developed to simulate proppant transport during fracture propagation.•Experimental fracture conductivity of results three ultra-light weight proppants are included.•Well ...productivity is estimated based on fracture conductivity distribution.•ULWPs increase productivity over sand in 0.1μD gas reservoirs by increasing propped areas.•A mixture of ULWP and sand improves both short-term and long-term NPV over pure sand.
Horizontal wells with long propped fractures are needed to maximize productivity for ultra-low permeability shale and tight reservoirs. Conventional slickwater fracturing with sand can produce long fractures, but only the near wellbore region is propped due to fast settling of sand in water. Ultra-light weight proppants (ULWPs) can be used to reduce proppant settling. A comprehensive investigation of ULWP performance in shale reservoirs has been conducted by utilizing fracture conductivity experiments, fracture modeling and reservoir simulation. Based on experimental fracture conductivity measurements, empirical conductivity correlations are developed for the three ULWPs as a function of proppant areal concentration at reservoir confining stress and temperature. A fracturing model is used to predict the proppant concentration distributions during fracturing operations from which conductivity distribution along fractures is estimated. The conductivity distribution is then put into a reservoir simulator to predict gas production from a fractured shale well. Simulation study shows that at the same injection concentration in slickwater, all three ULWPs create more propped area and longer propped distance than sand, but the fracture conductivity is significantly lower. ULWPs have strong productivity advantages over sand in 0.1μD gas reservoir by creating more propped areas. The productivity advantage of using ULWPs decreases with increasing reservoir permeability and decreasing production time. For 1year production and 0.1μD shale reservoirs, the acceptable maximum price is $10/lb for ULW-1, $6/lb for ULW-2, and $2.5/lb for ULW-3. The maximum price increases as production time increases. By adding small amount of ULWPs into sand, both the high conductivity zone at the bottom and low conductivity zone at the upper and deeper zones can be achieved, which benefits both short and long-term production.
The flexible atomic code Gu, M F
Canadian journal of physics,
05/2008, Volume:
86, Issue:
5
Journal Article
Peer reviewed
We describe a complete software package for the computation of various atomic data such as energy levels; radiative transition; collisional excitation; ionization by electron impact, photoionization, ...autoionization; and their inverse processes radiative recombination and dielectronic capture. The atomic theoretical background and numerical techniques associated with each process are discussed in detail. Sample applications and results are presented. PACS Nos.: 31.15.-p, 32.70.Cs, 34.80.Kw, 32.80.Fb, 32.80.Dz
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