〔目的〕在宅脳卒中患者に対する運動介入および栄養指導が動脈硬化指数および運動機能に及ぼす影響を調査した。〔対象〕地域在住の脳卒中患者16名。〔方法〕運動は2時間のプログラムを週2回，3ヶ月間実施し，栄養指導は管理栄養士による定期的な食事調査と栄養指導が行われた。評価項目は心臓足関節血管指数（Cardio Ankle Vascular Index: CAVI），足関節上腕血圧比（Ankle ...Brachial Index: ABI），歩行速度，握力，Functional reach test（FRT），Timed Up and Go test（TUG），30秒立ち上がりテストとした。〔結果〕麻痺側のCAVI値は介入前に比較して有意に低下した。運動機能面ではFRTおよびTUGのみに有意な改善が認められた。〔結語〕今回の結果から運動介入と栄養指導による学際的介入が運動機能面および動脈機能の面からも有効であることが示唆された。
The reductive amination of 2-, 3- and 5-nonanones over platinum group metals, Raney Ni and Raney Co has been studied in ethanol in the presence of 9.3 molar ratio of ammonia to ketone at 50 °C and ...the hydrogen pressure of 8 MPa. With 2-nonanone, the major product was the corresponding primary amine over the metals other than Raney Ni. In contrast to the previous results with nonanal, no tertiary amine was found in the products; the secondary amine was also formed not at all (Pd, Ru, Rh, Raney Ni and Raney Co) or only to a slight extent (Os), except over Pt and Jr where it was formed in 17 and 16%selectivities, respectively. Over the catalysts other than Pd, Rh and Ir, the corresponding alcohol was formed in larger amounts than in the case of nonanal. In particular, over Raney Ni formation of the alcohol amounted to 54% which was even larger than the amount of the primary amine formed. Over Pd and Rh the alcohol was formed not at all or only slightly, and the primary amine was formed in 100 and 98%selectivities, respectively. In the presence of added ammonium acetate, the formation of alcohol and secondary amine was depressed, resulting in increased selectivities to the primary amine. Especially, the yields of primary amine increased to 100 and 98% over Raney Ni and Raney Co, respectively, in the presence of ammonium acetate. 3- and 5-Nonanones were less reactive than 2-nonanone with Pd, Pt, Rh and Ru, the reactivity decreasing in the order: 2->3->5-nonanone. In contrast, the selectivity for the formation of alcohol increased in the reverse order: 2-<3-<5-nonanone. Carbon-supported platinum metals showed much greater activites in the reductive amination than the corresponding metal blacks. Further, significant differences in the reactivities between the isomers and in the selectivities of the products have been observed between the supported and unsupported metals.
The reductive amination of nonanal with ammonia over group 8 metals has been studied in ethanol at 50° C a nd 8 MPa-H2 to compare the selectivity of these metals for the formation of the primary ...amine (nonylamine), the secondary amine (dinonylamine) and the tertiary amine (trinonylamine). The yield of the primary amine increased in the order: Pd < Os < Pt < Rh < Ir < Raney Ni = Ru < Raney Co. High yields of the primary amine were obtained with Raney Co (94%), Raney Ni (87%) and Ru (87% ) as catalysts, while over Pd catalyst the yield was o nly 24% which was t he smallest of t he metals investigated. Over Pd and Os catalysts the secondary amine was formed in larger amounts than the primary amine (62 and 53%, respectively). The tertiary amine was formed only in small amounts over Pd an d Os catalysts (6 and 1 %, respectively). In general, the formation of t he primary amine was n ot increased by the addition of a mmonium chloride. On t he other hand, the formation of the tertiary amine was greatly increased over Pd catalyst from 6 % to 45% in the presence of ammonium chloride. The max imum amounts of the Schiff -base, N-nonylidenenonylamine, found as an intermediate during the reaction were 69% over Raney Ni, 67% over Raney Co a nd 53% over Ru which were in a ll cases much greater than the amounts of the secondary amine produced over the respective metals. These results in dicate that the reaction pathways leading to the formation of the primary amine involves t he one via th e Schiff base as the intermediate which may be decomposed into t he primary amine and 1-nonanimine, by the ad dition of ammonia. Significant amounts of N, N-dinonyl-1-nonenylamine, a tertiary amine precursor, were also formed as an intermediate during the reaction even w hen the tertiary amine was n ot formed at all. The results show that, similarly to t he Schiff base, the tertiary amine precursor may be decomposed into the secondary amine and the imine in the presence of ammonia. The different sel ectivities of catalyst metals for the formation of primary and secondary amines have been discussed on the basis of the reaction pathways which involve the isomerization of the Schiff base to the enamine.
Objective: The purpose of this study was to determine the feasibility of interdisciplinary intervention on physical functions and arterial stiffness of disabled elderly people. Methods: Nine ...community-dwelling chronic stroke patients (the average age: 65.8 ± 6.4) participated in an interdisciplinary intervention. An interdisciplinary intervention that consists of physical training and nutrition management was performed twice a week for 12 weeks. All participants received physical training including resistance training, balance training, aerobic exercise and muscle stretching. Nutrition management and dietary assessment performed by registered dietitians during the intervention period. The Functional Reach Test, Timed Up and Go Test (TUG), knee extensor strength, Barthel Index and The 8-Item Short-Form Health Survey (SF-8) were measured in all participants. Cardio-Ankle Vascular Index (CAVI) and Ankle-Brachial Index (ABI) were measured to assess arterial stiffness. Results: The functional reach distance and maximal knee extension strength were significantly improved (p < 0.05). In the arterial function, CAVI was significantly improved after intervention (p < 0.05). ABI showed no fixed tendency. Conclusions: It was shown that an active interdisciplinary intervention might be effective in improving not only physical functions but also arterial stiffness. We need further studies incorporating more participants and a standard control group to determine the effect of interdisciplinary intervention.
The open capillary melting point has been adopted as a characteristic value of fats and waxes in some standards of testing materials such as A.O.C.S. Official Methods, JIS and J.P. In these standards ...some disagreements are found concerning the practical procedures of measurement and the sort of materials applicable. The authors studied the procedures and its applicability from the stand point of repeatability of the measurement. The materials used were hydrogenated tallow, hydrogenated castor oil, mink fat, cetanol, hydrogenated spermaceti, bees wax, candelilla wax, bleached montan wax, paraffin wax and ceresin. The repeatability has been determined from five replicated measurements with five capillaries and expressed as standard deviation. Under carefully controlled measuring conditions, it was observed that the repeatability depends primarily upon complexity of the chemical nature of the samples. It is quite conceivable that the open capillary melting point is applicable to rather limited sorts of materials when the repeatability of the measurement must be in the range of ±1°C.
We developed a new measurement method for the isometric knee extensor strength with a hand-held dynamometer (HHD). The purpose of this study was to assess the clinical utility of the new method by ...examining the interrater reliability between male and female rater, validity and simplicity. The subjects were 31 community-dwelling elderly people (9 male, 22 female, mean age 81.6±6.1 years) who were receiving a day-care rehabilitation program. Their isometric knee extensor strength were measured three times by this method and the belt method that fixed a HHD by a belt. The time to finish the measurement was recorded under the condition that the rater was masked. As a result, intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC), which represents interrater reliability between male and female rater, was 0.96. There were no significant differences in the measurement values between this method (male and female rater) and the belt method. ICCs of the belt method were 0.89 in male rater and 0.90 in female rater. The time to finish the measurement by this method was 2 minutes and 12 seconds (± 40 second) on average, which was significantly shorter than the belt method (p<0.05). From these results, the reliability, validity and simplicity for the frail elderly of this new method were considered acceptable.
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