Objectives
Excessive accumulation of adipose tissue may accelerate brain aging, but the underlying mechanisms are poorly understood. Several adiposity indices were proposed to assess obesity, while ...their linkage with brain health in older adults remained unclear. Here we aimed to examine the associations of adiposity indices with global and regional cerebral blood flow (CBF) in older adults, while considering insulin resistance.
Design
This was a cross-sectional population-based study that included older adults derived from the baseline participants in the ongoing Multimodal Interventions to Delay Dementia and Disability in rural China (MIND-China) study.
Setting And Participants
The study included 103 Chinese rural-dwelling older adults (age≥60 years; 69.9% women) who underwent brain magnetic resonance imaging scans.
Methods
We estimated eight adiposity indices based on anthropometric measures. We automatically quantified global and regional CBF using the arterial spin labeling scans. Insulin resistance was assessed using the triglyceride-glucose index and then dichotomized into high and low levels according to the median. Data were analyzed using general linear model and voxel-wise analysis.
Results
Of the eight examined adiposity indices, only higher waist-to-height ratio (WHtR) and body roundness index (BRI) were associated with reduced global CBF (multivariable-adjusted β-coefficients and 95%CI: −1.76; −3.25, −0.27 and −1.77; −3.25, −0.30, respectively) and hypoperfusion in bilateral middle temporal gyri, angular gyri and superior temporal gyri, left middle cingulum and precuneus (P<0.05). There were statistical interactions of WHtR and BRI with levels of insulin resistance on CBF, such that the significant associations of higher WHtR and BRI with lower global and regional CBF existed only in people with high insulin resistance (P<0.05).
Conclusion
Higher WHtR and BRI are associated with cerebral hypoperfusion in older adults, especially in people with high insulin resistance. This may highlight the pathological role of visceral fat in vascular brain aging.
A
bstract
Using (10087 ± 44) × 10
6
J
/
ψ
events collected with the BESIII detector at the BEPCII
e
+
e
−
storage ring at the center-of-mass energy of
s
= 3.097 GeV, we present a search for the rare ...semi-muonic charmonium decay
J
/
ψ
→
D
−
μ
+
ν
μ
+ c.c.. Since no significant signal is observed, we set an upper limit of the branching fraction to be
B
(
J
/
ψ
→
D
−
μ
+
ν
μ
+ c.c.) < 5.6 × 10
−
7
at 90% confidence level. This is the first search for the weak decay of charmonium with a muon in the final state.
•Fatigue volumetric deformation of marble is impacted obviously by interbed structure.•Rock damage displays a first fast grow then steady propagation trend within a cyclic stage.•A new damage ...evolution model was proposed based on rock axial strain to describe damage evolution.•Failure mode of anisotropic marble is structural dependent and it changes from tensile splitting to mixed shear-tension.
Rock mass is often subjected to complicated stress disturbance in many civil and mining engineering. This work aims to investigate the fatigue mechanical characteristics of marble having different interbed orientation subjected to multi-level constant-amplitude (MLCA) cyclic loads. The impacts of interbed structure on rock fracture and energy characteristics were investigated and characterized experimentally. The experimental results reveal that the deformation, strength, lifetime, damping characteristics, and energy release and dissipation are all impacted by the interbed structure. From the change of hysteresis loop shape, damping ratio, and dissipated energy, a two-phase damage evolution characteristic at each cyclic loading stage is observed. The hysteresis loop area, damping ratio and dissipated energy all decrease with increasing cyclic number within a cyclic loading stage. At the start of each cyclic stage, the sudden growth of axial stress contributes a lot to the rock damage compared to the followed cyclic loads. In addition, based on the energy dissipation principle, a fatigue damage model was proposed to describe rock accumulative damage. It is shown that the model can well describe the damage accumulation regardless the rock structure. Moreover, good agreement is found between the CT images and energy analysis, and it is suggested that it is the rock structure that controls the energy dissipation and release pattern.
In addition to rusts, the subphylum Pucciniomycotina (Basidiomycota) includes a large number of unicellular or dimorphic fungi which are usually studied as yeasts. Ribosomal DNA sequence analyses ...have shown that the current taxonomic system of the pucciniomycetous yeasts which is based on phenotypic criteria is not concordant with the molecular phylogeny and many genera are polyphyletic. Here we inferred the molecular phylogeny of 184 pucciniomycetous yeast species and related filamentous fungi using maximum likelihood, maximum parsimony and Bayesian inference analyses based on the sequences of seven genes, including the small subunit ribosomal DNA (rDNA), the large subunit rDNA D1/D2 domains, the internal transcribed spacer regions (ITS 1 and 2) of rDNA including the 5.8S rDNA gene; the nuclear protein-coding genes of the two subunits of DNA polymerase II (RPB1 and RPB2) and the translation elongation factor 1-α (TEF1); and the mitochondrial gene cytochrome b (CYTB). A total of 33 monophyletic clades and 18 single species lineages were recognised among the pucciniomycetous yeasts employed, which belonged to four major lineages corresponding to Agaricostilbomycetes, Cystobasidiomycetes, Microbotryomycetes and Mixiomycetes. These lineages remained independent from the classes Atractiellomycetes, Classiculomycetes, Pucciniomycetes and Tritirachiomycetes formed by filamentous taxa in Pucciniomycotina. An updated taxonomic system of pucciniomycetous yeasts implementing the ‘One fungus = One name’ principle will be proposed based on the phylogenetic framework presented here.
A
bstract
Using a sample of (10
.
09
±
0
.
04)
×
10
9
J/ψ
decays collected with the BESIII detector, partial wave analyses of the decay
J
/
ψ
→
γ
K
S
0
K
S
0
π
0
are performed within the
K
S
0
K
S
0
...π
0
invariant mass region below 1.6 GeV/
c
2
. The covariant tensor amplitude method is used in both mass independent and mass dependent approaches. Both analysis approaches exhibit dominant pseudoscalar and axial vector components, and show good consistency for the other individual components. Furthermore, the mass dependent analysis reveals that the
K
S
0
K
S
0
π
0
invariant mass spectrum for the pseudoscalar component can be well described with two isoscalar resonant states using relativistic Breit-Wigner model, i.e., the
η
(1405) with a mass of
1391.7
±
0.7
−
0.3
+
11.3
MeV/
c
2
and a width of
60.8
±
1.2
−
12.0
+
5.5
MeV, and the
η
(1475) with a mass of
1507.6
±
1.6
−
32.2
+
15.5
MeV/
c
2
and a width of
115.8
±
2.4
−
10.9
+
14.8
MeV. The first and second uncertainties are statistical and systematic, respectively. Alternate models for the pseudoscalar component are also tested, but the description of the
K
S
0
K
S
0
π
0
invariant mass spectrum deteriorates significantly.
A
bstract
With data samples collected with the BESIII detector at seven energy points at
s
= 3
.
68
−
3
.
71 GeV, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 333 pb
−
1
, we present a study of the Λ ...transverse polarization in the
e
+
e
−
→
Λ
Λ
¯
reaction. The significance of polarization by combining the seven energy points is found to be 2.6
σ
including the systematic uncertainty, which implies a non-zero phase between the transition amplitudes of the
Λ
Λ
¯
helicity states. The modulus ratio and the relative phase of EM-
psionic
form factors combined with all energy points are measured to be
R
Ψ
=
0.71
−
0.10
+
0.10
±
0.03 and ∆Φ
Ψ
=
23
−
8.0
+
8.8
±
1.6
°
, where the first uncertainties are statistical and the second systematic.
A
bstract
Based on 4.5 fb
−
1
e
+
e
−
collision data collected with BESIII detector at seven energy points between 4.600 and 4.699 GeV, the branching fractions for
Λ
c
+
→
pη
and
Λ
c
+
→
pω
were ...measured by means of single-tag method. The branching fractions of
Λ
c
+
→
pη
and
Λ
c
+
→
pω
are determined to be (1.57
±
0.11
stat
±
0.04
syst
)
×
10
−
3
and (1.11
±
0.20
stat
±
0.07
syst
)
×
10
−
3
, with a statistical significance of greater than 10
σ
and 5.7
σ
, respectively. These results are consistent with the previous measurements by BESIII, LHCb and Belle, and the result of
Λ
c
+
→
pη
is the most precise to date.
A
bstract
Based on
e
+
e
−
collision data collected at center-of-mass energies from 2.000 to 3.080 GeV by the BESIII detector at the BEPCII collider, a partial wave analysis is performed for the ...process
e
+
e
−
→
K
S
0
K
L
0
π
0
. The results allow the Born cross sections of the process
e
+
e
−
→
K
S
0
K
L
0
π
0
, as well as its subprocesses
e
+
e
−
→
K
∗
(892)
0
K
¯
0
and
K
2
∗
(1430)
0
K
¯
0
to be measured. The Born cross sections for
e
+
e
−
→
K
S
0
K
L
0
π
0
are consistent with previous measurements by BaBar, but with substantially improved precision. The Born cross section lineshape of the process
e
+
e
−
K
∗
(892)
0
K
¯
0
is consistent with a vector meson state around 2.2 GeV with a significance of 3.2
σ
. A Breit-Wigner fit determines its mass as
M
Y
= (2164
.
7
±
9
.
1
±
3
.
1) MeV
/c
2
and its width as Γ
Y
= (32
.
4
±
21
.
0
±
1
.
8) MeV.
Summary
We evaluated the efficacy and safety of telbivudine (LdT, 600 mg/day) vs control patients (no treatment) in decreasing vertical transmission of HBV, in HBeAg‐positive mothers (HBVDNA ...>6log10 copies/mL). HBeAg‐positive pregnant women either in the second or third trimester were recruited in a prospective, case–control, open‐label study, at the Second Affiliated Hospital of the Southeast University, China (February 2008‐December 2010). Efficacy (month 7: HBVDNA (+), HBsAg (+) infants) in either the overall group or the treated group and control group was analysed using student's t‐test. Infants were followed for at least 1 year. 362 women received LdT (second trimester n = 257; third trimester n = 105) and 92 were untreated. Before delivery, the mean maternal HBVDNA was 2.73, 2.47, 3.34 and 7.94 log10 copies/mL in the overall, second and third trimester treated and control groups, respectively (P < 0.001). At birth, 11.8% of babies overall (43/365), 13.5% (35/259) of those treated in the second trimester, 7.5% of those treated in the third trimester (8/106) and 20.7% (19/92) of untreated infants were HBsAg positive. At month 7, none of the LdT‐treated infant had detectable HBVDNA, while eight infants from control mothers were HBsAg positive. Vertical transmission was 0% in LdT treated and 9.3% (8/86) in the control groups (P < 0.001). No difference in the vertical transmission rate was found in mothers treated in the second or third trimester. LdT treatment was safe for mothers and infants, and no congenital deformities were reported.
The decay
D
→
K
-
π
+
is studied in a sample of quantum-correlated
D
D
¯
pairs, based on a data set corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 2.93 fb
-
1
collected at the
ψ
(
3770
)
resonance by ...the BESIII experiment. The asymmetry between
C
P
-odd and
C
P
-even eigenstate decays into
K
-
π
+
is determined to be
A
K
π
=
0.132
±
0.011
±
0.007
, where the first uncertainty is statistical and the second is systematic. This measurement is an update of an earlier study exploiting additional tagging modes, including several decay modes involving a
K
L
0
meson. The branching fractions of the
K
L
0
modes are determined as input to the analysis in a manner that is independent of any strong phase uncertainty. Using the predominantly
C
P
-even tag
D
→
π
+
π
-
π
0
and the ensemble of
C
P
-odd eigenstate tags, the observable
A
K
π
π
π
π
0
is measured to be
0.130
±
0.012
±
0.008
. The two asymmetries are sensitive to
r
D
K
π
cos
δ
D
K
π
, where
r
D
K
π
and
δ
D
K
π
are the ratio of amplitudes and phase difference, respectively, between the doubly Cabibbo-suppressed and Cabibbo-favoured decays. In addition, events containing
D
→
K
-
π
+
tagged by
D
→
K
S
,
L
0
π
+
π
-
are studied in bins of phase space of the three-body decays. This analysis has sensitivity to both
r
D
K
π
cos
δ
D
K
π
and
r
D
K
π
sin
δ
D
K
π
. A fit to
A
K
π
,
A
K
π
π
π
π
0
and the phase-space distribution of the
D
→
K
S
,
L
0
π
+
π
-
tags yields
δ
D
K
π
=
187.6
-
9.7
+
8.9
-
6.4
+
5.4
∘
, where external constraints are applied for
r
D
K
π
and other relevant parameters. This is the most precise measurement of
δ
D
K
π
in quantum-correlated
D
D
¯
decays.
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