We demonstrate concepts and results of a field trial for a flexible-rate passive optical network (FLCS-PON), which delivers bitrates up to 100 Gbit/s and allows for adaptations in the transmission ...method to match the users' channel conditions and optimize throughput. FLCS-PON builds on top of the hardware ecosystem that will be developed for ITU-T 50 Gbit/s PON and employs three new ingredients: optical network unit (ONU) grouping, flexible modulation format, and flexible forward error correction (FEC) code rate. Together, these techniques take advantage of the optical distribution network (ODN) statistics to realize a system capable of more than twofold throughput increase compared to the upcoming 50 Gbit/s PON, but still able to support a full array of deployed fiber edge cases, which are problematic for legacy PONs. In this paper we explain the concepts behind enabling techniques of FLCS-PON. We then report on a field trial over a deployed fiber infrastructure, using a system consisting of one FLCS-PON OLT and two ONUs. We report both pre- and post-forward-error-correction (post-FEC) performance of our system, demonstrating achievable net bitrate over an operator's fiber infrastructure. We realize a downlink transmission at double the speed of ITU-T 50 Gbit/s PON for ONUs exhibiting lower optical path loss (OPL), while simultaneously continue to support ONUs at high OPLs. We additionally realize a record-high 31.5 dB loss budget for 100 Gbit/s transmission using a direct-detection ONU with an optical preamplifier.
We introduce transmission system independent infrastructure monitoring capabilities for optical access networks to monitor status, availability and connectivity of ODN splitters and endpoints. A ...Field Trial at municipal utilities Sindelfingen/Germany demonstrates full operation on deployed field fibers.
We completed world's first field trial of FLCS-PON, which delivers bitrates up to 100 Gbit/s and allows for flexible line and code rate to match users' channel conditions and optimize throughput. ...Using FLCS-PON, we demonstrated a record-high 31.5dB loss budget for 100 Gbit/s preamplifier-direct-detection ONU.
Three series of ABC heteroarm star terpolymers with arms of polystyrene (S), polybutadiene (B) and poly(2‐vinylpyridine) (V) were synthesized anionically using non‐homopolymerizable macromonomers ...functionalized with a terminal 1,1‐diphenylethylene unit. Ultrathin samples from solution cast films were stained with OsO4, CH3I or I2 and studied by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The morphologies found include dense packings of cylinders with tetragonal or distorted hexagonal order, two hexagonal morphologies with V cylinders surrounded by six B and six S cylinders, where S and V switch places depending on the polymer composition, lamellae of V and S with B cylinders in the S lamella and smooth lamellae of all components. Some polymers were also characterized by small angle X‐ray scattering (SAXS).
The existence of the core−shell double gyroid morphology is proven by transmission electron microscopy and computer simulation for a linear SBV triblock copolymer and a SBV heteroarm star terpolymer, ...where S is polystyrene, B is poly(1,2-butadiene), and V is poly(2-vinylpyridine).
