The present study evaluated the effects of (–)-loliolide isolated from Sargassum horneri (S. horneri) against oxidative stress and inflammation, and its biological mechanism in interferon ...(IFN)-γ/tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α-stimulated HaCaT keratinocytes. The results showed that (–)-loliolide improved the cell viability by reducing the production of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) in IFN-γ/TNF-α-stimulated HaCaT keratinocytes. In addition, (–)-loliolide effectively decreased the expression of inflammatory cytokines (interleukin (IL)-4 IL-6, IL-13, IFN-γ and TNF-α) and chemokines (CCL11 (Eotaxin), macrophage-derived chemokine (MDC), regulated on activation, normal T cell expressed and secreted (RANTES), and thymus and activation-regulated chemokine (TARC)), by downregulating the expression of epidermal-derived initial cytokines (IL-25, IL-33 and thymic stromal lymphopoietin (TSLP)). Furthermore, (–)-loliolide suppressed the activation of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) signaling, whereas it activated nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2)/heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) signaling. Interestingly, the cytoprotective effects of (–)-loliolide against IFN-γ/TNF-α stimulation were significantly blocked upon inhibition of HO-1. Taken together, these results suggest that (–)-loliolide effectively suppressed the oxidative stress and inflammation by activating the Nrf2/HO-1 signaling in IFN-γ/TNF-α-stimulated HaCaT keratinocytes.
Increased oceanic temperature due to climatic change is gradually decreasing the production rates of Pyropia yezoensis in South Korea, which accounts for 50 % of the global supply. This study ...demonstrates the antioxidant property of a newly developed edible marine red algae, heat-resistant P. yezoensis (HrP). The water extract of HrP displayed a notably higher reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging effect on DPPH, alkyl, hydroxyl radicals, and H2O2 than the commercial P. yezoensis water extract. To increase the radical scavenging ability of HrP, it was enzymatically hydrolyzed using seven enzymes (Alcalase, Celluclast, Flavourzyme, Neutrase, Protamex, Ultraflo, and Viscozyme). These enzymes-assisted HrP hydrolysates (EHrPs) were evaluated for their free radical scavenging activity. Among them, Neutrase-assisted HrP hydrolysate (NHrP), containing the highest protein content, showed a significant protective effect against H2O2-induced cytotoxicity in Vero cells. The 10 kDa molecular weight cut-off fractionation of NHrP revealed that the filtered fraction (10B; ≤10 kDa) was superior to the unfiltered fraction (10A; >10 kDa) in antioxidant activity. The characterization of the three fractions indicated that the high radical scavenging function mainly depends on the level of proteins. Moreover, 10B treatment ameliorated H2O2-induced oxidative stress in Vero cells and zebrafish embryos (increased survival percentage, and decreased cell death and ROS formation). These data suggest that HrP might be a potential antioxidant for nutraceutical industries.
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•Increasing ocean temperature by climatic change decreases Pyropia yezoensis outputs.•HrP developed in South Korea was superior to the CP in antioxidant effect in vitro.•The maximized antioxidant effect of HrP was found in Neutrase-assisted hydrolysis.•The low-molecularized NHrP: 10B showed best ROS reducing role in vitro & in vivo.•A correlation for high-antioxidant was found in higher protein & low-molecular size.
There is a growing interest in the health benefits of functional foods. A benefit that has been long sought is the control of hypertension through dietary approaches. Hypertension has been implicated ...as a risk factor for cardiovascular disease and is therefore of clinical significance. Here, we aim to demonstrate the antihypertensive activity of novel peptides derived from surimi, a functional food ingredient made from refined fish myofibrillar proteins. Three peptides, Ile-Val-Asp-Arg (IVDR), Trp-Tyr-Lys (WYK), and Val-Ala-Ser-Val-Ile (VASVI), were isolated from surimi made from the olive flounder (
). Our results show that IVDR, WYK, and VASVI exhibited high Angiotensin I-converting Enzyme (ACE) inhibition activity. These peptides are also shown to increase phosphorylation of protein kinase B (Akt) and endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS), and significantly promote nitric oxide (NO) production in human umbilical vein endothelial cells. Oral administration of the peptides decreased blood pressure in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs), thereby confirming that the peptides derived from surimi perform antihypertensive activity via the Akt/eNOS pathway. These results indicate that surimi made from
contains novel antihypertensive peptides that could be used to enhance the health benefits of food ingredients.
Sargassum horneri, a type of brown seaweed, has become popular in Korea over the past few years due to its massive influx from China. The present study is implemented towards developing methods for ...sustainable use of S. horneri biomass. Methanol extracts of S. horneri China (MSC) strain were investigated in order to isolate their bioactive natural products. Extracts were fractionated by solvent partitioning, high-performance centrifugal partition chromatography (HPCPC), and preparative high-performance liquid chromatography (prep-HPLC). Three norisoprenoids ((-)-loliolide, 3-hydroxy-5,6-epoxy-β-ionone (HEBI), and apo-9′-fucoxanthinone) were isolated from chloroform fractions of MSC, and their structures were elucidated by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. Solvent conditions for the HPCPC separation were optimized as hexane, ethyl acetate, methanol, and water in a ratio of 5:5:5:5. The isolated compounds displayed potential anti-inflammatory properties in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced RAW 264.7 macrophages. For the first time, the three compounds reported herein were isolated from S. horneri. With further studies, S. horneri-derived extracts and natural products could be developed as cosmetics and/or functional food materials.
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•Sargassum horneri is an edible brown seaweed with bioactive properties.•Centrifugal partition chromatography (HPCPC) is an effective approach to isolate norisoprenoids compounds from S. horneri.•Norisoprenoids compounds showed good anti-inflammatory activity in Raw 264.7 macrophage cells.•Norisprenoids compounds are beneficial materials for functional foods and pharmaceuticals.
Cyclic imines (CIs) produced by microalgal species that accumulate in the food chains of marine organisms are novel biotoxins that do not belong to the classic group of marine biotoxins. In the past, ...CIs were found only in limited areas; however, in recent years, rapid changes in marine ecosystems have led to widespread CIs and increased exposure to toxic risks. In this study, we analyzed seven CI toxins, GYM-A, SPX (13-desmethyl spirolide C, 13, 19-dideMe spirolide C, 20-methyl spirolide G), and PnTX-E, F, and G, using LC/MRM-MS. Shellfish samples were purchased from a domestic Korean fish market (67 samples in 2021 and 216 samples in 2022). The entire body of the shellfish was ground and extracted with 50% methanol, followed by lipophilic-specific SPE. Only GYM-A, PnTX-G, and 13-desmethyl spirolide C were detected in all analyzed samples. The maximum concentrations of GYM-A is maximum 179 ppt (ng/kg) in
Crassostrea nippona
(March 2022), PnTX-G is maximum 7 ppt in
Anadara broughtonii
(April 2022), 13-desmethyl SPX C is maximum 58 ppt in
Crassostrea nippona
(April 2022). The southern coast exhibited the highest frequency of detection of these toxins, which was attributed to elevated sea-surface temperatures, aligned with conducive conditions for toxin-producing phytoplankton. According to the monitoring results, there were no significant CI toxins in the shellfish; however, it is important to monitor CI toxin accumulation in shellfish because of their high risk of toxicity.
Enzyme-assisted hydrolysis is frequently used as a cost-effective and efficient method to obtain functional ingredients from bioresources. This study involved the enzyme-assisted hydrolyzation and ...purification of fucoidan from Ecklonia maxima stipe and the investigation of its anti-inflammatory activity in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced RAW 264.7 cells. Fucoidans of Viscozyme-assisted hydrolysate from E. maxima (EMSFs) harvested in Jeju, Korea. Structural and chemical characterizations were performed using fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscope, and monosaccharide analysis. Among fucoidans, EMSF6 was rich in fucose and sulfate and had a similar structural character to commercial fucoidan. EMSF6 showed a strong inhibitory effect on nitric oxide generation in LPS-induced RAW 264.7 cells and significantly decreased the production of LPS-induced pro-inflammatory cytokines, including interleukin-6, interleukin-1β, and tumor necrosis factor α. The anti-inflammatory potential of EMSF6 was mediated through the downregulation of inducible nitric oxide synthase and cyclooxygenase-2 expression. Thus, fucoidans from E. maxima stipe are promising candidates for functional food products.
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