There is an increasing number of studies on the transradial approach (TRA) for carotid artery stenting. We aimed to summarize the published data on TRA vs the transfemoral approach (TFA). We searched ...Science Direct, Embase, PubMed, and Web of Science databases for the relevant literature. Primary outcomes included surgical success and cardiovascular and cerebrovascular complication rates; secondary outcomes included the rates of vascular access-related and other complications. We also compared the crossover rate, success rate, and complications between TRA and TFA carotid stenting. This is the first such meta-analysis regarding TRA and TFA. Twenty studies on TRA carotid stenting were included (n = 1300). Among 19 studies, the success rate of TRA carotid stenting was .951 (95% confidence interval CI: .926–.975); death rate was .022 (.011–.032); stroke rate was .005 (.001–.008); radial artery occlusion rate was .008 (.003–.013); and forearm hematoma rate was .003 (−.000 to .006). Among 4 studies comparing TRA and TFA, the success rate was lower (odds ratio: .02; 95% CI: .00–.23) and crossover rate was higher (odds ratio: 40.16; 95% CI: 4.41–365.73) with TRA. Thus, transradial neuro-interventional surgery has a lower success rate than TFA.
This study aims to share our experience with the arm-only combined transarterial and transvenous access approach for neurointerventional procedures and evaluate its efficacy and safety.
The arm-only ...combined transarterial and transvenous access approach was performed using the right/bilateral proximal radial arteries and the right forearm superficial vein system, guided by ultrasonic guidance. Arterial access closure was achieved using a transradial band radial compression device, while manual compression was utilized for venous approach closure.
Thirteen procedures were successfully performed using the arm-only combined transarterial and transvenous access approach, yielding favorable outcomes. The procedures included dural arteriovenous fistula embolization (seven cases), cerebral arteriovenous malformation embolization (four cases), venous sinus thrombosis catheter-directed thrombolysis and intravenous thrombectomy (one case), and cerebral venous sinus stenosis manometry (one case). All procedures were uneventful, allowing patients to ambulate on the same day. At discharge, all patients exhibited modified Rankin scores of 0-2, without any access site or perioperative complications.
This double-center study preliminarily demonstrates the feasibility and safety of arm-only combined transarterial and transvenous access applied in neurointerventional procedures for complicated cerebrovascular diseases. The proximal radial artery and forearm superficial vein are recommended as the primary access sites. Unobstructed compression is strongly recommended for radial approach closure.
This study aimed to add evidence and experience on the arm-only combined transarterial and transvenous access, as a new approach, for neurointerventional treatment that required arteriovenous approaches.
In the bridge concrete, reinforcement corrosion is one of the main factors affecting the service life and safety performance of bridges, in which cathodic protection (CP) technology is widely used in ...the corrosion protection of reinforcement in bridge concrete. However, exposed in the atmosphere for a long time, there are much more crevices in the bridge concrete, which will greatly shorten the protection distance of cathodic current, and then aggravate the corrosion of reinforcement in the crevices. Therefore, based on the self-designed rectangular crevice structure as the experimental device to simulate the crevices in the bridge concrete, this paper studied the corrosion behavior of HRB500 steel inside and outside the crevice structure in 3 wt.% NaCl solution under the different conditions of CP current densities through electrochemical experiments and corrosion morphology characterization. The results showed that under the condition of no cathodic protection, the crevice corrosion mechanism generally changed from activation corrosion to oxygen concentration corrosion with the increase of experimental time, presenting that the self-corrosion potential of the HRB500 steel inside the crevice structure positively shifted, while the self-corrosion potential of the HRB500 steel outside the crevice structure shifted first to positive direction and then to negative direction. When cathodic protection was applied, the corrosion behaviors of the HRB500 steels along the crevice structure were all showed in activation corrosion, and the corrosion behavior of HRB500 steel outside the crevice was transformed from anode control to mixed control, and from general corrosion to pitting corrosion. Under the conditions of increasing CP current densities, the corrosion behavior was depended on cathodic process with a decreasing cathodic Tafel constant (βc), while the corrosion morphology changed from pitting corrosion to general corrosion.
Partridge tea has high medicinal value due to its rich content of terpenoids, phenols, flavonoids, and other related bioactive components. In order to study the best drying method for partridge tea, ...four treatments, including outdoor sun drying (OD), indoor shade drying (ID), hot-air drying (HAD), and low-temperature freeze-drying (LTD), were performed. The results showed that the OD and HAD treatments favored the retention of the red color of their products, while the ID and LTD treatments were more favorable for the retention of the green color. The HS-SPME-GC-MS results showed that a total of 82 compounds were identified in the four drying treatments of partridge tea, and the most abundant compounds were terpenoids (88.34–89.92%). The HAD-treated tea had the highest terpenoid content (89.92%) and high levels of flavor compounds typical of partridge tea (52.28%). OPLS-DA and PCA showed that α-copaene, β-bourbonene, caryophyllene, α-guaiene, and δ-cadinene could be considered candidate marker compounds for judging the aroma quality of partridge tea with different drying treatments. This study will not only provide a basis for processing and flavor quality control but also for spice and seasoning product development in partridge tea.
Long-term manuring supplies organic substrates containing carbon and nitrogen, which are expected to contribute to the stabilization of soil organic carbon (SOC) according to microbial stoichiometry ...decomposition and nitrogen mining theories. This possibility was evaluated after 33 years of manure application (i.e., farmyard manure at agronomic and elevated rates) compared to an unfertilized control and chemical fertilizer, at an agricultural field site in a Calcic Cambisol on the Loess Plateau. Soil was collected from 0-20 cm (plow layer), 20–40 cm and 40–60 cm depths at the end of the winter fallow season to assess the SOC content in whole soil or in macroaggregate, microaggregate, silt and clay fractions (plow layer only). Long-term management of this site increased the SOC stock (0–60 cm) by 44% in the unfertilized control, up to 68% with chemical fertilizer and from 140% (agronomic rate of farmyard manure) to 189% (elevated rate of farmyard manure). Carbon sequestration efficiency was greater in the unfertilized control (35%) and with chemical fertilizer (up to 31%) than in manure-amended soils (18–23%). Manuring increased the mass of macroaggregates and the specific activity of N-acetyl-glucosaminidase on a per unit SOC basis, which was negatively (P < 0.001) correlated with the specific respiration rate (on a per unit SOC basis) in the whole soil (three depths) and aggregates (plow layer only). Stable macroaggregates were associated with larger SOC stocks and greater organic nitrogen acquisition by microorganisms in the manure-amended soil. This appears to support the microbial nitrogen mining theory. In conclusion, long-term manure application increased soil aggregation as well as stability of the macroaggregate-associated organic carbon, which contributes to SOC sequestration in the Calcic Cambisols on the Loess Plateau.
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•Manure application increased carbon sequestration rate but decreased its efficiency.•Organic carbon in macroaggregates was relatively stable.•Microbial mining of organic nitrogen determined soil carbon stability.•Manure application strengthened macroaggregate-stabilized carbon.
Clarifying the synergistic effect between rainfall and fertilization in rainfed farming and joint effect on crop yield can provide theoretical basis for improving the sustainable productivity of ...farmland in dry farming. A 32-year fertilizer regulation experiment was conducted in the dry farming region of the Loess Plateau. According to the precipitation, it was divided into dry, normal and high rainfall years. The influence of long-term fertilization regulation on crop yield and farmland moisture changes under different rainfall years was analyzed, and the regulation mechanism of fertilization and precipitation coordination on crop yield under different rainfall years was explored. The results showed that effects of fertilization on crop yield and water use efficiency (WUE) were closely related to experimental years. In the early stage, the increase in treatments with higher amounts of nitrogen was more significant, while in the later stage, the increase in treatments with less organic fertilizer was more significant. The correlation of crop yield, the whole rainfall (WR), growth period rainfall (GPR), fallow period rainfall (FPR), water storage during sowing (SWS), evapotranspiration (ET), WUE and utilization efficiency of precipitation (PUE)under different rainfall years and treatments was analyzed. The results showed that the crop yield showed that the correlation with PUE showed high> dry> normal rainfall year, and the correlation with WUE showed the law of dry> high> normal rainfall year. The correlation of organic fertilizer treatments was lower than that of single chemical fertilizer. With the years extension of application organic fertilizer, application low amount of organic fertilizer can improve crop yield by improving PUE, and can achieve the effect of application high amount of organic fertilizer. No matter what the rainfall years, the long-term application of organic fertilizer can make full use of the rainfall to improve the WUE, and then ensure the sustainability of crop yield.
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•A 32-year long-term fertilization regulation test was conducted in this study.•Effect of fertilization regulation on yield change with duration of the experiment.•Fertilization has a threshold for yield and water use efficiency(WUE) improvement.•Adding organic fertilizer improve WUE by improving rainfall utilization efficiency.•The addition of organic fertilizer reduce the dependence of dryland yield on rainfall.
•Rupatadine is the most effective for allergic rhinitis among various oral H1 antihistamines.•Rupatadine 20 mg is more effective for allergic rhinitis than rupatadine 10 mg.•Loratadine 10 mg has ...inferior efficacy for allergic rhinitis to the other oral H1 antihistamines.
Oral H1 antihistamines are the first-line treatment for patients with allergic rhinitis, while it is uncertain which kind and dosage of the antihistamines are more effective in improving symptoms of patients.
To evaluate the efficacy of different oral H1 antihistamine treatments on patients with allergic rhinitis by performing a network meta-analysis.
The search was executed in PubMed, Embase, OVID, the Cochrane Library and ClinicalTrials.gov for relevant studies. The network meta-analysis was performed by using Stata 16.0, and the outcome measures of the analysis were symptom score reductions of patients. Relative risks with 95% Confidence Intervals were used in the network meta-analysis to compare the clinical effect of treatments involved, and Surface Under the Cumulative Ranking Curves (SUCRAs) were also calculated to rank the treatments’ efficacy.
18 eligible randomized controlled studies, involving a total of 9419 participants, were included in this meta-analysis. All the antihistamine treatments outperformed placebo in total symptom score reduction and each individual symptom score reduction. According to the results of SUCRA, rupatadine 20 mg and rupatadine 10 mg were ranked relatively high in reductions of total symptom score (SUCRA: 99.7%, 76.3%), nasal congestion score (SUCRA: 96.4%, 76.4%), rhinorrhea score (SUCRA: 96.6%, 74.6%) and ocular symptom score (SUCRA: 97.2%, 88.8%); rupatadine 20 mg and levocetirizine 5 mg were ranked relatively high in reductions of nasal itching score (SUCRA: 84.8%, 83.4%) and sneezing score (SUCRA: 87.3%, 95.4%); loratadine 10 mg was ranked the lowest in each symptom score reduction besides placebo.
This study suggests that rupatadine is the most effective in alleviating symptoms of patients with allergic rhinitis among different oral H1 antihistamine treatments involved, and rupatadine 20 mg performs better than rupatadine 10 mg. While loratadine 10 mg has inferior efficacy for patients to the other antihistamine treatments.
In recent years, diagnostic and therapeutic approaches for rheumatoid arthritis (RA) have continued to improve. However, in the advanced stages of the disease, patients are unable to achieve ...long-term clinical remission and often suffer from systemic multi-organ damage and severe complications. Patients with RA usually have no overt clinical manifestations in the early stages, and by the time a definitive diagnosis is made, the disease is already at an advanced stage. RA is diagnosed clinically and with laboratory tests, including the blood markers C-reactive protein (CRP) and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) and the autoantibodies rheumatoid factor (RF) and anticitrullinated protein antibodies (ACPA). However, the presence of RF and ACPA autoantibodies is associated with aggravated disease, joint damage, and increased mortality, and these autoantibodies have low specificity and sensitivity. The etiology of RA is unknown, with the pathogenesis involving multiple factors and clinical heterogeneity. The early diagnosis, subtype classification, and prognosis of RA remain challenging, and studies to develop minimally invasive or non-invasive biomarkers in the form of biofluid biopsies are becoming more common. Non-coding RNA (ncRNA) molecules are composed of long non-coding RNAs, small nucleolar RNAs, microRNAs, and circular RNAs, which play an essential role in disease onset and progression and can be used in the early diagnosis and prognosis of RA. In this review of the diagnostic and prognostic approaches to RA disease, we provide an overview of the current knowledge on the subject, focusing on recent advances in mRNA-ncRNA as diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers from the biofluid to the tissue level.
Foxtail millet (
L.) is of high nutritious value, which is an important crop in arid and semi-arid regions. The objective of this experiment was to explore the effects of the synthetic auxin ...naphthalene acetic acid (NAA) on the physiological processes of foxtail millet, and to provide a theoretical basis and technical approaches for its efficient use in millet cultivation. Two foxtail millet varieties ('Jingu 21' and 'Zhangzagu 5') were treated with six concentrations of NAA from 0-144 mg L
at the grain-filling stage in field experiments. The photosynthetic pigment contents, gas exchange parameters, chlorophyll fluorescence parameters, and grain yield were measured in foxtail millet. The results showed that low concentrations of NAA (18-36 mg L
) increased the contents of photosynthetic pigments, and increased the activities of antioxidant enzymes, the photosynthetic rate, and the activity of photosystem system II (PS II). At higher NAA concentrations, the facilitation effect of the treatments diminished, showing a clear concentration effect. In this study, yield was significantly and positively correlated with PS II effective quantum yield (Y(II)) and the PSII electron transport rate (ETR), and the net photosynthetic rate (Pn) was significantly and positively correlated with chlorophyll content, stomatal conductance (Gs), Y(II), and ETR. These results also indicated that exogenous NAA application promotes the production of ATP and NADPH by increasing the efficiency of electron transfer within the photosystems and also improved photochemical utilization, which facilitates the fixation and reduction of carbon, ultimately leading to an increase in Pn and increasing grain yield in foxtail millet.
