Background:
Patients with high‐grade transitional‐cell carcinoma (TCC) of the bladder frequently experience recurrence and progress and have a low response rate to chemotherapy in metastatic TCC. ...In this study, we evaluated the feasibility and long‐term efficacy of suicide‐gene therapy using adenovirus (Ad)‐mediated herpes simplex virus thymidine kinase gene (HSV‐TK) and prodrug ganciclovir (GCV) as a potential therapeutic approach in murine‐orthotopic models of TCC.
Methods:
A replication defective adenoviral vectors containing toxic HSV‐TK gene under the transcriptional control of RSV (Rous sarcoma virus) promoter (Ad‐RSV‐TK) was used. Orthotopic bladder TCC was established with 1 × 106 murine (MBT‐2) TCC cells in syngenic C3H/He female mice. Intratumoral injection of Ad‐RSV‐TK in combination with GCV (20 mg/kg body weight/day i.p. b.i.d. × 7 days) was administered in vivo for the determination of treatment efficacy and long‐term host survival in separate controlled experiments.
Results:
In vivo experiments demonstrated greater than three‐fold reductions in MBT‐2 tumor growth for the animals treated with Ad‐RSV‐TK (5 × 108 plaque forming units (pfu)/GCV therapy (P < 0.01)). Central tumor necrosis and apoptosis were revealed by histomorphology and immunohistochemistry compared with other control animals (non‐treated, GCV alone, Ad‐RSV‐TK alone). Direct intratumoral injection with Ad‐RSV‐TK/GCV also resulted in significantly improved survival over the control groups in separated experiment (log–rank test, P < 0.05).
Conclusions:
Suicide‐gene therapy using Ad‐RSV‐TK/GCV provides an effective therapy in an experimental murine orthotopic bladder cancer by significantly inhibiting tumor growth and improving long‐term host survival.
To evaluate the feasibility and efficacy of performing laparoscopic renal cryoablation (LRC) for the treatment of RCC, as compared with open partial nephrectomy (OPN), which is the established NSS.
...From April 2004, among the patients who underwent LRC with a 1.47 mm cryoprobe, we enrolled 20 patients who were pathologically confirmed as having RCC with a tumor size smaller than 4 cm. These patients were matched with a group of 20 patients, who were selected based on the pre-operative characteristics of the tumor and those of the patients, from a pre-existing database of the patients who underwent OPN during the same period.
The mean age and tumor size were 56.3+/-11.5 years and 2.4+/-1.7 cm in the LRC group, and 57.6+/-10.9 years and 2.2+/-1.1 cm in the OPN group. The two groups were similar for their age, gender, BMI, ASA, the tumor characteristics and the indications for operation. While the pathologic results and the operation time showed similarity, the EBL (98+/-87 ml vs 351+/-147 ml, respectively, p=0.001), the transfusion rate (10% vs 40%, respectively, p=0.03) and the hospital stay (4.2+/-1.5 days vs 8.2+/-2.4 days, respectively, p=0.005) were significantly less in the LRC group. Major complications did not occur in the LRC group, but in the OPN group, one patient experienced urine leakage and one patient had a perirenal hematoma. During the mean follow up of 27.3+/-10.8 months and 28.7+/-14.9 months for each group, respectively, all the patients remained disease-free with no evidence of local recurrence or metastases.
LRC using ultra-thin cryoprobes for the treatment of small RCC showed similar effective oncologic results with the merits of minimal invasiveness, as compared with OPN, during the intermediate term follow up.
Background
: We performed this study to assess the efficacy of prostate‐specific antigen adjusted for the transition zone volume (PSATZ) and free‐to‐total prostate‐specific antigen (PSA) ratio (F/T ...ratio) in predicting prostate cancer in men with intermediate PSA levels of 4.1–10.0 ng/mL. Methods: Between March 1997 and September 1998, PSATZ was obtained from 67 patients who underwent ultrasonography guided systemic sextant biopsies and had a PSA of 4.1–10.0 ng/mL. PSATZ was compared with F/T ratio via receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves.
Results
: Of 67 patients, 22 (32.8%) had prostate cancer and 45 (67.2%) had benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) on pathologic examination. Mean PSA, PSA density, F/T ratio and PSATZ were 7.96 ± 2.01 ng/mL, 0.28 ± 0.14 ng/mL/cc, 0.10 ± 0.06 and 0.70 ± 0.28 ng/mL/cc in patients with prostate cancer and 6.39 ± 1.68 ng/mL, 0.16 ± 0.06 ng/mL/cc, 0.15 ± 0.05 and 0.29 ± 0.10 ng/mL/cc in patients with BPH, respectively. The ROC curve analysis demonstrated that PSATZ predicted the biopsy outcome significantly better than F/T ratio in all 67 patients (P < 0.01) and in a subset of 53 men with normal digital rectal examination (P < 0.01). With a cut‐off value of 0.35 ng/mL/cc, PSATZ had a sensitivity of 86% and a specificity of 89% for predicting prostate cancer.
Conclusions
: These results suggest that PSATZ and F/T ratio may be useful in diagnosing prostate cancer with intermediate levels of PSA. Prostate‐specific antigen adjusted for the transition zone volume is more accurate than F/T ratio in distinguishing benign prostatic disease from prostate cancer. But large prospective studies are required to assess the precise role of PSATZ and F/T ratio in early prostate cancer detection.
To evaluate the efficacy and safety of laparoscopic renal cryoablation (LRC) of small endophytic renal cell carcinoma, for which surgical treatment is technically difficult.
We enrolled patients with ...endophytic tumors from a prospectively collected database of 45 renal tumors in 39 patients who had undergone LRC from June 2005 to May 2009. An endophytic tumor was defined as less than 40% of the lesion extending off the surface of the kidney. We evaluated surgical and oncological outcomes.
Among the treated tumors, 17 tumors (37.8%) were defined as endophytic tumors and 15 tumors from 14 patients were confirmed as renal cell carcinoma (RCC) in the pathologic examination of the tissue biopsy that was conducted at the time of LRC. The mean American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) score of the whole patient group was 2.9 (range, 1-4), and 85.7% (12/14) of the patients had an ASA physical status score over 3. The mean tumor size was 2.8 cm (range, 1.7-3.7 cm). The layout of the cryoprobe was carefully planned preoperatively on the basis of radiologic evaluation in all tumors. Multiple cryoprobes (mean, 3.2; range, 2-5) were used. No major complications, including open surgical conversion and nephrectomy due to bleeding, occurred. No patient experienced clinical symptoms of collecting system injuries. During the mean follow-up of 32.6 months (range, 12-51 months), radiologic evidence of tumor recurrence was found in one patient (6.7% for RCC). With the exception of this patient, all other patients have remained free of recurrence or metastasis, as determined by periodic radiologic workups.
In this series of patients with intermediate-term follow-up, LRC for endophytic renal cell carcinoma showed acceptable oncological and surgical outcomes without sequelae in the collecting system.
We report a case of tuberous sclerosis associated with two histologically different renal cell carcinomas (RCCs) and multiple angiomyolipomas (AMLs) in the same kidney. A 43-year-old female was ...admitted to our hospital with left flank pain and a huge palpable mass in the left flank area. Abdominal computed tomography revealed two concurrent RCCs and multiple AMLs in the left kidney. Because of the clinical suspicion of RCC, the patient underwent left radical nephrectomy. On gross examination, the total size of the resected left kidney was 30.5×17×8 cm. Microscopically, the upper pole tumor features were consistent with chromophobe RCC and the midpole tumor was a clear-cell RCC. The multifocal masses in the remaining remnant parenchyma were AMLs. Six months after surgery, the patient is healthy without signs of tumor recurrence.
This study evaluated the synergistic effect of Allium sativum (AS) with suicide gene therapy for transitional cell carcinoma (TCC) of the bladder. Subcutaneous TCCs were established in syngeneic ...C3H/He mice with 1 × 105 MBT-2 cells. AS liquid extract was injected at the site of tumor transplantation on Day 1 for three weeks (Experiment I) and into the established tumors weekly for five weeks (Experiment II) in combination with or without gene therapy using a replication-defective adenoviral vector containing a herpes simplex virus thymidine kinase (HSV-TK) gene under the transcriptional control of Rous sarcoma virus (RSV) promoter (Ad-RSV-TK, 5 × 108 plaque-forming units) plus ganciclovir (20 mg/kg/day ip). AS demonstrated a statistically significant reduction in incidence of TCC (cumulative dose 25 mg of AS). Combination AS-suicide gene therapy significantly inhibited the tumor growth compared with the controls, which was evidenced by apoptosis on histomorphological and immunohistochemical studies. These results suggest that AS had a definite antitumor effect in inhibiting tumorigenesis and growth of TCC in a murine model. AS treatment combined with suicide gene therapy had significant additive antitumor effects on TCC and may provide a novel and effective treatment modality for TCC of the bladder.
집성재 단면구성에 따른 휨성능 평가 이전제; Lee Jeon Je; 김광모 ...
목재공학,
2003, Volume:
31, Issue:
5
Journal Article
Peer reviewed
Open access
In this paper, bending capacities of glulams with different configurations of cross-section were evaluated. These configurations included horizontal(BH), vertical(BVN), vertical with vertical plywood ...(BVV) and vertical combination of lamination with horizontal plywood(BVH). Full-scale bending tests were performed to investigate the effect of different section configurations on bending strength(MOR) and stiffness(MOE) of glulam. Compared with type BH, MOR of glulam with type BVN configuration was improved about 23%, which was considered to be caused by defect dispersion effect, while MOE of glulams with these two types of configurations were similar. Because MOE of plywood is generally smaller than that of solid wood laminar, MOE of type BVH glulam decreased about 15%, but in the case of type BVV glulam, MOR was improved without any reduction of MOE. The reason of this result could be undersood in the view of shear-reinforcement effect, which was verified from analysis of fracture mode. From the results of this study, it was concluded that bending capacity of glulam could be improved by proper section design, such as laminar arrangement and shear reinforcement. 본 연구에서는 몇 가지 새로운 집성재 단면구성 방법을 제안하고, 국산 낙엽송과 합판으로 제조된 집성재의 휨시험을 통해 단면 구성에 따른 집성재의 휨성능을 평가 비교하였다. 수평적층(BH), 수직적층(BVN), 수직으로 합판보강된 수직적층(BVV)과 수평으로 합판보강된 수직적층(BVH)의 총 네가지 형태의 단면구성 방법에 대하여 실험을 실시하였다. 파괴모드를 관찰하고, 실험을 통해 얻어진 하중-변형 곡선으로부터 MOR 및 MOE를 계산하여 이를 바탕으로 각 단면구성 방법의 휨성능 개선효과를 비교하였다. MOR의 경우에는 결함의 분산으로 인해 수직적층에서 수평적층에 비해 23% 정도의 개선효과를 얻을 수 있었으나, MOE의 경우에는 거의 유사한 값을 나타내었다. 수평으로 합판보강된 경우에는 상대적으로 휨성능이 약한 합판이 사용됨에 따라 MOE가 15% 정도 감소하였으나, 수직으로 합판보강된 경우에는 합판이 사용되었음에도 불구하고 MOE의 감소 없이 MOR이 개선되는 효과를 나타내었는데 이는 전단보강의 효과로 생각되며 이러한 효과를 파괴모드의 관찰을 통해서도 확인하였다. 이상의 결과로부터 집성보의 단면 구성시 라미나의 적절한 배치 및 전단보강 등을 통하여 전체적인 휨성능을 향상시킬 수 있음을 확인하였다.
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