Cell cycle regulation is orchestrated by a complex network of interactions between proteins, enzymes, cytokines, and cell cycle signaling pathways, and is vital for cell proliferation, growth, and ...repair. The occurrence, development, and metastasis of tumors are closely related to the cell cycle. Cell cycle regulation can be synergistic with chemotherapy in two aspects: inhibition or promotion. The sensitivity of tumor cells to chemotherapeutic drugs can be improved with the cooperation of cell cycle regulation strategies. This review presented the mechanism of the commonly used chemotherapeutic drugs and the effect of the cell cycle on tumorigenesis and development, and the interaction between chemotherapy and cell cycle regulation in cancer treatment was briefly introduced. The current collaborative strategies of chemotherapy and cell cycle regulation are discussed in detail. Finally, we outline the challenges and perspectives about the improvement of combination strategies for cancer therapy.
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•Phytoremediation of livestock wastewater is a sustainable management method.•Livestock wastewater contains a great deal of high levels of poisonous pollutants.•Livestock wastewater ...possesses significant detriment to the environment and humans.•Pollutants removed by plants from livestock wastewater involved multifold mechanisms.•Gene-editing plants are promising perspectives for livestock wastewater treatment.
Phytoremediation, the application of vegetation and microorganisms for recovery of nutrients and decontamination of the environment, has emerged as a low-cost, eco-friendly, and sustainable approach compared to traditional biological and physico-chemical processes. Livestock wastewater is one of the most severe pollution sources to the environment and water resources. When properly handled, livestock wastewater could be an important alternative water resource in water-scarce regions. This review discussed the characteristics and hazards of different types of livestock wastewater and available methods for the treatment. Meanwhile, the current status of investigations on phytoremediation of livestock wastewater via different hydrophyte systems such as microalgae, duckweed, water hyacinth, constructed wetlands, and other hydrophytes is reviewed, and the utilization of hydrophytes after management is also discussed. Furthermore, advantages and limitations on livestock wastewater management via phytotechnologies are emphasized. At last, future research needs are also proposed.
Metasomatic alteration of fluorapatite has been reported in several iron-oxide apatite (IOA) deposits, but its effect on elemental and isotopic variations has not been well understood. In this study, ...we present integrated elemental, U-Pb, Sr, and O isotopic microanalytical data on fresh and altered domains in fluorapatite from the Taocun IOA deposit, Eastern China, to evaluate the timing and nature of the metasomatism and its effects on the ore-forming event. Orebodies of the Taocun deposit are spatially associated with a subvolcanic, intermediate intrusion, which displays zonal alteration patterns with albite in the center and increasing actinolite, chlorite, epidote, and carbonate toward the margin. Both disseminated and vein-type ores are present in the Taocun deposit, and fluorapatite commonly occurs with magnetite and actinolite in most ores. Fluorapatite grains from the both types of ores have been variably metasomatized through a coupled dissolution-reprecipitation mechanism. Many trace elements, including Na, Cl, S, Si, Mg, Sr, U, Th, and (REEs+Y), were variably leached from the fluorapatite grains during this process and the Sr and O isotopic signatures of the grains were also modified. The altered fluorapatite grains/domains have in situ 87Sr/86Sr ratios (0.70829-0.70971) slightly higher than those of the fresh fluorapatite (0.70777-0.70868), and δ18O values (-3.0 to +3.4 ppm) variably lower than the primary domains (+5.3 to +7.5 ppm). The Sr and O isotopes of the primary fluorapatite are consistent with or slightly higher than those of the ore-hosting intrusion, implying that the early-stage, ore-forming fluids were magmatic in origin but underwent weak interaction with the country rocks. U-Pb dating of the fresh and altered domains of the fluorapatite yielded indistinguishable ages of ∼131 Ma, which are the same as the age of the ore-hosting intrusion. In combination with fluid inclusion data, we propose that the metasomatism of fluorapatite was induced by hydrothermal fluids at a late stage of the ore-forming event. The shifts to higher 87Sr/86Sr ratios and lower δ18O values in the altered fluorapatite indicate that the alteration was induced by fluids with more radioactive Sr and lighter O isotope signatures. The metasomatic fluids were likely dominated by meteoric waters that were mixed with the earlier magmatic fluids and interacted with sedimentary rocks. Our study highlights that elemental and isotopic compositions of fluorapatite can be significantly modified by hydrothermal fluids during ore-forming events. Thus, instead of traditional bulk-rock analysis, in situ microanalysis is important to provide accurate constraints on the magmatic and/or hydrothermal evolution of complex ore-forming systems.
With the increasing research and development (R&D) difficulty of new molecular entities (NMEs), novel drug delivery systems (DDSs) are attracting widespread attention. This review investigated the ...current distribution of Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved pharmaceutical products and evaluated the technical barrier for the entry of generic drugs and highlighted the success and failure of advanced drug delivery systems. According to the ratio of generic to new drugs and the four-quadrant classification scheme for evaluating the commercialization potential of DDSs, the results showed that the traditional dosage forms (e.g., conventional tablets, capsules and injections) with a lower technology barrier were easier to reproduce, while advanced drug delivery systems (e.g., inhalations and nanomedicines) with highly technical barriers had less competition and greater market potential. Our study provides a comprehensive insight into FDA-approved products and deep analysis of the technical barriers for advanced drug delivery systems. In the future, the R&D of new molecular entities may combine advanced delivery technologies to make drug candidates into more therapeutically effective formulations.
Novel multiband and broadband wireless power transfer (WPT) systems based on conformal strongly coupled magnetic resonance (CSCMR) are presented in this paper. An analytical model for CSCMR systems ...is developed in order to study their performance. Optimal multiband and broadband CSCMR systems are designed and their performance is validated using simulations and measurements. A broadband CSCMR system, which exhibits seven times broader bandwidth than conventional SCMR and CSCMR systems operating at the same frequency, is designed and prototyped.
Emulsion systems are widely applied in food industry. Several methods have been used for emulsion preparation. Among these methods, high intensity ultrasound (HIU) has attracted much attention ...because it is considered as an eco-friendly and cost-effective method. The acoustic cavitation phenomenon induced by HIU devices can boost the disruption of oil droplets, facilitating the formation of stable emulsions.
This review briefly discusses the major differences between different emulsification devices and the mechanism of ultrasound emulsification process. In addition, emulsion preparation using different emulsifiers such as proteins, polysaccharides and surfactants has been covered in this review. The challenges and future trends of ultrasonic emulsification have also been discussed.
HIU could be used to improve the emulsifying properties of food emulsifiers such as proteins and polysaccharides and enhance the stability of their emulsions. Protein-polysaccharide complex stabilized emulsions produced by HIU showed better stability against environmental stresses than the emulsions stabilized by individual components. Moreover, several studies showed that HIU homogenizers were more energy efficient than high pressure homogenizers and microfluidizers. However, research cooperation between academic institutes and food companies is recommended to develop effective large scale ultrasonic devices.
•The main differences between various emulsification devices are discussed.•The mechanism of ultrasonic emulsification is discussed.•Sonication parameters influenced the physicochemical properties of emulsions.•Emulsion production using ultrasound and various emulsifiers is discussed.•The challenges and future trends of ultrasonic emulsification are discussed.
Precast construction has great potential for driving innovations in clean, safe, high-efficient construction methods in the industry. However, current precast supply chain management often faces ...challenges such as fragmentation, poor traceability, and lack of real-time information. To address these challenges, this study builds a novel blockchain-based information management framework for a precast supply chain, which extends the applications of blockchain in the domain of construction supply chains. In this study, a blockchain framework and its development processes are presented in detail, and algorithms for smart contracts are developed for the model implementation. Finally, the performance of this framework is validated with a case study in which a visualization system is presented to achieve (1) information sharing management, (2) real-time control of scheduling, and (3) information traceability. The results suggest that the proposed framework facilitates the on-time delivery of precast components (PCs) and tracks the reasons for disputes centered on PCs in the precast supply chain.
•A blockchain-based information management framework for precast supply chain is proposed.•The development of BIMF-PSC model and algorithms for smart contract are presented.•Achieving the automated information sharing, traceability and transparency in the precast supply chain.•One of the first to extend the applications of blockchain in the domain of construction supply chain.
Organometallic halide perovskite films with good surface morphology and large grain size are desirable for obtaining high‐performance photovoltaic devices. However, defects and related trap sites are ...generated inevitably at grain boundaries and on surfaces of solution‐processed polycrystalline perovskite films. Seeking facial and efficient methods to passivate the perovskite film for minimizing defect density is necessary for further improving the photovoltaic performance. Here, a convenient strategy is developed to improve perovskite crystallization by incorporating a 2D polymeric material of graphitic carbon nitride (g‐C3N4) into the perovskite layer. The addition of g‐C3N4 results in improved crystalline quality of perovskite film with large grain size by retarding the crystallization rate, and reduced intrinsic defect density by passivating charge recombination centers around the grain boundaries. In addition, g‐C3N4 doping increases the film conductivity of perovskite layer, which is beneficial for charge transport in perovskite light‐absorption layer. Consequently, a champion device with a maximum power conversion efficiency of 19.49% is approached owing to a remarkable improvement in fill factor from 0.65 to 0.74. This finding demonstrates a simple method to passivate the perovskite film by controlling the crystallization and reducing the defect density.
Graphitic carbon nitride (g‐C3N4) is incorporated into the perovskite precursor solution to modify the perovskite film by controlling the perovskite crystallization, reducing the intrinsic defect density, and improving the film conductivity. As a result, a champion device with a maximum power conversion efficiency of 19.49% is approached.
Battery-supercapacitor hybrid (BSH) device is one of the most promising candidates for next advanced energy storage systems because it can bridge the performance gap between lithium ion batteries and ...conventional capacitors. Herein, we report a novel porous core-shell structured Fe2O3@Fe3C@C nanochains and urchin-like Ni–Co carbonate hydroxide hybridized (denoted as NiCo–CHH) microspheres for advanced battery-type supercapacitors. The as-obtained Fe2O3@Fe3C@C anode shows high specific capacity (611 C g−1) and good rate capability. The fabricated NiCo–CHH cathode delivers high specific capacity (814 C g−1) and excellent cycling stability. When assembled into a battery-type supercapacitor, the NiCo–CHH//Fe2O3@Fe3C@C device delivers a high energy density (95.2 Wh kg−1) and excellent cycling stability. Moreover, In situ Raman spectroscopy proves the reversibility of the NiCo–CHH electrode, and the synergistic effects of Ni and Co ions, further revealing its energy storage mechanism. These findings provide a novel insight on high-performance battery-type supercapacitors.
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•The Fe2O3@Fe3C@C nanochains are successfully constructed, exhibiting high capacity.•The NiCo–CHH electrode exhibits outstanding electrochemical performance.•The charge storage behaviour of NiCo–CHH is probed by in situ Raman spectroscopy.•The battery-type supercapacitor demonstrates high energy storage capability.
A traditional strongly coupled magnetic resonance (SCMR) system is highly sensitive to the alignment between the transmitter and receiver elements, which is an issue that has limited their ...applicability in practical wireless power transfer systems. This paper proposes, for the first time, a novel set of SCMR-based topologies that are less sensitive to misalignment while providing large wireless powering efficiencies. Specifically, instead of using planar coils for the transmitter and the receiver, we connect two orthogonal coils together into a 3-D model to provide misalignment insensitivity. Three SCMR systems (standard SCMR, conformal SCMR, and hybrid SCMR systems) are studied and compared to the proposed 3-D SCMR system in terms of angular azimuth, angular elevation, and lateral misalignment. Also, the ranges of these SCMR systems are compared. It is shown that the proposed misalignment system achieves above 40% efficiency for the entire range of 360° of angular misalignment. Also, our results show that the proposed misalignment system provides longer range.
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