Risk stratifications for endometrial carcinoma (EC) depend on histopathology and molecular pathology. Histopathological risk stratification lacks reproducibility, neglects heterogeneity and ...contributes little to surgical procedures. Existing molecular stratification is useless in patients with specific pathological or molecular characteristics and cannot guide postoperative adjuvant radiotherapies. Chromosomal instability (CIN), the numerical and structural alterations of chromosomes resulting from ongoing errors of chromosome segregation, is an intrinsic biological mechanism for the evolution of different prognostic factors of histopathology and molecular pathology and may be applicable to the risk stratification of EC.
By analyzing CIN25 and CIN70, two reliable gene expression signatures for CIN, we found that EC with unfavorable prognostic factors of histopathology or molecular pathology had serious CIN. However, the POLE mutant, as a favorable prognostic factor, had elevated CIN signatures, and the CTNNB1 mutant, as an unfavorable prognostic factor, had decreased CIN signatures. Only if these two mutations were excluded were CIN signatures strongly prognostic for outcomes in different adjuvant radiotherapy subgroups. Integrating pathology, CIN signatures and POLE/CTNNB1 mutation stratified stageIendometrioid EC into four groups with improved risk prognostication and treatment recommendations.
We revealed the possibility of integrating histopathology and molecular pathology by CIN for risk stratification in early-stage EC. Our integrated risk model deserves further improvement and validation.
During study of the adsorption isotherms at solid–liquid interfaces, a sorbent concentration effect (
C
s
-effect) phenomenon was observed. In order to describe the
C
s
-effect, we proposed a new ...adsorption model, i.e., surface component activity (SCA) model. It supposes that the interaction between the sorbent particles exists in the real adsorption system, which induces the deviation of a real adsorption system from an ideal one. It is the deviation that induces the emerging of the
C
s
-effect. Based on the SCA model, the activity coefficient of adsorption sites should be a function of the sorbent concentration (
C
s
), and a
C
s
-dependent Freundlich equation (Freundlich-SCA equation) was derived. It was confirmed that the Freundlich-SCA equation can describe the
C
s
-effect observed in adsorption experiments. Its parameters (
n
S
and
K
S
) can be simulated with experimental adsorption data and are independent of
C
s
. Thus, these parameters obtained at given
C
s
values can be used to predict the adsorption behavior of the adsorbate at any
C
s
value.
Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome (SFTS) is a newly identified emerging infectious disease, which is caused by a novel bunyavirus (termed SFTSV) in Asia. Although mosquitoes have not been ...identified as the primary vectors, as revealed by epidemiological surveys, their role in transmitting this SFTSV as a suspicious vector has not been validated.
In this study, we conducted experimental infections of mosquitoes with SFTSV to examine the role of mosquitoes in the transmission of the virus. We did not detect viral replication in Culex pipiens pallens, Aedes aegyptis and Anopheles sinensis as revealed by qRT-PCR assay. In addition, we failed to isolate SFTSV from the Vero cells cultured with suspensions of SFTSV-infected mosquitoes.
The results of the present study demonstrate little possibility that mosquitoes act as vectors for the emerging pathogen SFTSV.
The ecological risk of tritiated wastewater into the environment has attracted much attention. Assessing the ecological risk of tritium-containing pollution is crucial by studying low-activity ...tritium exposure's environmental and biological effects on freshwater micro-environment and the enrichment potential of organically bound tritium (OBT) in microalgae and aquatic plants. The impact of tritium-contaminated wastewater on the microenvironment of freshwater systems was analyzed using microcosm experiments to simulate tritium pollution in freshwater systems. Low activity tritium pollution (10
Bq/L) induced differences in microbial abundance, with Proteobacteria, Bacteroidota, and Desulfobacterota occupying important ecological niches in the water system. Low activity tritium (10
-10
Bq/L) did not affect the growth of microalgae and aquatic plants, but OBT was significantly enriched in microalgae and two aquatic plants (Pistia stratiotes, Spirodela polyrrhiza), with the enrichment coefficients of 2.08-3.39 and 1.71-2.13, respectively. At the transcriptional level, low-activity tritium (10
Bq/L) has the risk of interfering with gene expression in aquatic plants. Four dominant cyanobacterial strains (Leptolyngbya sp., Synechococcus elongatus, Nostoc sp., and Anabaena sp.) were isolated and demonstrated good environmental adaptability to tritium pollution. Environmental factors can modify the tritium accumulation potential in cyanobacteria and microalgae, theoretically enhancing food chain transfer.
The present investigation examines the oogenesis of the gleichenioid fern, Diplopterygium glaucum (Thunb. ex Houtt.) Nakai using transmission electron microscopy. The results demonstrate that the ...oogenesis of D. glaucum is similar to the core leptosporangiate ferns. The egg cell of D. glaucum was progressively isolated from the adjacent cells by forming a separation cavity and an egg envelope during maturation. However, during this process, a pore region consistently connected the egg and the ventral canal cell. Ultimately, a fertilization pore formed at the pore region when the egg matured. The nucleus produced conspicuous evaginations during later stages of egg development. The cytological features during oogenesis in D. glaucum more closely resembled the core leptosporangiate ferns rather than the basal leptosporangiate ferns (Lygodium and Osmunda), which possess no egg envelope or fertilization pore. The results provide new characteristics for interpreting the evolutionary history of the gleichenioid ferns.
People over 60 have been found to develop less protection after two doses of inactivated COVID-19 vaccines than younger people. Heterologous immunisation could potentially induce more robust immune ...responses compared to homologous immunisation. We aimed to assess the immunogenicity and safety of a heterologous immunisation with an adenovirus type 5-vectored vaccine (Ad5-nCOV, Convidecia) among elderly who were primed with an inactivated vaccine (CoronaVac) previously.
We did a randomised, observer-blinded, non-inferiority trial in healthy adults aged 60 years and older in Lianshui County (Jiangsu, China) between August 26, 2021 and May 15, 2022. 199 eligible participants who had received two doses of CoronaVac in the past 3–6 months were randomised (1:1) to receive a third dose of Convidecia (group A, n = 99) or CoronaVac (group B, n = 100), while 100 participants primed with one dose of CoronaVac in the past 1–2 months were randomised equally to receive a second dose of Convidecia (group C, n = 50) or CoronaVac (group D, n = 50). Participants and investigators were masked to the vaccine received. Primary outcomes were the geometric mean titers (GMTs) of neutralising antibodies against live SARS-CoV-2 virus 14 days after boosting and 28-day adverse reactions. This study was registered with ClinicalTrials.govNCT04952727.
A heterologous third dose of Convidecia resulted in a 6.2-fold (GMTs: 286.4 vs 48.2), 6.3-fold (45.9 vs 7.3) and 7.5-fold (32.9 vs 4.4) increase in neutralising antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 wild-type, delta (B.1.617.2) and omicron (BA.1.1) 14 days post boosting, respectively, compared with the homologous boost. The heterologous booster with Convidecia induced significantly higher neutralsing activities, with up to 91% inhibition in binding of Spike to ACE2 for BA.4 and BA.5 variants, compared with 35% inhibition induced by three doses of CoronaVac. For participants primed with one dose of CoronaVac, a heterologous dose of Convidecia induced higher neutralising antibodies against wild-type than two doses of CoronaVac (GMTs: 70.9 vs 9.3, p < 0.0001), but not for that against variants of concern (GMTs against delta: 5.0 vs 4.0, p = 0.4876; GMTs against omicron: 4.8 vs 3.7, p = 0.4707). Adverse reactions were reported by 8 (8.1%) participants in group A and 4 (4.0%) in group B (p ＞ 0.05), and 8 (16.0%) in group C and 1 (2.0%) in group D (p = 0.031).
In elderly individuals primed with two doses of CoronaVac, the heterologous immunisation with Convidecia induced strong antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 wildtype and variants of concern, which could be an alternative regimen for enhancing protection in this vulnerable population.
National Natural Science Foundation of China, Jiangsu Provincial Key Research and Development Program, and Jiangsu Science Fund for Distinguished Young Scholars Program.
This study aims to determine whether the combined blockade of IL-1β and TNF-α can alleviate the pathological allergic inflammatory reaction in the nasal mucosa and lung tissues in allergic rhinitis ...(AR) guinea pigs. Healthy guinea pigs treated with saline were used as the healthy controls. The AR guinea pigs were randomly divided into (1) the AR model group treated with intranasal saline; (2) the 0.1% nonspecific IgY treatment group; (3) the 0.1% anti-TNF-α IgY treatment group; (4) the 0.1% anti-IL-1β IgY treatment group; (5) the 0.1% combined anti-IL-1β and TNF-α IgY treatment group; and (6) the fluticasone propionate treatment group. The inflammatory cells were evaluated using Wright’s staining. Histopathology was examined using hematoxylin-eosin staining. The results showed that the number of eosinophils was significantly decreased in the peripheral blood, nasal lavage fluid, and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid ( P < 0.05 ), and eosinophil, neutrophil, and lymphocyte infiltration and edema were significantly reduced or absent in the nasal mucosa and lung tissues ( P < 0.05 ) in the combined 0.1% anti-IL-1β- and TNF-α IgY-treated guinea pigs. The data suggest that topical blockade of IL-1β and TNF-α could reduce pathological allergic inflammation in the nasal mucosa and lung tissues in AR guinea pigs.
A sensitive liquid chromatography–mass spectrometric (LC/MS) method for the quantification of ginsenoside Rd in dog plasma was developed and validated after solid-phase extraction ...(SPE).Chromatographic separation was achieved on a reversed-phase Cromosil C
18 column with the mobile phase of acetonitrile–ammonium chloride (500
μmol/L) and step gradient elution resulted in a total run time of about 5.5
min. The analytes were detected by using an electrospray negative ionization mass spectrometry in the selected ion monitoring (SIM) mode. A good linear relationship was obtained in the concentration range studied (0.005–2.500
μg/mL) (
r
=
0.9998). Lower limit of quantification (LLOQ) was 5
ng/mL by using 500
μL plasma sample. Average recoveries ranged from 70.71 to 75.89% in plasma at the concentrations of 0.010, 0.100 and 2.500
μg/mL. Intra- and inter-day relative standard deviations were 8.49–11.71 and 5.71–16.48%, respectively. This method was successfully applied to the pharmacokinetic studies on dogs. The absolute bioavailability of Rd in dogs was 0.26%.
This paper mainly studies the formation and development of the rhizoids of Marchantia polymorpha L. using light and electron microscopy, and cytochemical methods. Marchantía polymorpha has highly ...specialized rhizoids that can be divided into two types, namely, tuberculate rhizoids and smooth-walled rhizoids. Tuberculate rhizoids individually originate from the lower superficial cells of the apical meristem. Obvious tubercles exist in the lumen of rhizoids, which always lie parallel to the thallus surface and converge toward the midrib. Smoothwalled rhizoids always exist in clusters in free portions near the midrib in the posterior of the thallus. These smooth rhizoids always grow toward moist soil and lie perpendicular to the thallus surface. Developmental observations show that the initial cell of a tuberculate rhizoid that arises from the lower epidermis possesses a dense cytoplasm. The rapid polar growth of a rhizoid produces a non-pigmented tubular cell. A growing rhizoid possesses an apical cytoplasmic mass, which contains numerous vesicles, Golgi bodies, and peripheral endoplasmic retícula. The nucleus always follows the apical cytoplasmic mass. The remainder of the cytoplasm located behind the nucleus appears to undergo a degeneration process. Simultaneously, a tuberculate wall is formed by the deposition of fibrillar materials onto the inner side of the primary wall. Histochemical investigation shows that the wall of the rhizoid is polysaccharide in nature and most likely contains callose that accounts for their fluorescence property upon staining with Aniline Blue. The base of a smooth-walled rhizoid has small tuberculated projections; however, the wall of the anterior part of the rhizoid is always smooth.
We have previously demonstrated that anti-IL-1β immunoglobulin yolk(IgY) inhibits pathological responses in allergic asthma guinea pigs induced by ovalbumin(OVA). This study aims to determine whether ...the combined blockade of IL-1β and TNF-α can more effectively inhibit allergic inflammation in allergic rhinitis(AR) guinea pigs induced by OVA. Healthy guinea pigs treated with saline were used as the healthy control. The AR guinea pigs induced by OVA were randomly divided into (1) the AR model group containing negative control animals treated with intranasal saline; (2) the 0.1% non-specific IgY treatment group treated with non-specific IgY; (3) the 0.1% anti-TNF-α IgY treatment group treated with 0.1% anti-TNF-α IgY; (4) the 0.1% anti-IL-1β IgY treatment group treated with 0.1% anti-IL-1β IgY; (5) the 0.1% combined anti-IL-1β IgY and anti-TNF-α IgY treatment group treated with 0.1% combined anti-IL-1β IgY and anti-TNF-α IgY; and (6) the fluticasone propionate treatment group treated with fluticasone propionate. Cytokines were measured using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The results showed that IL-1β, IL-5, IL-9, IL-13, IL-18, IL-22, IL-33, TNF-α, TGF-β1 and OVA-specific IgE levels in the peripheral blood (PB) and nasal lavage fluid (NLF) significantly decreased at 2h, 4h or 8h in the 0.1% combined anti-IL-1β IgY and anti-TNF-α IgY treatment group compared to the AR model group and the 0.1% non-specific IgY treatment group (P<0.05). The data suggest that blockade of IL-1β and TNF-α by intranasal instillation of combined anti-IL-1β IgY and anti-TNF-α IgY could be a potential alternative strategy for preventing and treating allergic rhinitis.
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•These data support a novel therapeutic strategy of allergic rhinitis (AR).•Blockade of IL-1β and TNF-α via intranasal instillation alleviates symptoms of AR.•Treating AR with combined anti-IL-1β and anti-TNF-α decreases inflammatory cytokines.
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