Trade Logistics – the Gravity Model Approach Host, Alen; Pavlić Skender, Helga; Zaninović, Petra Adelajda
Zbornik radova Ekonomskog fakulteta u Rijeci,
01/2019, Volume:
37, Issue:
1
Journal Article
Peer reviewed
Open access
Over the past decade, a number of papers attempt to capture the decisive impact of trade facilitation on international trade. Since the emergence of trade liberalization and tarrif reduction, trade ...facilitation analysis has been put in the spotlight. Trade facilitation is defined as all measures that reduce trade costs other than lowering tariffs. Therefore, the aim of this paper is to empirically examine the impact of trade facilitation from the logistics perspective on international trade distinguishing between low, middle and high income importing countries. We used the augmented gravity model to estimate this relationship across 150 countries within the period 2007-2016. The Logistic Performance Index (LPI) created by the World Bank is used as a proxy variable for trade facilitation. The results of our analysis show that all used variables are significant and show the expected signs correspondingly to our hypotheses, suggesting that trade will increase with trade facilitation. The results also lead to the conclusion that exporter logistics performance seems to be more important than importer logistics performance. This paper supports the World Bank trade facilitation initiatives to assure lower trade costs as they serve as a barrier to enjoying the benefits of increased trade.
Abstract Background: The issue of graduates’ competencies is not a new one, but was brought back into the spotlight after the 2007-2008 Global Financial Crisis and the ensuing disturbances in the ...labour market. These disturbances were manifested through an increased unemployment rate, with a significant share of highly educated people. Objectives: This paper provides an insight into employers’ assessment of the importance and sufficiency of the competencies acquired by business and economics university bachelor graduates in Croatia. Methods/Approach: The methodology applied in this research includes the importance-performance analysis (IPA) that provides a two-dimensional importance-satisfaction grid. Data for the IPA analysis were collected by the structured questionnaire. Results: Results indicated that employers are satisfied with specific competencies (business and economic) and that the emphasis of business and economics higher education institutions (HEI) should be placed on generic competencies. Conclusions: Findings imply that mobility of highly educated people could be caused by the level and quality of specific competencies of bachelors with a degree from Croatian economics higher education institutions. Additionally, the conclusion of the conducted study indicates a need for implementation of student-oriented teaching methods, the introduction of obligatory internship, and introduction of courses oriented towards the development of generic competencies.
In this paper we investigate firm level activity in Croatian tourism industry. Our analysis is based on the sample of more than 10,000 firms obtained from Bureau van Dijk database for the period ...2006-2015. Theoretical basis of our paper is the Gibrat’s law, which states that firm size and growth rate are independent of each other. Within tourism industry, we differentiate between supporting divisions and the main industry division (accommodation industry), and test the Law on firms in supporting divisions using modified hybrid estimator. In that way, we add to the existing field of knowledge in two ways: through analysis and quantification of intra-industry links within the Law’s framework and by employing hybrid estimator originally developed by Mundlak, which is a novelty in this field of research. Although, our findings do not confirm the Law, we are able to discern supporting tourism industry divisions whose growth is highly determined by the growth of accommodation industry.
This paper estimates the gravity of bilateral trade in services at an aggregate level. The aim of the paper is to assess the effects of social and economic factors on the export of services. A large ...part of the trade-in services is directly or indirectly related to the tourism industry; therefore, the results of this research are mainly discussed from the perspective of the tourism industry. To achieve the paper's aim, we estimate the augmented gravity model on a sample of 5,359 trading partners from 2000 to 2018. We evaluate our model using the Poisson Pseudo Maximum Likelihood estimator. We include various fixed-effect dummies in our model to address the endogeneity issues. Our results show that standard gravity variables such as economic size and distance are significant for service trade. From the tourism industry perspective, it can be concluded that trade in tourism services is determined by the similarity in economic size, proximity, and common socio-economic factors such as common first language and shared religious beliefs. In contrast, common colonial history has no significant effects on service trade.
Komparativna prednost poslovnog subjekta u vrijeme današnje ekonomije definirana je intelektualnim kapitalom kojim svaki pojedini poslovni subjekt raspolaže. Osnovni cilj istraživanja je bio ...istražiti i dokazati međuzavisnost kvalitete upravljačkog kadra u poslovnom subjektu prema postizanju poslovne izvrsnosti. Naglasak se stavlja na razinu stručne spreme te adekvatno polje obrazovanja upravljačkog kadra u državnim i županijskim lučkim upravama. Metodama intervjuiranja i anketiranja istraživao se upravljački kadar - ravnatelji i predsjednici upravnih vijeća u 6 državnih lučkih uprava te 22 županijske lučke uprave. Rezultati pokazuju kako državne lučke uprave naspram županijskih prednjače u relevantnosti stručnih sprema upravljačkog kadra, što je odmah bilo primjetljivo u samom procesu istraživanja, gdje je prilikom same provedbe državni lučki kadar naspram županijskog shvatio važnost samog istraživanja i mogućnost napretka kroz dobivene smjernice. Moguće je zaključiti kako odgovarajućom stručnom spremom koja donosi odgovarajuća znanja i vještine, neovisno o spolu upravljačkog kadra, može se pospješiti uspješnost rada lučkih uprava.
In this paper we investigate firm level activity in Croatian tourism industry. Our analysis is based on the sample of more than 10,000 firms obtained from Bureau van Dijk database for the period ...2006-2015. Theoretical basis of our paper is the Gibrat's law, which states that firm size and growth rate are independent of each other. Within tourism industry, we differentiate between supporting divisions and the main industry division (accommodation industry), and test the Law on firms in supporting divisions using modified hybrid estimator. In that way, we add to the existing field of knowledge in two ways: through analysis and quantification of intra-industry links within the Law 's framework and by employing hybrid estimator originally developed by Mundlak, which is a novelty in this field of research. Although, our findings do not confirm the Law, we are able to discern supporting tourism industry divisions whose growth is highly determined by the growth of accommodation industry.
Komparativna prednost poslovnog subjekta u vrijeme današnje ekonomije definirana je intelektualnim kapitalom kojim svaki pojedini poslovni subjekt raspolaže. Osnovni cilj istraživanja je bio ...istražiti i dokazati meðuzavisnost kvalitete upravljačkog kadra u poslovnom subjektu prema postizanju poslovne izvrsnosti. Naglasak se stavlja na razinu stručne spreme te adekvatno polje obrazovanja upravljačkog kadra u državnim i županijskim lučkim upravama. Metodama intervjuiranja i anketiranja istraživao se upravljački kadar - ravnatelji i predsjednici upravnih vijeća u 6 državnih lučkih uprava te 22 županijske lučke uprave. Rezultati pokazuju kako državne lučke uprave naspram županijskih prednjače u relevantnosti stručnih sprema upravljačkog kadra, što je odmah bilo primjetljivo u samom procesu istraživanja, gdje je prilikom same provedbe državni lučki kadar naspram županijskog shvatio važnost samog istraživanja i mogućnost napretka kroz dobivene smjernice. Moguće je zaključiti kako odgovarajućom stručnom spremom koja donosi odgovarajuća znanja i vještine, neovisno o spolu upravljačkog kadra, može se pospješiti uspješnost rada lučkih uprava.
Tijekom proteklog desetljeća, brojni su radovi pokušali istražiti odlučujući utjecaj olakšavanja trgovine, tzv. “trade facilitation”, na međunarodnu trgovinu. Od liberalizacije trgovine i smanjenja ...carina, drugi faktori koji olakšavaju trgovinu stavljeni su u prvi plan. Pod olakšavanjem trgovine smatraju se sve mjere koje smanjuju trgovinske troškove, a koji ne obuhvaćaju snižavanje carina. Stoga je cilj ovog istraživanja empirijski istražiti utjecaj faktora olakšavanja trgovine na međunarodnu trgovinu s aspekta logistike, uzimajući pritom u obzir scenarij u kojem su zemlje uvoznice zemlje niskog, srednjeg ili visokog dohotka. Kako bismo procijenili učinke faktora olakšavanja trgovine, u radu koristimo prošireni gravitacijski model na podacima za 150 zemalja svijeta u razdoblju od 2007. do 2016. godine. Indeks logističkih performansi (LPI) koji izdaje Svjetska banka koristi se kao “proxy” varijabla za olakšavanje trgovine. Rezultati procjene pokazuju da su sve korištene varijable značajne i rezultati su u skladu s inicijalnom hipotezom, što upućuje na to da će se s olakšavanjem trgovine povećavati i međunarodna trgovina. Rezultati nas također dovode do zaključka da su logističke performanse izvoznika važnije od logističkih performansi uvoznika. Ovo istraživanje podupire smjernice Svjetske banke vezane uz potrebu ulaganja u olakšavanje trgovine kako bi se osigurali niži trgovinski troškovi koji predstavljaju prepreku povećanju međunarodne trgovine.
The EU Cohesion policy is based on a complex system of fiscal transfers, their main goal being to accelerate economic and social cohesion. In this paper, the contributions of the Structural funds and ...Cohesion fund (SFCF) to economic growth on national level while controlling for the institutional quality are tested. Aim of the paper is show whether institutional quality is a bottleneck for effective usage of SFCF. The analysis is based on the country-level data during 2000-2013 period. In the presented econometric models, we emphasize the importance of the institutional quality on the economic growth. The results show that when Institutional Quality Indicator as a regressor is included together with the size of inflows from SFCF, SFCF inflows have no influence on economic growth. Moreover, we found that neither the institutional quality separately or in interaction with SFCF inflows, is a statistically significant factor for economic growth in the EU-27. The results are signifincantly different when we apply the same methodology on two subsamples, where we distinguish between countries with high and low level of institutional quality index.
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