A comparative study on the hydrogenation of norbornadiene (
I) and quadricyclane (
II) was performed over photo-assisted activated Rh
6(CO)
16 with or without UV-light irradiation. The photochemical ...and usual hydrogenations proceeded similarly as shown in reaction scheme.
The photo-assisted catalytic transfer hydrogenation and the catalytic hydrogenation of norbornadiene (
I) and quadricyclane (
II) over a photo-activated Rh cluster in 2-propanol in the presence of acetone was studied under comparative conditions. With the photo-assisted catalytic transfer hydrogenation, the hydrogen produced by dehydrogenation of 2-propanol is used very effectively for the addition to the reactants without evolving H
2. Norbornane (
IV) and nortricyclene (
V) are formed in parallel in the photo-assisted hydrogen transfer reaction of
II. In the reaction of
I, the acetone-sensitized isomerization of
I to
II occurs prior to hydrogenation in a concentration of 58
mmol/l of
I. However, at a lower concentration, we observed a stepwise hydrogenation of
I to
IV via norbornene (
III). The yield of
III formed in the catalytic hydrogenation was larger than that in the photo-assisted catalytic transfer hydrogenation. Compound
II was not observed in the catalytic hydrogenation of
I, and the yield of
V was less than 1%. Compound
II behaves in catalytic hydrogenation similar to as in photo-assisted catalytic transfer hydrogenation. The hydrogenation paths of
I and
II in both the reactions are discussed on the basis of a reaction mechanism shown in Scheme 1.
Objective: The purpose of this study was to determine the feasibility of interdisciplinary intervention on physical functions and arterial stiffness of disabled elderly people. Methods: Nine ...community-dwelling chronic stroke patients (the average age: 65.8 ± 6.4) participated in an interdisciplinary intervention. An interdisciplinary intervention that consists of physical training and nutrition management was performed twice a week for 12 weeks. All participants received physical training including resistance training, balance training, aerobic exereise and muscle stretching. Nutrition management and dietary assessment performed by registered dietitians during the intervention period. The Functional Reach Test, Timed Up and Go Test (TUG), knee extensor strength, Barthel Index and The 8-Item Short-Form Health Survey (SF-8) were measured in all participants. Cardio-Ankle Vascular Index (CAVI) and Ankle-Brachial Index (ABI) were measured to assess arterial stiffness. Results: The functional reach distance and maximal knee extension strength were significantly improved (p<0.05). In the arterial function, CAVI was significantly improved after intervention (p<0.05). ABI showed no fixed tendency. Conclusions: It was shown that an active interdisciplinary intervention might be effective in improving not only physical functions but also arterial stiffness. We need further studies incorporating more participants and a standard control group to determine the effect of interdisciplinary intervention.
Purpose ImageJ is freeware for image processing, and can measure range of motion. In this study, we examined the reliability of trunk flexion angle evaluation during sit-to-stand movements using ...ImageJ. Subjects Participants were three examinees and ten examiners. Methods Markers were attached to the left side of the acromion, great trochanter, and the lateral gap of the knee joint. Sit-to-stand movements of the three examinees were recorded in the saggital plane by a digital video camera. The trunk flexion angle was measured using ImageJ and three dimensional motion analysis was performed. Results Intra-rater and inter-rater reliability was analyzed using the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) with standard error of measurement (SEM). We confirmed high intra-rater and inter-rater reliability. Conclusion We consider that two-dimensional motion analysis using ImageJ is a useful tool for evaluation, study, and education in clinical settings of physical therapy.
Purpose ImageJ is freeware for image processing, and can measure range of motion. In this study, we examined the reliability of trunk flexion angle evaluation during sit-to-stand movements using ...ImageJ. Subjects Participants were three examinees and ten examiners. Methods Markers were attached to the left side of the acromion, great trochanter, and the lateral gap of the knee joint. Sit-to-stand movements of the three examinees were recorded in the saggital plane by a digital video camera. The trunk flexion angle was measured using ImageJ and three dimensional motion analysis was performed. Results Intra-rater and inter-rater reliability was analyzed using the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) with standard error of measurement (SEM). We confirmed high intra-rater and inter-rater reliability. Conclusion We consider that two-dimensional motion analysis using ImageJ is a useful tool for evaluation, study, and education in clinical settings of physical therapy.
Purpose We investigated the effect of exercise intervention and nutrition management on an arterial stiffness related index and physical function in stroke patients. Subjects Subjects were sixteen ...community-living stroke patients. Methods Exercise intervention that consisted of a two-hour program was performed twice a week for three months. Nutrition management was performed by nutrition managers during the intervention. We measured the Cardio-Ankle Vascular Index (CAVI), and the Ankle-Brachial Index (ABI) to assess the arterial function. Other measurements included gait speed, grip strength, Functional Reach Test (FRT), Timed Up and Go Test (TUG), and Sit-to-stand Test. Results In arterial function, CAVI of the affected side was significantly improved after intervention. There was no significant difference in ABI. In physical function, FRT and TUG were significantly improved. Conclusion These results suggest that an interdisciplinary intervention consisting of exercise and nutrition management was effective at not only improving physical function but also arterial function.
The purpose of the present study was to investigate the effects on the duration of actual and imagined movement when mirror therapy was given. The task selected was a writing task with the ...non-dominant hand. Subjects were 10 healthy volunteers. The durations of actual and imagined movement were recorded by electronic stop-watch operated by the subject and experimenter. The mirror therapy consisted of 10 minutes observation of the dominant-hand movement reflected in a mirror. A significant reduction in the task time was shown in the duration of the actual and imagined movement. Motor image training with mirror therapy may improve performance in the task. Movement repetition training would not be always needed for motor recovery in patients with motor disorders.
As magnetic memory density increases, increased flatness of an Aluminium disk is required. to improve the flatness obtained by diamond turning, a porous sintered nylon was applied to a vacuum chuck. ...then the retention ability of the sintered nylon was investigated and the following points were clarified. First, it was found that the static friction factor between the chuck and an Aluminium plate was smaller than that of conventional chucks, but that the retention by suction was strong enough to bear the cutting force in turning. Secondly, a desirable surface hardness of the chuck was attained when the pore rate was from 40% to 52%. Thirdly a strong retention was obtained after the surface of the chuck was out.
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