This study was designed to examine select psychometric properties of the Coach Identity Prominence Scale (CIPS), including the reliability, factorial validity, convergent validity, discriminant ...validity, and predictive validity. Coaches (N = 338) who averaged 37 (SD = 12.27) years of age, had a mean of 13 (SD = 9.90) years of coaching experience, and were currently coaching 46 different sports, served as the participants in this study. Participants completed a questionnaire that included four sections: Demographics, identity prominence (CIPS; Pope & Hall, 2014), motivation (Coach Motivation Questionnaire CMQ; McLean, Mallet, & Newcombe, 2012), and passion (The Passion Scale; Vallerand et al., 2003). The findings provided support for the various types of reliability and validity tested in the present study, with only partial support for discriminant validity. The CIPS may therefore serve as a viable option for researchers interested in further understanding the identity or psychological processes of coach.
Objectives. This study investigated whether women experience self-presentational concerns related to rehabilitation settings and explored preferences for characteristics of the social and physical ...treatment environment in relation to women’s Social Physique Anxiety (SPA). Methods. Two cross-sectional studies were conducted. In Study 1, female undergraduate students (n=134) completed four questionnaires (Social Physique Anxiety Scale; three bespoke questionnaires assessing self-presentation in rehabilitation and social and physical environment preferences) with respect to hypothetical rehabilitation scenarios. Study 2 recruited injured women who were referred for physiotherapy (n=62) to complete the same questionnaires regarding genuine rehabilitation scenarios. Results. Women with high SPA showed less preference for physique salient clothing than women with low SPA in both hypothetical (p=0.001) and genuine settings (p=0.01). In Study 2, women with high SPA also preferred that others in the clinic were female (p=0.01) and reported significantly greater preference for private treatment spaces (p=0.05). Conclusions. Self-presentational concerns exist in rehabilitation as in exercise settings. Results indicated inverse relationships between women’s SPA and preference for the presence of men, physique-enhancing clothing, and open-concept treatment settings. Future studies to determine the effect of self-presentational concerns on treatment adherence are needed.
We report on the pathological evaluation of renal tumors after intraoperative radio frequency ablation performed immediately before surgical nephrectomy.
Ten patients with renal tumors were enrolled ...in a prospective, Institutional Review Board approved phase II trial of radio frequency ablation. Following surgical exposure of the kidney a single 12-minute radio frequency ablation of the tumor was performed using the Radionics Cool-tip RF Radio Frequency Ablation System (Radionics, Burlington, Massachusetts). The tumor was then excised via radical or partial nephrectomy. Gross and histological evaluations of the tumor were performed, including evaluation with nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide vital staining.
All 10 tumors were confirmed histologically to be renal cell carcinoma. Mean tumor size was 3.2 cm. (range 1.4 to 8.0). Of the 10 tumors 8 were completely ablated with a mean treatment margin of 6.75 mm. (range 2 to 13). Of the 2 tumors that were incompletely treated 1 never attained a temperature sufficient for tissue destruction and the other measured 8 cm., far exceeding the expected ablation volume of treatment protocol.
This study represents the initial report of the histological outcome of saline cooled radio frequency ablation of renal tumors. Our data indicate that it can completely destroy renal cancers while transmitting minimal collateral damage to surrounding renal parenchyma. Further investigation is required to determine long-term oncological outcome.
Mental imagery can improve motor performance in stroke populations when combined with physical therapy. Valid and reliable instruments to evaluate the imagery ability of stroke survivors are needed ...to maximize the benefits of mental imagery therapy. The purposes of this study were to: examine and compare the test-retest intra-rate reliability of the Movement Imagery Questionnaire-Revised, Second Edition (MIQ-RS) in stroke survivors and able-bodied controls, examine internal consistency of the visual and kinesthetic items of the MIQ-RS, determine if the MIQ-RS includes both the visual and kinesthetic dimensions of mental imagery, correlate impairment and motor imagery scores, and investigate the criterion validity of the MIQ-RS in stroke survivors by comparing the results to the KVIQ-10. Test-retest analysis indicated good levels of reliability (ICC range: .83–.99) and internal consistency (Cronbach α: .95–.98) of the visual and kinesthetic subscales in both groups. The two-factor structure of the MIQ-RS was supported by factor analysis, with the visual and kinesthetic components accounting for 88.6% and 83.4% of the total variance in the able-bodied and stroke groups, respectively. The MIQ-RS is a valid and reliable instrument in the stroke population examined and able-bodied populations and therefore useful as an outcome measure for motor imagery ability.
This study was designed to explore the coach identity through the meanings and prominence ascribed to the coaching role from a role identity theory perspective (McCall & Simmons,
1978
). Participants ...(n = 8), ranging in age from 22 to 61 years old, reported coaching on average about 19 years and primarily coached university- to national-level athletes. Results from the semistructured interview with the participants yielded a thematic tree that consisted of two higher-order themes (coach meanings and coach identity prominence). Coach meaning was refined into three categories: coaching behavioral expectations, coaching characteristics, and ultimate coaching purposes. Coach identity prominence was composed of two categories: coaching centrality/importance and coaching emotions. There were 21 lower-order themes that were associated with these categories. Results from this study provided initial support for the conceptualizations put forth by role identity theorists, and offered initial insight for (a) the development of identity-based coaching scales, and (b) examination of the coach identity nomological network.
We examined the influence of perfectionism on exercise dependence using the 2 × 2 model of perfectionism. This model posits that interactions between different forms of perfectionism; self-oriented ...(SOP) and socially prescribed perfectionism (SPP) conduce to different outcomes. Three hundred and seventy-six college students completed an online survey measuring exercise behavior, dependence and perfectionism. When accounting for participant gender, we failed to find significant interactions between subtypes of perfectionism and exercise dependence. In contrast to our hypotheses and the tenets of the model, the highest levels of exercise dependence were mostly associated with high levels of SOP, as well as high levels of both SOP and SPP. This study adds to previous work that has questioned the tenets of the model as they apply to exercise. However, our results still highlight the importance of examining within-person combinations of perfectionism.
•Individual differences in personality account for problematic exercise behaviors.•Different combinations of perfectionism predict exercise dependence.•Understanding the role of perfectionism is useful for health care providers.
The aim of this study was to examine mental imagery within the context of the deliberate practice framework. Altogether, 159 athletes from one of three different competitive standards (recreational, ...provincial and national) completed the Deliberate Imagery Practice Questionnaire, which was designed for the present study to assess the athletes' perceptions of the importance of imagery along the three deliberate practice dimensions of relevancy, concentration and enjoyment. The results indicated that national athletes perceived imagery to be more relevant to performing than recreational athletes. In addition, athletes of a higher standard (i.e. provincial and national) reported using more imagery in a recent typical week and they had accumulated significantly more hours of imagery practice across their athletic career than recreational athletes. Finally, the relationships among the dimensions of deliberate practice did not lend conclusive support to either the original conception of deliberate practice or a sports-specific framework of deliberate practice.
The current study examined athletes' reported intentional use of slow-motion, real-time, and fast-motion images. Athletes (N = 604; 298 males and 306 females; M
age
= 21.73 years, SD = 4.54) ...completed the Image Speed Questionnaire, an instrument created to assess the frequency with which athletes reported employing the three image speeds. Despite the applied sport psychology guideline of imaging only at real time speed, athletes reported employing all three image speeds to varying degrees depending on the function of imagery being employed and the stage of learning of the athlete. Gender and competitive level were found not to influence athletes' reported voluntary image speed use. Athletes reported employing slow-motion images most often when learning or developing a skill or strategy. Real-time images were consistently used most often by athletes regardless of imagery function or stage of learning, and fast-motion images were used most often when imaging skills or strategies that had been mastered. Findings are discussed within the context of the stages of learning (
Fitts & Posner, 1967
) and the PETTLEP (Physical; Environmental; Task; Timing; Learning; Emotional, and Perspective) approach to motor imagery (
Holmes & Collins, 2001
). Implications for imagery practitioners and future directions for image speed research are also offered.
The authors investigated return-to-play duration for initial and recurrent concussion in the same season in 2 teams of junior (16-21-year-old) ice hockey players during a regular season.
The authors ...conducted a prospective cohort study during 1 junior regular season (2009-2010) of 67 male fourth-tier ice hockey players (mean age 18.2 ± 1.2 years SD, range 16-21 years) from 2 teams. Prior to the start of the season, every player underwent baseline assessments that were determined using the Sideline Concussion Assessment Tool 2 (SCAT2) and the Immediate Post-Concussion Assessment and Cognitive Test (ImPACT). The study protocol also required players who entered the study during the season to complete a baseline SCAT2 and ImPACT. If the protocol was not followed, the postinjury test results of a player without true baseline test results were compared with previously established age- and sex-matched group normative levels. Each game was directly observed by a physician and at least 1 neutral nonphysician observer. Players suspected of suffering a concussion were evaluated by the physician during the game. If a concussion was diagnosed, the player underwent clinical evaluation at the physician's office within 24 hours. The return-to-play decision was based on clinical evaluation guided by the Zurich return-to-play protocol (contained in the consensus statement of international expert opinion at the 3rd International Conference on Concussion in Sport held in Zurich, November 2008). This clinical evaluation and return-to-play protocol was augmented by the 2 tests (SCAT2 and ImPACT) also recommended by the Zurich consensus statement, for which baseline values had been obtained.
Seventeen players sustained a physician-observed or self-reported, physician-diagnosed concussion during a physician-observed ice hockey game. The mean clinical return-to-play duration (in 15 cases) was 12.8 ± 7.02 days (median 10 days, range 7-29 days); the mean number of physician office visits by players who suffered a concussion (15 cases) was 2.1 ± 1.29 (median 1.5 visits). Five of the 17 players who sustained a concussion also suffered a recurrent or second concussion. One of the 5 individuals who suffered a repeat concussion sustained his initial concussion in a regular season game that was not observed by a physician, and as a result this single case was not included in the total of 21 concussions. This initial concussion of the player was identified during baseline testing 2 days after the injury and was subsequently medically diagnosed and treated. The mean interval between the first and second concussions in these 5 players was 78.6 ± 39.8 days (median 82 days), and the mean time between the return-to-play date of the first and second concussions was 61.8 ± 39.7 days (median 60 days).
The mean rates of return to play for single and recurrent concussions were higher than rates cited in recent studies involving sport concussions. The time interval between the first and second concussions was also greater than previously cited. This difference may be the result of the methodology of direct independent physician observation, diagnosis, and adherence to the Zurich return-to-play protocol.
Self-presentational concerns, shown to influence exercise-related cognitions and behaviours, are evaluated frequently in the absence of exercise or following a single bout of physical activity. The ...purpose of the present study was to examine longitudinally, the extent to which participating in a structured 12-week cardiovascular exercise intervention elicited changes in self-presentational efficacy expectancy (SPEE) and social physique anxiety (SPA). Participants were 80 sedentary women with overweight or obesity (mean body mass index 29.02 kg/m(2), SD=4.71) between the ages of 19 and 45 wanting to begin an exercise programme (mean age 33.4 years, SD=7.6). The Self-Presentational Efficacy Scale (SPES) and the Social Physique Anxiety Scale (SPAS) were completed by each participant prior to commencing the study, and at the 6- and 12-week time points. For those who completed the programme, repeated measures ANOVAs indicated significant increases in SPEE between baseline and week 6 (P<0.001, η(2)=0.37), and week 6 to 12 (P<0.05, η(2)=0.10), while SPA decreased significantly between baseline and week 6 (P<0.01, η(2)=0.16). Bivariate correlation analyses revealed that length of participation in the study was positively related to SPEE and negatively related to SPA. Implications of focusing on these variables within a physical activity intervention are discussed with respect to exercise behaviour, programme development and adherence.
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