Abstract
Talented di-phase ferrite/ferroelectric BaTi
0
.
7
Fe
0
.
3
O
3
@NiFe
2
O
4
(BFT@NFO) in oval nano-morphology was chemically synthesized using controlled sol–gel processes and calcined at ...600 °C. The effects of shielding using NiFe
2
O
4
(NFO) nanoparticles on the microstructure, phase transition, thermal, and relative permittivity of BaTi
0
.
7
Fe
0
.
3
O
3
(BTF) nano-perovskite were systematically explored. X-ray diffraction patterns and Full-Prof software exhibited the forming of the BaTi
2
Fe
4
O
11
hexagonal phase. TEM and SEM images demonstrated that the coating of BaTi0.
7
Fe
0
.
3
O
3
has been successfully controlled with exquisite nano-oval NiFe
2
O
4
shapes. The NFO shielding can significantly promote the thermal stability and the relative permittivity of BFT@NFO pero-magnetic nanocomposites and lowers the Curie temperature. Thermogravimetric and optical analysis were used to test the thermal stability and estimate the effective optical parameters. Magnetic studies showed a decrease in saturation magnetization of NiFe
2
O
4
NPs compared to their bulk system, which is attributed to surface spin disorder. Herein, characterization and the sensitive electrochemical sensor were constructed for the evaluation of peroxide oxidation detection using the chemically adjusted nano-ovals barium titanate-iron@nickel ferrite nanocomposites. Finally, The BFT@NFO exhibited excellent electrochemical properties which can be ascribed to this compound possessing two electrochemical active components and/or the nano-ovals structure of the particles which can further improve the electrochemistry through the possible oxidation states and the synergistic effect. The result advocates that when the BTF is shielded with NFO nanoparticles the thermal, dielectric, and electrochemical properties of nano-oval BaTi
0.7
Fe
0.3
O
3
@NiFe
2
O
4
nanocomposites can be synchronously developed. Thus, the production of ultrasensitive electrochemical nano-systems for the determination of hydrogen peroxide is of extensive significance.
This research accomplished the growth of cadmium zinc tungsten phosphate (CZWP) thin films on both glass and p-Si substrates, employing the sol–gel spin coating method. The sol–gel technique offers a ...versatile and controlled approach for fabricating nanomaterials with tailored properties. The structural and morphological analyses, conducted through XRD and FE-SEM, provided comprehensive insights into the nature of the films. The optical properties, absorbance behavior, energy gap, refractive indices, dielectric, conductivity, and electronegativity, underwent meticulous examination through UV–Vis spectroscopy. The X-ray diffraction analysis of the zinc cadmium tungsten phosphate diode reveals diffraction lines indicative of a nanostructure featuring a monoclinic-phase Zn
2
P
2
O
7
and Cd
3
P
6
O
28
. Furthermore, SEM analysis confirms a nanoporous morphology with a nanograpes-like structure in the successful crystalline structure of the cadmium zinc tungsten phosphate nanostructure. The optical absorption studies, covering a wavelength range from 190 to 1500 nm, unveiled both direct and indirect energy band gaps, measuring 4.14 and 3.77 eV, respectively. A rigorous analysis of the I-V-T characteristics for the CZNP/p-Si junction in dark mode led to the identification of key parameters, including the transport ideality factor, barrier height, and series resistance.
Polystyrene membranes were found to be an effective-assisted material in the growth of undoped and doped indium–tin–oxide (ITO) with different concentrations from 3 to 7 wt% of CuO nanoparticles. ...Nanocomposites were characterized by XRD, FT-IR, HR-SEM/TEM, and dielectric measurements. Polystyrene-assisted ITO nanocomposites (ITO/PS) showed the high crystalline phase with lattice fringes, and well agreed on the cubic phase of ITO. As the concentration of CuO increases in ITO/PS nanocomposite, the conductivity decreases. Differential scanning calorimetry/thermogravimetric analysis showed a good thermal stability of the prepared nanocomposites. The increase of CuO wt% did not affect the major degeneration temperature and the thermal stability of undoped composite. The highest conductivity was obtained for ITO doped with 7 wt% of CuO. The formed Polystyrene-assisted ITO:Cu nanocomposites demonstrated a considerable antimicrobial activity against non-filamentous fungi (
Candida albicans
), Gram-positive bacteria (
Bacillus mycoides
), and Gram-negative bacteria (
Escherichia coli
) at all tested concentrations (3.0–7.0 wt% of CuO) with maximum activity at 7.0 wt% of CuO.
Abstract
Perovskite oxide materials, specifically MgTiO
3
(MT) and Li-doped MgTiO
3
(MTxLi), were synthesized via a sol–gel method and calcination at 800 °C. This study explores the impact of varying ...Li doping levels (x = 0, 0.01, 0.05, and 0.1) on the crystalline structure and properties of MgTiO
3
. X-ray diffraction analysis revealed a well-defined rhombohedral MgTiO
3
phase. Optical diffuse reflectance measurements provided insights into energy gap values, refractive index, and dielectric constant. Li
+
doping enhanced the electrical properties of MgTiO
3
, with a notable phase transition observed at 50 °C. The study investigated impedance and AC conductivity under varying temperature and frequency conditions (25–120 °C, 4 Hz to 8 MHz). Electrochemical analysis through cyclic voltammetry and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy confirmed highly electrocatalytic properties for MTxLi, particularly when modified onto screen-printed electrodes. This work not only advances the understanding of Li-doped MgTiO
3
nanostructures but also highlights their significant potential for direct electrochemical applications, particularly in the realm of energy storage.
•The degradation of organophosphorus pesticides by gamma irradiation is studied in water.•Radiolytic degradation by gamma irradiation is affected by initial concentrations of pesticides.•The Organic ...and inorganic radical scavengers found in groundwater and tap water bind radiolytic degradation of pesticides.
This study reviews the effect of different gamma radiation doses (1, 3, 5, 10 and 20 kGy) on the degradation of chlorfenvinphos, diazinon, dimethoate, and profenofos at different concentrations (0.5, 1.0, and 5 μg/mL) in aqueous solutions (deionized, tap, and groundwater). The role of initial concentration, measured total dissolved solids and pH on degradation was investigated. The degradation of the four tested organophosphates due to gamma irradiation was determined using LC–MS/MS. The radiolytic degradation products were studied using the scan mode of GC–MS/MS. The radiation chemical yield, dose constant, D0.5, and D0.9 were calculated to evaluate degradation efficiency for each compound. All pesticides are completely eliminated, despite water type, at low concentration levels of 0.5 and 1 μg/mL. At concentration level 5 μg/mL, gamma irradiation could completely remove pesticides concentration in de-ionized water, but the binding effect of total dissolved solids decreased degradation efficiency of some organophosphates such as diazinon. The D0.9 of 5 μg/mL concentration of chlorfenvinphos, diazinon, dimethoate, and profenofos in de-ionized water were 6.6, 8.7, 11.0, and 17.6 respectively. Also, Gamma irradiating of an agriculture wastewater sample resulted in the removal of carbaryl, carbosulfan, and diazinon at 6 kGy dose.
Mixed-metal oxide spinel ferrite nanoparticles of composition Na
0.5
Mn
x
Co
(0.5−
x
)
Fe
2
O
4
(where
x
= 0.0, 0.1, 0.3, and 0.5) were synthesized successfully through a well-known citrate sol–gel ...autocombustion method. X-ray diffraction approach, transmission electron microscope, scanning electron microscope, and spectroscopic Fourier transform infrared were used to investigate the microstructure and the formation of the composites. Diffuse reflectance was employed to investigate the optical properties and estimating of optical band gap type and value. The magnetic analysis was made by employing a vibrating sample magnetometer. It was found that the average crystallite size increases with the increase of manganese (Mn) content. The formation of the spinel structure of Mn-doped Na-CFO was confirmed by FTIR spectra. The direct optical band gap was observed through the Kubelka–Munk function calculation of diffusely reflected light. The saturation magnetization decreases with the addition of Mn cations.
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•Nix/SiO2 co-doped NiAl(1-x)CoFe2O4 were prepared by sol–gel and calcined at 650 °C.•Ni increasing increases the saturation magnetization and the optical energy gap.•Excellent ...antibacterial activity against all studied nosocomial strains was noted.•The nanocomposites release massive amounts of bacterial proteins.•The nanocomposites can delay wound healing.
Among the most dangerous concerns for public health is a nosocomial bacterial infection of burn wounds. Nanocomposites with strong antibacterial activity have developed as a feasible candidate for these potential infects. Nix/SiO2co-doped NiAl(1-x)CoFe2O4nanocrystallites (sampled S0-S3) were prepared through the sol–gel method and calcined at 650 °C.Direct and/or indirect transition can be experienced in the prepared nanocrystallites with increased probability of direct type. Both the direct and indirect transition energy increase with Ni content increase.Further, the antibacterial activity against four nosocomial pathogens was evaluated through analysis of zone of inhibition, minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), and some physiological changes. The S3 nanocomposites revealed excellent antibacterial activity against all studied nosocomial strains. Besides, it prevents bacterial growth and releases massive amounts of bacterial proteins compared to the others. Results demonstrated that it can fight nosocomial pathogens, especially those that infect the wounds and delay wound healing.
We study the microstructure, optical, thermal, dielectric, and mechanical properties of flexible oxidized cellulose (OC) films loaded with different mass fractions of cubic structure ...Bi0.5Na0.25K0.25TiO3 by blending solution technique and casting method. The films were characterized using infrared, X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, and UV–visible spectroscopy. The optical results confirmed the formation of crystalline bismuth sodium titanate/OC semiconductor films with a direct energy bandgap (3.002–3.276 eV) and have the ability for optoelectronic applications. The dielectric constant and dielectric loss of OC /BNKT film decreased obviously with increasing frequency. However, the ferroelectric state of the BNKT and its correlation with structure verified the existence of a relaxer behavior to this ratio. OC film with 20% dopped BNKT displayed energetic bactericidal activity against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. The presented study suggested that this film can be used as an antibacterial packaging material to diminish packaging's adverse environmental impacts with non-cytotoxicity.
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Summary Background Previous reviews have examined the existence of HIV prevention, treatment, and care services for injecting drug users (IDUs) worldwide, but they did not quantify the scale of ...coverage. We undertook a systematic review to estimate national, regional, and global coverage of HIV services in IDUs. Methods We did a systematic search of peer-reviewed (Medline, BioMed Central), internet, and grey-literature databases for data published in 2004 or later. A multistage process of data requests and verification was undertaken, involving UN agencies and national experts. National data were obtained for the extent of provision of the following core interventions for IDUs: needle and syringe programmes (NSPs), opioid substitution therapy (OST) and other drug treatment, HIV testing and counselling, antiretroviral therapy (ART), and condom programmes. We calculated national, regional, and global coverage of NSPs, OST, and ART on the basis of available estimates of IDU population sizes. Findings By 2009, NSPs had been implemented in 82 countries and OST in 70 countries; both interventions were available in 66 countries. Regional and national coverage varied substantially. Australasia (202 needle–syringes per IDU per year) had by far the greatest rate of needle–syringe distribution; Latin America and the Caribbean (0·3 needle–syringes per IDU per year), Middle East and north Africa (0·5 needle–syringes per IDU per year), and sub-Saharan Africa (0·1 needle–syringes per IDU per year) had the lowest rates. OST coverage varied from less than or equal to one recipient per 100 IDUs in central Asia, Latin America, and sub-Saharan Africa, to very high levels in western Europe (61 recipients per 100 IDUs). The number of IDUs receiving ART varied from less than one per 100 HIV-positive IDUs (Chile, Kenya, Pakistan, Russia, and Uzbekistan) to more than 100 per 100 HIV-positive IDUs in six European countries. Worldwide, an estimated two needle–syringes (range 1–4) were distributed per IDU per month, there were eight recipients (6–12) of OST per 100 IDUs, and four IDUs (range 2–18) received ART per 100 HIV-positive IDUs. Interpretation Worldwide coverage of HIV prevention, treatment, and care services in IDU populations is very low. There is an urgent need to improve coverage of these services in this at-risk population. Funding UN Office on Drugs and Crime; Australian National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre, University of New South Wales; and Australian National Health and Medical Research Council.
is a common cause of non-gonococcal non-chlamydial urethritis and cervicitis. Testing of asymptomatic populations has been proposed, but prevalence in asymptomatic populations is not well ...established. We aimed to estimate the prevalence of
in the general population, pregnant women, men who have sex with men (MSM), commercial sex workers (CSWs) and clinic-based samples, METHODS: We searched Embase, Medline, IndMED, African Index Medicus and LILACS from 1 January 1991 to 12 July 2016 without language restrictions. We included studies with 500 participants or more. Two reviewers independently screened and selected studies and extracted data. We examined forest plots and conducted random-effects meta-analysis to estimate prevalence, if appropriate. Between-study heterogeneity was examined using the I
statistic and meta-regression.
Of 3316 screened records, 63 were included. In randomly selected samples from the general population, the summary prevalence was 1.3% (95% CI 1.0% to 1.8%, I
41.5%, three studies, 9091 people) in countries with higher levels of development and 3.9% (95% CI 2.2 to 6.7, I
89.2%, three studies, 3809 people) in countries with lower levels. Prevalence was similar in women and men (P=0.47). In clinic based samples, prevalence estimates were higher, except in asymptomatic patients (0.8%, 95% CI 0.4 to 1.4, I
0.0%, three studies, 2889 people). Summary prevalence estimates were, in the following groups: pregnant women 0.9% (95% CI 0.6% to 1.4%, I
0%, four studies, 3472 people), MSM in the community 3.2% (95% CI 2.1 to 5.1, I
78.3%, five studies, 3012 people) and female CSWs in the community 15.9% (95% CI 13.5 to 18.9, I
79.9%, four studies, 4006 people).
This systematic review can inform testing guidelines for
. The low estimated prevalence of
in the general population, pregnant women and asymptomatic attenders at clinics does not support expansion of testing to these groups.
PROSPERO: CRD42015020420.
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