Managing a bleeding patient can be a challenge during dental surgery. Profuse hemorrhage due to platelet defects, coagulation disorders, vascular anomalies, medication-induced patients, as well as ...inherited bleeding ailments result in soft tissue hematoma, septic shock, compromised airway, and in some severe cases, death could occur. A vast array of surgical hemostatic agents are available to stop bleeding, including chitosan-based hemostatic agents. Chitosan has an advantage over other topical hemostatic materials for its ability to promote shorter bleeding times and assist in healing. Massive behind-the-scene research and development efforts are ongoing to increase the performance of chitosan as a hemostatic agent. Numerous studies on chitosan use in dental hemostasis have registered it as being safe, biodegradable, biocompatible, promoting healing, antimicrobial and bioactive. This article reviews the application of chitosan in managing hemostasis in dental patients.
Undergraduate (UG) research is considered as an essential part of dental education. Numerous dental schools have included required course-based undergraduate research in their curricula. However, the ...implementation of UG research courses in the curriculum may vary between dental schools. In the present study, we aimed to evaluate student perspectives on UG research in the curriculum of Indonesian dental schools. A total of 203 participants from 10 dental schools returned the questionnaire. The participants were clinical students of the dentistry profession program who completed their undergraduate dentistry program from 2017 to 2022. The majority of study participants favored UG research in the curriculum of the undergraduate dentistry study program. Less than 20% participants perceived UG research experiments were not important in dental education. Factors that influenced these perceptions included the availability of adequate time to complete the course and sufficient support from research supervisors. Recommendations for improvement included providing an adequate time to complete UG research and adequate supervision to guide students to understand the conceptual background information of the research topics, designs, and scientific communication of data interpretation. Regular monitoring of students’ performance and progress would ensure completion of UG research courses in a timely manner. In conclusion, although UG research as a compulsory course in the Indonesian dental curriculum was well received by the students, overcoming the challenges is essential for the improvement of the research environment for undergraduate dental students.
Abstract
Background
Oral histology is perceived by dental students as a challenging subject and often struggle to recognize the long-term relevance of understanding the cells and tissues at the ...microscopic level. Serious games have been reported to have a positive effect on student cognitive skills and learning motivation. However, there is still a limited amount of research supporting the effectiveness of serious games as a learning method in dentistry. The present study aimed to evaluate the impact of serious game of
HistoRM
as a complementary learning strategy for oral histology.
Methods
The study design was a crossover randomized controlled trial. A total of 74 first year dental students of Universitas Indonesia participated in the study and divided into 2 groups. Study intervention included
HistoRM
game for 3 days followed by a combination of
HistoRM
and script-based handouts for another 4 days. The groups represented different intervention sequences. Evaluation was performed using pre-test, post-test on day 3 and 7 and a questionnaire.
Results
The data showed significant improvement of student cognitive skills (p < 0.001) and it was influenced by the number of game missions completed. Students who completed the whole 15 missions have a higher day-7 post-tests scores (p = 0.03). Perception of dental students on
HistoRM
was positive in all domains tested, the learning content, games and learning experience domains. Immediate feedback given after each gameplay helped the students understand the subject matters.
Conclusion
Serious game of
HistoRM
effectively improved students’ understanding of oral histology learning outcome and provided more interesting learning experiences. This innovative learning can be recommended as a complementary learning strategy of oral histology for dental students.
A total of 116 metabolites of Caulerpa racemosa were identified. However, only three (DHA, EPA, and EPAS) were found to have high anti-inflammatory potential, with Pa scores ranging from 0.764 to ...0,827. The inhibition constant (Ki) and binding energy interactions with COX-2 revealed by DHA (−8.83 kcal/mol: 0.338 μM), EPA (−8.35 kcal/mol: 0.763 μM), EPAS (−8.05 kcal/mol: 1.25 μM). They were used to bind to the fundamental residues of COX-2 (TYR 348, VAL 349, LEU 384, TYR 385, and TRP 387). The result of molecular dynamics showed that DHA, EPA, and EPAS had high stability while interacting with COX-2 in 310 K. The stabilities were 1.8 Å for DHA from 60 Ns to 200 Ns, 2.0 Å for EPA from 75 Ns to 200 Ns, and 2.2 Å for EPAS from 100 Ns to 200 Ns. Additionally, the potential energy of DHA (−1.069.250 eV) was higher compared with that of EPA (−1.069.247 eV) and EPAS (−1.069.220 eV). This data shows that DHA, EPA, and EPAS could stably inhibit COX-2 by blocking the transcriptional regulation of COX-2 via TYR348, VAL349, LEU384, TYR385, and TRP387.
This study examined the efficacy of fruit hull extracts of Garcinia mangostanaL., in conserving bone structure against LPS-induced bone destruction. Bone destruction was established by injecting mice ...calvarial bone with LPS. We then treated the LPS-infected calvarial bone with Garcinia mangostana L. extract and alpha-mangostin, respectively, and examined the bone destruction level and osteoclast number after 5 days. The results showed the significant reduction of bone destruction in Garcinia mangostanaL. extract-treated group and in alpha-mangostin treated group. Furthermore, the osteoclast surface area in all treated groups were also significantly reduced. The group treated with Garcinia mangostana L. extract showed the best result in preventing bone destruction compared to the alpha mangostin treated group. Our results demonstrated the therapeutic effect of Garcinia mangostana L. extract as the traditional medicaments against the exuberant osteoclast resorbing activity that hence has the potential to preserved bone quality. Our results demonstrated the therapeutic effect of Garcinia mangostanaL. extract as the traditional medicaments against the exuberant osteoclast resorbing activity that hence has the potential to preserved bone quality.
Expression of Sox genes in tooth development Kawasaki, Katsushige; Kawasaki, Maiko; Watanabe, Momoko ...
The International journal of developmental biology,
2015, Volume:
59, Issue:
10-12
Journal Article
Peer reviewed
Open access
Members of the Sox gene family play roles in many biological processes including organogenesis. We carried out comparative in situ hybridization analysis of seventeen sox genes (Sox1-14, 17, 18, 21) ...during murine odontogenesis from the epithelial thickening to the cytodifferentiation stages. Localized expression of five Sox genes (Sox6, 9, 13, 14 and 21) was observed in tooth bud epithelium. Sox13 showed restricted expression in the primary enamel knots. At the early bell stage, three Sox genes (Sox8, 11, 17 and 21) were expressed in pre-ameloblasts, whereas two others (Sox5 and 18) showed expression in odontoblasts. Sox genes thus showed a dynamic spatio-temporal expression during tooth development.
Background: Enterococcus faecalis (E. faecalis) and Porphyromonas gingivalis (P. gingivalis) are oral bacteria related to root canal infection and periodontal disease pathogenesis. Strawberries ...(Fragaria x ananassa) fruit are rich in vitamins and minerals, have antibacterial and antioxidant effects. Objective: This study investigated the inhibition effect of strawberry extract on monospecies and multispecies E. faecalis and P. gingivalis bacteria grown as biofilms in vitro. Methods: This study used E. faecalis ATCC 29212 and P. gingivalis ATCC 33277. It analyzed the effect of strawberry extract on bacteria biofilm formation using a biofilm assay on microplate wells. Five concentrations of strawberry extracts were used (100%, 50%, 25%, 12.5%, and 6.25%), and the inhibition effect was observed after a 1h, 3h, 6h, and 24h incubation period. Biofilms without the strawberry extract were used as the negative controls, and crystal violet and safranin (0.5%w/v) were used to count the biofilm mass. The biofilms grown on microplates were counted using an ELISA reader at 450 nm after 200 mL of 90% ethanol was added to attract the absorbed stain. The strawberry extract inhibition effectiveness on the biofilm formation of each bacterium tested was analyzed using one-way Anova, where p<0.05 was defined as a significant difference. Result: The strawberry extract inhibited the tested monospecies and multispecies bacteria biofilm formation. The optimal strawberry extract concentration for the inhibition of either monospecies biofilms was 100%. However, the optimal incubation time for the strawberry extract to inhibit the multispecies biofilm formation was 24h, which was the study’s biofilm maturity phase. Conclusions: The 100% strawberry extract concentration inhibited the formation of both the monospecies and multispecies E. faecalis and P. gingivalis biofilms. Future studies are needed to evaluate the potential of strawberry extract as an alternative dental therapy.
► Noxa is highly induced by RANKL during osteoclast maturation. ► Noxa-deficient mice exhibit an osteoporotic phenotype. ► Noxa deficiency results in an increased number of osteoclasts with normal ...activity. ► Noxa plays a key role in rapid osteoclast apoptosis. ► Noxa overexpression ameliorated inflammation-induced bone loss.
Bone homeostasis is maintained by a dynamic balance between bone resorption by osteoclasts and bone formation by osteoblasts. Since excessive osteoclast activity is implicated in pathological bone resorption, understanding the mechanism underlying osteoclast differentiation, function and survival is of both scientific and clinical importance. Osteoclasts are monocyte/macrophage lineage cells with a short life span that undergo rapid apoptosis, the rate of which critically determines the level of bone resorption
in vivo. However, the molecular basis of rapid osteoclast apoptosis remains obscure. Here we report the role of a BH3-only protein, Noxa (encoded by the
Pmaip1 gene), in bone homeostasis using Noxa-deficient mice. Among the Bcl-2 family members, Noxa was selectively induced during osteoclastogenesis. Mice lacking Noxa exhibit a severe osteoporotic phenotype due to an increased number of osteoclasts. Noxa deficiency did not have any effect on the number of osteoclast precursor cells or the expression of osteoclast-specific genes, but led to a prolonged survival of osteoclasts. Furthermore, adenovirus-mediated Noxa overexpression remarkably reduced bone loss in a model of inflammation-induced bone destruction. This study reveals Noxa to be a crucial regulator of osteoclast apoptosis, and may provide a molecular basis for a new therapeutic approach to bone diseases.
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