We present the Data Release 12 Quasar catalog (DR12Q) from the Baryon Oscillation Spectroscopic Survey (BOSS) of the Sloan Digital Sky Survey III. This catalog includes all SDSS-III /BOSS objects ...that were spectroscopically targeted as quasar candidates during the full survey and that are confirmed as quasars via visual inspection of the spectra, have luminosities Miz = 2 < -20.5 (in a Lambda CDM cosmology with H-0 = 70 km s (1) Mpc (1), Omega(M) = 0 : 3, and Omega(A) = 0.7), and either display at least one emission line with a full width at half maximum (FWHM) larger than 500 km s (1) or, if not, have interesting /complex absorption features. The catalog also includes previously known quasars (mostly from SDSS-I and II) that were reobserved by BOSS. The catalog contains 297 301 quasars (272 026 are new discoveries since the beginning of SDSSIII) detected over 9376 deg(2) with robust identification and redshift measured by a combination of principal component eigenspectra. The number of quasars with z > 2.15 (184 101, of which 167 742 are new discoveries) is about an order of magnitude greater than the number of z > 2 : 15 quasars known prior to BOSS. Redshifts and FWHMs are provided for the strongest emission lines (C iv, C III, Mg II). The catalog identifies 29 580 broad absorption line quasars and lists their characteristics. For each object, the catalog presents five-band (u, g, r, i, z) CCD-based photometry with typical accuracy of 0.03 mag together with some information on the optical morphology and the selection criteria. When available, the catalog also provides information on the optical variability of quasars using SDSS and Palomar Transient Factory multi-epoch photometry. The catalog also contains X-ray, ultraviolet, near-infrared, and radio emission properties of the quasars, when available, from other large-area surveys. The calibrated digital spectra, covering the wavelength region 3600-10 500 a at a spectral resolution in the range 1300 < R < 2500, can be retrieved from the SDSS Catalog Archive Server. We also provide a supplemental list of an additional 4841 quasars that have been identified serendipitously outside of the superset defined to derive the main quasar catalog.
In Part I of this series we described three algorithms that construct canonical tree-decompositions of graphs which distinguish all their k-blocks and tangles of order k. We now establish bounds on ...the number of parts in these decompositions that contain no such block or tangle, and determine conditions under which such parts contain nothing but a k-block.
We construct tree-decompositions of graphs that distinguish all their k-blocks and tangles of order k, for any fixed integer k. We describe a family of algorithms to construct such decompositions, ...seeking to maximize their diversity subject to the requirement that they commute with graph isomorphisms. In particular, all the decompositions constructed are invariant under the automorphisms of the graph.
In membrane reactors, a reaction mixture or a part of it passes through a membrane. The membrane can selectively separate a mixture of different compositions. The membrane can be catalytically active ...or can preferentally adsorb or desorb single components. A model was developed in order to describe a cylindrical membrane reactor.
SIDMA 28 (2014), 1876-1891 A $k$-block in a graph $G$ is a maximal set of at least $k$ vertices no two
of which can be separated in $G$ by fewer than $k$ other vertices. The block
number $\beta(G)$ ...of $G$ is the largest integer $k$ such that $G$ has a
$k$-block.
We investigate how $\beta$ interacts with density invariants of graphs, such
as their minimum or average degree. We further present algorithms that decide
whether a graph has a $k$-block, or which find all its $k$-blocks.
The connectivity invariant $\beta(G)$ has a dual width invariant, the
block-width ${\rm bw}(G)$ of $G$. Our algorithms imply the duality theorem
$\beta = {\rm bw}$: a graph has a block-decomposition of width and adhesion $<
k$ if and only if it contains no $k$-block.
A \(k\)-block in a graph \(G\) is a maximal set of at least \(k\) vertices no two of which can be separated in \(G\) by fewer than \(k\) other vertices. The block number \(\beta(G)\) of \(G\) is the ...largest integer \(k\) such that \(G\) has a \(k\)-block. We investigate how \(\beta\) interacts with density invariants of graphs, such as their minimum or average degree. We further present algorithms that decide whether a graph has a \(k\)-block, or which find all its \(k\)-blocks. The connectivity invariant \(\beta(G)\) has a dual width invariant, the block-width \({\rm bw}(G)\) of \(G\). Our algorithms imply the duality theorem \(\beta = {\rm bw}\): a graph has a block-decomposition of width and adhesion \(< k\) if and only if it contains no \(k\)-block.
Objective
To generate doxycycline‐inducible human tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα)–transgenic mice to overcome a major disadvantage of existing transgenic mice with constitutive expression of TNFα, ...which is the limitation in crossing them with various knockout or transgenic mice.
Methods
A transgenic mouse line that expresses the human TNFα cytokine exclusively after doxycycline administration was generated and analyzed for the onset of diseases.
Results
Doxycycline‐inducible human TNFα–transgenic mice developed an inflammatory arthritis– and psoriasis‐like phenotype, with fore and hind paws being prominently affected. The formation of “sausage digits” with characteristic involvement of the distal interphalangeal joints and nail malformation was observed. Synovial hyperplasia, enthesitis, cartilage and bone alterations, formation of pannus tissue, and inflammation of the skin epidermis and nail matrix appeared as early as 1 week after the treatment of mice with doxycycline and became aggravated over time. The abrogation of human TNFα expression by the removal of doxycycline 6 weeks after beginning stimulation resulted in fast resolution of the most advanced macroscopic and histologic disorders, and 3–6 weeks later, only minimal signs of disease were visible.
Conclusion
Upon doxycycline administration, the doxycycline‐inducible human TNFα–transgenic mouse displays the major features of inflammatory arthritis. It represents a unique animal model for studying the molecular mechanisms of arthritis, especially the early phases of disease genesis and tissue remodeling steps upon abrogation of TNFα expression. Furthermore, unlimited crossing of doxycycline‐inducible human TNFα–transgenic mice with various knockout or transgenic mice opens new possibilities for unraveling the role of various signaling molecules acting in concert with TNFα.
Understanding network losses is important regarding energy efficiency and grid regulation. A method was developed to determine grid losses for each voltage level of a distribution grid and to ...investigate the influence of distributed generation and reactive power. The losses in an actual distribution grid in northern Germany with a high share of PV and wind energy are calculated. (4 pages)
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