High transmit power in-band full-duplex (IBFD) systems are promising due to their tremendous advantages in both civilian and military applications. However, mitigating self-interference (SI) in such ...a high transmit power condition is significantly challenging. A two-stage analog filtering structure is proposed in this letter to tackle this problem successfully. The first stage is based on a vector modulator and a balun to cancel the direct leakage SI component. The second stage is constructed from an analog least mean square (ALMS) loop to adaptively cancel the residual SI. The performance of the second stage with nonlinear transmit signals is investigated analytically. Simulation results show that a total 75 dB of SI cancellation can be achieved by the proposed structure, ensuring the residual SI falls into the linear range of the analog-to-digital converter.
► Comparing effects of different drying ways on volatiles of ginger. ► Cluster analysis disclosed that microwave drying is the most favorite drying way. ► Drying increased contents of some volatiles ...while decreased those of others.
Fresh ginger slices were dehydrated by air drying (AD), microwave drying (MD), vacuum drying (VD), and freezing drying (FD). Volatiles were extracted from fresh ginger pulp and dried ground ginger powder with solid-phase microextraction (SPME), and identified by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS). Results indicated that, 19, 28, 21, 20, 31 and 20 novel compounds (70 in total) appeared in dried gingers treated by AD at 50, 60 and 70°C, MD at 60W, VD in 13.3kPa at 60°C and FD in 0.203kPa at chamber temperature of 22°C, respectively. Principal component analysis for the main volatiles indicated that drying increased the relative contents of benzene,1-(1,5-dimethyl-4-hexenyl)-4-methyl-, 1,3-cyclohexadiene,5-(1,5-dimethyl-4-hexenyl)-2-methyl-,S-(R*,S*)-, α-farnesene and cyclohexene,3-(1,5-dimethyl-4-hexenyl) -6-methylene-,S-(R*,S*)- while decreased those of 2,6-octadienal,3,7-dimethyl-,(Z) and 2,6-octadienal,3,7-dimethyl-. Cluster analysis disclosed that MD was the most favorite drying way, followed by AD at 60°C, VD, FD, and AD at 50 and 70°C.
Based on absolute geostrophic velocity, which was calculated using repeated hydrographic data of 39 cruises from 2000 to 2009 and nitrate concentrations measured in the same areas from 1964 to 2009, ...we obtained the temporally averaged nitrate flux (the product of velocity and nitrate concentration) and nitrate transport (integration of flux over one section) of four sections across the Kuroshio from the East China Sea (sections PN and TK) to an area south of Japan (sections ASUKA and 137E). In addition, we examined section OK east of the Ryukyu Islands in order to understand how the Ryukyu Current contributes to the transport of nutrients by the Kuroshio south of Japan. The mean nitrate flux shows a subsurface maximum core with values of 9.6, 10.6, 11.2, 10.5, and 5.7 mol m−2 s−1 at sections PN, TK, ASUKA, 137E, and OK, respectively. The depth of the subsurface maximum core changes among these five sections and is approximately 400, 500, 500, 400, and 800 m at sections PN, TK, ASUKA, 137E, and OK, respectively. The mean downstream nitrate transport is 204.8, 165.8, 879.3, 1230.4, and 338.6 kmol s−1 at sections PN, TK, ASUKA, 137E, and OK, respectively. The transport of nutrients in these sections suggests the presence of the Kuroshio nutrient stream from its upstream to downstream regions. The deep current structure of the Ryukyu Current (section OK) contributes to the same order of nitrate transport as does the Kuroshio from the East China Sea (section TK) to the area south of Japan; however, the former only has one-fifth the volume transport of the latter. A budget calculation suggests that the downstream increase of transported nitrate along the Kuroshio is mainly caused by the recirculation of nitrate into the Kuroshio. This conclusion, however, depends on water depth. In the upper layers (< 26.5σθ), the downstream change of nitrate concentration along the Kuroshio and that from the recirculation of nitrate has a significant contribution to the downstream increase of nitrate transport along the Kuroshio. In the deep layers (> 26.5σθ), the change in nitrate concentration is small and the Kuroshio recirculation dominates the downstream increase of nitrate transport.
Woody plants faced multiple abiotic stresses in forest plantation that can influence their growth and development. Dalbergia odorifera T. Chen is a vulnerably endangered tree species, and references ...about its responses to abiotic stresses are very rare in literature. Furthermore, the mechanisms underlying the abiotic stress tolerance in plants induced by exogenous glycine betaine (GB) remains unclear. Indeed, the alternative oxidase (AOX) is one of the major components of antioxidant enzymatic machinery, and there are no studies that focused on the effects of GB on the amount of AOX protein in plants under drought or cold stresses. Thus, the aim of this study was to investigate the effect of exogenous GB on the phenotype, osmoprotectants, photosynthetic pigments, and antioxidant systems in D. odorifera under cold and drought stresses. The layout of the trial was a factorial experiment in a completely randomized design using two factors including abiotic stress (drought and cold) and GB. Moreover, the principal component analysis based on the measured parameters manifested how the selected ROS scavengers were dispersed throughout the treatments. The results showed huge beneficial impacts of GB on the phenotypic traits of D. odorifera; GB also influences positively the antioxidant machinery, photosynthetic pigments, redox-homeostasis, and water status in D. odorifera seedlings under both stresses. Moreover, exogenous GB affects more the AOX pathway in D. odorifera under cold stress than under drought stress.
We report theoretical and experimental evidence that EuCd2As2 in magnetic fields greater than 1.6 T applied along the c axis is a Weyl semimetal with a single pair of Weyl nodes. Ab initio electronic ...structure calculations, verified at zero field by angle-resolved photoemission spectra, predict Weyl nodes with wave vectors k=(0,0,±0.03)×2π/c at the Fermi level when the Eu spins are fully aligned along the c axis. Shubnikov–de Haas oscillations measured in fields parallel to c reveal a cyclotron effective mass of mc*=0.08me and a Fermi surface of extremal area Aext=0.24nm−2, corresponding to 0.1% of the area of the Brillouin zone. The small values of mc* and Aext are consistent with quasiparticles near a Weyl node. The identification of EuCd2As2 as a model Weyl semimetal opens the door to fundamental tests of Weyl physics.
This experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of different corn particle sizes on growth performance, gastrointestinal development, carcass processing yields and intestinal microbiota of ...caged broilers. One-day-old Ross 308 broilers were randomly divided into 8 treatments with 10 replicates per treatment and 30 birds per replicate pen. The experiment lasted 37 d. Feed and water were provided ad libitum. The results showed as follows: birds fed diets with the FG corn between d 1 and 13 and CG corn between d14 to 37 had increased body weight, daily gain, and feed intake (P < 0.05). Birds fed diets with CG corn between d 24 to 37 had a heavier relative weight of gizzard at d 38 (P < 0.05). Birds fed diets with FG corn from d 1 to 13 and the CG corn from d 14 to 37 had a higher carcass yield and a relative thigh weight at d 38 (P < 0.05). The intestinal microbiota was significantly affected by different corn particle sizes. The relative abundance of Lactobacillaceae was significantly decreased, whereas that of Peptostreptococcaceae was increased (P < 0.05) in birds fed with the CG corn between d1 to 37. The relative abundance of Acinetobacter was significantly increased in birds fed the FG corn between d1 to 37 (P < 0.05). In conclusion, the use of FG corn in the starter phase and CG corn in the grower and finisher phases was beneficial to growth performance, gastrointestinal development and intestinal microbial structure of broilers reared in cages.
This experiment evaluated the standard ileal digestibility (SID) of amino acids (AA) in 8 different sources of wheat fed to broilers and established prediction equations based on the chemical ...properties of wheat. A total of five hundred forty 1-day-old broilers were tested in 2 stages (from d 10 to 13 and from d 25 to 28). On d 13, 324 broilers were randomly assigned to 9 diets (6 replicate cages, 6 broilers per cage); on d 28, 216 broilers were randomly assigned to 9 diets (6 replicate cages, 4 broilers per cage). The 9 experimental diets included 8 test diets and 1 nitrogen-free diet. Titanium dioxide was added as an exogenous indicator at 0.5% of the diet. In 8 wheat samples, the mean values of total amino acids (TAA), dispensable amino acids (DAA), and indispensable amino acids (IAA) were 12.16% (CV 13.70%), 7.97% (CV 15.49%), and 4.20% (CV 11.47%). On d 13, the lowest SID of AA was Lys (86.71%), and the highest was Pro (97.98%). On d 28, the lowest SID of AA was His (81.31%), and the highest was Pro (96.83%). There was an effect of wheat source on the SID of AA except for Trp (P < 0.05); the broiler age had an effect on the SID of AA except for Tyr (P < 0.05); the SID of most AA were higher at d 13 compared to d 28. At d 13, the SID of AA was correlated with CP, NDF, and ST (P < 0.05). At d 28, the SID of AA was correlated with EE, Ash, ADF, and NDF (P < 0.05). The R2 value of stepwise regression equations to predict the SID of AA at d 13 was highest for Leu (R2 = 0.972), lowest for Asp (R2 = 0.785); at d 28 was highest for Gly (R2 = 0.995), lowest for His (R2 = 0.678). In conclusion, this experiment showed that the chemical properties of wheat can be used to establish accurate equations for predicting the SID of AA. This made it more efficient to obtain the SID of AA for wheat.
A magnetic flux rope (MFR) is a coherent and helical magnetic field structure that has recently been found likely to appear as an elongated hot channel prior to a solar eruption. In this Letter, we ...investigate the relationship between the hot channel and the associated prominence through analysis of a limb event on 2011 September 12. In the early rise phase, the hot channel was initially cospatial with the prominence. It then quickly expanded, resulting in a separation of the top of the hot channel from that of the prominence. Meanwhile, they both experienced an instantaneous morphology transformation from a Lambda shape to a reversed-Y shape and the top of these two structures showed an exponential increase in height. These features are a good indication of the occurrence of kink instability. Moreover, the onset of kink instability is found to coincide in time with the impulsive enhancement of flare emission underneath the hot channel, suggesting that ideal kink instability likely also plays an important role in triggering fast flare reconnection besides initiating the impulsive acceleration of the hot channel and distorting its morphology. We conclude that the hot channel is most likely the MFR system and the prominence only corresponds to the cool materials that are collected in the bottom of the helical field lines of the MFR against gravity.
•Behavior of FRP-to-concrete interface degraded after salt solution wet-dry cycles.•Debonding load was derived based on the degradation of FRP-to-concrete interface.•Stiffness of FRP-to-concrete ...interface degraded obviously.•Durability of BFRP-to-concrete interface was weaker than that of CFRP.
The strengthening of concrete structures with externally bonded fiber reinforced polymer (FRP) was increasingly being used in marine exposure environments. Marine environment exposure may significantly affect the bonding behavior of FRP externally bonded to concrete. This paper is intended for studying the effect of tidal-like condition such as salt solution wet-dry cycling on the behavior of FRP-concrete interface. Exposure tests and analytical approach are carried out on specimens externally bonded with carbon fiber reinforce polymer (CFRP) and basalt fiber-reinforce polymer (BFRP). Test variable include the types of fiber and the environmental exposure periods (0, 90, 180, 270, 360 cycles). From the bending test results, the bilinear bond stress-slip relationships for different exposure periods are derived. Based on these bond stress-slip relationships, the full-range behavior of shear stress along the bond length and debonding load can be obtained through the analytical solution. The test and numerical results show that salt solution wet-dry cycling can greatly affect the bond behavior of CFRP-concrete and BFRP-concrete interface with the increase of exposure periods. With the increase of exposure periods, the position of maximum shear stress tend to move backward, which indicates the behavior of FRP-concrete interface is weakened due to the salt solution wet-dry cycling. Compared with CFRP-concrete interface, salt solution wet-dry cycling exposure has greater influence on the bond behavior of the BFRP-concrete interface.
To examine the prognostic value of global peak diastolic strain rate (PDSR) derived from cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) tissue tracking (CMR-TT) in predicting adverse outcomes in hypertrophic ...cardiomyopathy (HCM) patients.
A total of 98 patients diagnosed with HCM (44 patients had left ventricle LV outflow tract obstruction LVOTO and 54 patients did not) were enrolled and followed for the specified endpoint. LV global myocardial mechanics was assessed in all participants using CMR-TT at study entry.
Compared with the non-obstructive subgroup, the obstructive subgroup demonstrated deteriorated magnitude of LV global radial, circumferential, and longitudinal PDSR (all p<0.05). After a mean follow-up period of 4.5 years, 24 patients reached an endpoint before the end of the study. Furthermore, when using the specified cut-off value (0.33 1/s) of longitudinal PDSR, the Kaplan–Meier curve demonstrated that patients with lower longitudinal PDSR had a significantly lower freedom from major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) compared with their counterparts in the non-obstructive, obstructive, and overall cohorts (all log-rank p<0.05). Multivariable analysis showed that longitudinal PDSR remained the strongest predictor of outcome after adjusting for baseline and CMR variables (hazard ratio, 2.65; 95% confidence interval, 2.21–11.44; p<0.05).
CMR-TT-derived longitudinal PDSR is probably considered a novel and easy-to-perform marker for predicting adverse outcomes in HCM patients, which is beneficial to risk stratification. Further confirmatory studies are needed.
•LVOTO has an adverse impact on the progression of diastolic dysfunction.•Decreased LV global PDSR is related to lower freedom from MACE.•The LV global PDSR serves as the strong predictor of adverse outcomes.
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