Bone bruise is a common finding in acutely injured knee examined by magnetic resonance (MR). The aim of the study was to determine the association of bone bruise frequency with postinjury lesions of ...anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) and menisci. Bone bruise involves posttraumatic bone marrow change with hemorrhages, edema and microtrabecular fractures without disruption of adjacent cortices or articular cartilage. MR imaging is a method of choice for detecting bone bruises which can not be seen on conventional radiographic techniques.
A representative review of 120 MR examinations for the acute knee trauma was conducted. All the patients were examined within one month of trauma. All MR examinations were performed by using a 0.3T MR unit.
Posttraumatic bone bruise was seen in 39 (32.5%) patients out of 120. Three patients had fracture of the cortex, so-called "occult" fracture (not seen on plain radiography). We analyzed only bone bruises without these fractures of the cortex. Bone bruise was associated with the lesion of ACL in 27 (69%) patients. In 28 (72%) patients bone bruise was in combination with the lesion of menisci. Only two patients with bone bruise had neither ACL nor menisci lesions. There were 78 patients without bone bruise but 33 (43%) of them had lesions of ACL and 49 (63%) had lesions of menisci.
Bone bruise is best seen in STIR (Short TI Inversion Recovery) images and is very often found in acute knee trauma. Very often it is associated with posttraumatic lesions of ACL and menisci, so attention must be paid to this when bone bruise is seen. The difference in frequency of internal structures of the knee lesions in patients with bone bruise is highly statistically significant as compared to patients with no bone bruise.
Introduction: Magnetic resonance (MR) imaging is a method of choice in diagnosing internal soft tissue injuries of the knee, such as menisci, cruciate ligaments and joint cartilage. It is, as well, ...the only method for detecting posttraumatic changes in bone marrow, so called bone bruises. Precise analysis of presence and location of bone bruise can explain the pattern of the knee trauma which enables better insight into internal knee lesions. Aim : The aim of the dissertation is to determine the difference in sensitivity of STIR sequence comparing to T1 on MR imaging for detecting bone bruises. The second aim is to determine the importance of bone bruise as the additional sign for detecting post injury lesions of anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) and menisci by determing their association. The additional aim is to determine the association of bone bruise frequency with injuries of ACL regarding the sport. Material and methods: A representative review of 100 MR examinations for the acute knee trauma in different sports was conducted. All the patients were examined within one month of trauma. All MR examinations were performed by using MRP 7000 0.3 T Hitachi MR unit. The standard imaging protocol with SE T1 sagital, FS T2 sagital, coronal, axial and STIR sequence was used. The presence and site of bone bruises were analyzed as well as the difference in bone bruise frequency on STIR and T1 sequence and the level of sensitivity of these sequencies in detecting bone bruises. The frequency of soft tissue lesions of the knee especially ACl and menisci and their association with bone bruises was also analyzed. We have also analyzed the frequency of bone bruises in different sports which led to the knee trauma. Results : Posttraumatic bone bruise was seen in 51 % of patients. Bone bruise was after the knee effusion, the second most often pathological finding on knee MR imaging. The highly statistically significant difference (estimated by Vilcoxon test Z=-5,067,p=0,000 ) was found between T1 and STIR sequence which leads to the conclusion that STIR sequence is much more sensitive in detecting the bone bruise than T1 sequence. The association between bone bruise and ACL lesion was statistically significant which posed bone bruise as the additional sign for detecting ACL injury which can be not so clear on MR imaging. The association between bone bruise and menisci lesion was not found. The frequency of bone bruise appearance was much higher (more than 50%) in certain sports (skiing, football and handball).Bone bruise with ACL lesion was more often in recreational athletes than in professionals. Conclusion :Bone bruise is best seen in STIR images. The association between bone bruise and ACL lesion was highly statistically significant which makes bone bruise significant additional sign in diagnosing ACL lesion. The most extensive knee lesions with bone bruise and ACL lesions are seen in skiing, football and handball.
Magnetna rezonanca (MR) je metoda izbora za dijagnostikovanje povreda unutrašnjih mekotkivnih struktura, kao što su meniskusi, ukrštene veze i zglobna hrskavica. Osim toga, MR je jedina dijagnostička metoda koja prikazuje i posttraumatske promene koštane srži, zvane koštane modrice (KM). Preciznom analizom prisustva i lokacije KM se može razjasniti mehanizam traume kolena, što omogućava bolji uvid u očekivane, udružene, povrede unutrašnjih struktura kolena. Cilj : Cilj disertacije je da se utvrdi razlika u stepenu senzitivnosti STIR u odnosu na T1 sekvencu u detekciji koštanih modrica. Potom da se analizom stepena udruženosti KM i lezija prednjeg ukrštenog ligamenta(ACL) i meniskusa utvrdi značaj KM kao pomoćnog znaka za dijagnostikovanje povreda prednjeg ukrštenog ligamenta i meniskusa. Utvrditi učestalost KM i lezija ACL po sportovima. Materijal i metode : Urađen je MR pregled kolena kod 100 ispitanika sa akutnom povredom kolena, zadobijenom pri sportu. Svi su pregledani u prvih mesec dana nakon traume. Pregledi su obavljeni na MRP 7000 0,3T Hitači. Korišćen je standardizovani protokol sa sekvencama SE T1 sagitalno, FS T2 sagitalno, koronalno i aksijalno i STIR koronalno. Analizirano je prisustvo i raspored koštanih modrica. Analizirana je razlika učestalosti nalaza KM u STIR u odnosu na T1 sekvencu i procena vidljivosti KM u ove obe sekvence. Analizirana je učestalost patoloških nalaza na mekim tkivima kolena, posebno patoloških nalaza na ACL i meniskusima i njihova povezanost sa nalazima košatnih modrica. Analizirali smo učestalost nalaza KM po sportovima pri kojima je došlo do povrede kolena. Rezultati : Nalaz KM je uočen kod 51% ispitanika. KM je drugi, posle efuzije, po učestalosti patološki nalaz na MR pregledu kod akutne traume kolena. Utvrđena je značajna statisička razlika Vilkokson testom (Z=-5,067, p=0,000) između T1 i STIR sekvence što govori da je STIR sekvenca ubedljivo senzitivnija od T1 sekvence za dijagnostiku KM. Uočena je značajna statisitička povezanost između nalaza KM i nalaza lezije prednjeg ukrštenog ligamenta što ukazuje da nalaz KM možemo koristiti kao pomoćni znak za pouzdaniju dijagnostiku lezije ACL, a koja na MR pregledu može biti manje jasna. Nije uočena statistički značajna povezanost između nalaz a KM i lezije meniskusa. Uočeno je da je učestalost nalaza KM bila veća od 50% pri povredama u skijanju, fudbalu i rukometu. Nalaz KM udružen sa povredama ACL je bio oko dva puta učestaliji kod rekreativnih nego kod profesionalnih sportista. Zaključak : Zaključeno je da bolju vidljivost KM daje STIR sekvenca nego T1 sekvenca. Uočena je statistički visoko značajna povezanost nalaza KM sa nalazom lezije ACL, što opravdava značaj nalaza KM kao pomoćnog znaka u dijagnostici lezija ACL. Najekstenzivnije lezije kolena sa, visokim stepenom nalaza KM i lezija ACL, preko 50%, su u skijanju, fudbalu i rukometu.
Objective. Increasing use of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in acute knee trauma has led to increased awareness of bone bruises (BB). Post-traumatic BB is the only predictor of early ...osteoarthritis. The aim of our research is to determine the way in which it is possible to observe and precisely determine the localization, size, and number of BBs, by the correct selection of Mr imaging sequences. Methods. Mr examinations of the knees performed during 2012-2013 in 100 subjects with an acute knee injury sustained during sports were retrospectively analyzed from the personal archive. All examinations were done in the first month after the trauma. Examinations were performed on an open-type MRI with a power of 0.3T. A standard protocol was used with sequences of spin echo T1-weighted in the sagittal plane, fat suppression T2-weighted in the sagittal, coronal, and axial planes, and Short Tau Inversion Recovery (STIR) in the coronal plane. The presence and arrangement of BB were analyzed. The difference in the frequency of BB findings in STIR compared to the T1W sequence and the assessment of the visibility of BB in both sequences were analyzed. Results. BB findings were observed in 51% of subjects. BB is, after effusion, the second, most frequent pathological finding on Mr examination in acute knee trauma. A significant statistical difference was determined by the Wilcoxon test (Z=-5.067, p=0.000) between the T1W and STIR sequence, which indicates that the STIR sequence is convincingly more sensitive than the T1W sequence for the diagnosis of BB. Conclusion. It was concluded that STIR sequence provides better visibility of BB compared to T1W sequence.
Coronary bifurcation lesions present a challenging lesion subset regarding procedural complexity and worse patient outcomes as compared to simple lesions. Drug eluting stents (DES), as the current ...standard of care for percutaneous myocardial revascularization, have tubular design and uniform diameter, and therefore, need to be subjected to a standardized set of procedural modifications, to optimally fit and reconstruct underlying bifurcation anatomy. Since contemporary DES have various design platforms, with diverse mechanical properties, we must be aware of the device's favorable characteristics and limitations, to ensure maximal procedural safety and success. This is especially true for bifurcation lesion stenting, during which device integrity will often be eventually tested by undergoing specific procedural steps, such as proximal balloon optimization, kissing-balloon inflations, or even intentional stent crushing. In this review we address the design characteristics of contemporary DES, their bifurcation-specific experimental testing data, and reported clinical results, in an attempt to provide relevant information and help in device selection for bifurcation stenting procedures.Coronary bifurcation lesions present a challenging lesion subset regarding procedural complexity and worse patient outcomes as compared to simple lesions. Drug eluting stents (DES), as the current standard of care for percutaneous myocardial revascularization, have tubular design and uniform diameter, and therefore, need to be subjected to a standardized set of procedural modifications, to optimally fit and reconstruct underlying bifurcation anatomy. Since contemporary DES have various design platforms, with diverse mechanical properties, we must be aware of the device's favorable characteristics and limitations, to ensure maximal procedural safety and success. This is especially true for bifurcation lesion stenting, during which device integrity will often be eventually tested by undergoing specific procedural steps, such as proximal balloon optimization, kissing-balloon inflations, or even intentional stent crushing. In this review we address the design characteristics of contemporary DES, their bifurcation-specific experimental testing data, and reported clinical results, in an attempt to provide relevant information and help in device selection for bifurcation stenting procedures.
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•New ligands and corresponding palladium(II) complexes were synthesized.•Characterization was performed by IR, 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy.•The interactions of new complexes with ...CT-DNA and HSA were investigated.•In vitro cytotoxic activity of these ligands and complexes were evaluated.•Antimicrobial activity of ligands and complexes were investigated.
In this paper, we presented synthesis, characterization, HSA/DNA binding evaluation, in vitro cytotoxic activity and in vitro antimicrobial activity of three new ligands of general formula. R2-S,S-pddmb (L1-L3) and their corresponding palladium(II) complexes of general formula PdCl2(R2-S,S-pddmb) (R = n-propyl, n-butyl, n-pentyl; S,S-pddmb = (S,S)-propylenediamine-N,N'-di-2-(3-methyl)-butanoate). Ligands and complexes were characterized by elemental microanalysis, infrared, 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopy. The interactions of new palladium(II) complexes with human serum albumin (HSA) and calf thymus DNA (CT-DNA) were investigated using UV–Vis absorption and fluorescence spectroscopy. The high values of the binding constant, Kb, and the Stern-Volmer quenching constant, KSV, are the result of good binding of all complexes to HSA and CT-DNA. In vitro cytotoxic activity of these ligands and complexes was evaluated against four tumor cell lines, 4 T1, CT26, MDA-MD-468, HCT116 and mesenchymal stem cells (mMSC). C3 complex showed high cytotoxic activity against MDA-MD-468 cell line. Flow cytometry analysis showed that L3 ligand and the corresponding complex (C3) stimulated apoptosis of tumor cells via inhibition of expression of antiapoptotic Bcl-2 molecule. L3 ligand and C3 complex slowed down cell proliferation and arrested tumor cell in the G0/G1 phase by decreasing Cyclin-D expression and by increasing expression of P21. In vitro antimicrobial activity of ligands and complexes was also investigated. The testing was performed by microdilution method and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum microbicidal concentration (MMC) were determined. The testing was conducted against 12 microorganisms. The tested ligands and palladium(II) complexes showed selective and moderate activity.
Petogodišnje iskustvo utiskivanja CO2 u ležišta proizvodnih polja Ivanić i Žutica donijelo je iznimno dobre rezultate – primijenjene metodologije i znanja koja su vrijedan kapital i podloga za ...projektiranje takvih i sličnih projekata u bližoj budućnosti. S obzirom na to da INA u svom portfelju ima mnogo djelomično ili potpuno iscrpljenih plinskih i naftnih ležišta, EOR projekt i njegovi rezultati biti će ugrađeni u svaki novi manji ili veći pothvat u području tercijarnih metoda crpljenja. Važnost EOR projekta ne podrazumijeva samo razmatranje količina dodatnog iscrpka ugljiko-vodika, već ima i veoma važan okolišni aspekt projekta – izdvajanje, upotrebu i skladištenja CO2 Od listopada 2014. do listopada 2019. na EPU Ivanić proizvedeno je ukupno 1579429 boe nafte i plina, od čega je 677129 boe isključivo doprinos EOR projekta. Izraženo u postotcima, to je povećanje iscrpka od 35% u odnosu na predviđenu proizvodnju koja bi se ostvarila da nije primijenjeno utiskivanje ugljičnog dioksida za povećanje iscrpka nafte u sklopu EOR projekta. Današnja dnevna proizvodnja nafte i plina odgovarala bi proizvodnji nafte iz 2000., dok je udio EOR projekta u dnevnoj proizvodnji 65%.
Tijekom četiri godine utiskivanja ugljičnog diok-sida na EPU Žutica dnevna proizvodnja nafte i plina povećana je više od sedam puta, a ukupno je proizve-deno 390136 boe nafte i plina. Od toga je 300 534 boe isključivo doprinos EOR projekta. U postotcima to je povećanje iscrpka od 77%.
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