An acceptor–donor–acceptor (A–D–A)‐type non‐fullerene acceptor (NFA), PTTtID‐Cl, featuring thieno3,2‐bthieno2′′′,3′′′:4′′,5′′‐pyrrolo2′′,3′′:4′,5′thieno2′,3′:4,5thieno‐2,3‐dpyrrole (DTPTt) as the ...electron‐rich core and 2‐(5,6‐dichloro‐3‐oxo‐2,3‐dihydro‐1H‐inden‐1‐ylidene)malononitrile (ID‐Cl) as the peripheral electron‐deficient terminal group was synthesized and characterized. PTTtID‐Cl exhibited strong absorption in the range of 700–850 nm in CHCl3 and redshifted absorption centered at 881 nm in a thin film. The near infrared (NIR)‐absorption of PTTtID‐Cl was combined with a low‐bandgap polymer donor (PTB7‐Th) to achieve binary and semitransparent organic photovoltaics (OPVs) with a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 8.9 % and 7.7 % (with an average visible transmittance (AVT) of 16.7 %), respectively. A ternary device with a ratio of PM7/PTTtID‐Cl/IT‐4F=1:0.15:0.85 (w/w) achieved a short‐circuit current density of 19.46 mA cm−2, an open‐circuit voltage of 0.87 V, and a fill factor of 71.2 %, giving a PCE of 12.0 %. In addition, by employing the Ag/ITO/Ag microcavity structure, semitransparent colorful binary organic photovoltaics (OPVs) with superior transparency of 27.9 % at 427 nm and 22.7 % at 536 nm for blue and green devices, respectively, were prepared. The semitransparent colorful devices based on the optimized ternary blend gave PCEs of 8.7 %, 8.4 %, and 9.1 % for blue, green, and red devices, respectively. These results indicate the promising potential of PTTtID‐Cl as a NIR‐absorption NFA for applications in semitransparent colorful binary and ternary OPVs.
An A–D–A‐type non‐fullerene acceptor is combined with a low‐bandgap polymer donor to obtain a binary organic photovoltaic device with superior transparency of 27.9 % at 427 nm and 22.7 % at 536 nm. The addition of a second acceptor to obtain ternary devices results in semitransparent colorful blue, green, and red devices with power conversion efficiencies of 8.7 %, 8.4 %, and 9.1 %, respectively.
Conversion of CO2 into carbonaceous fuels with the aid of solar energy has been an important research subject for decades. Owing to their excellent electron‐accepting capacities, fullerene ...derivatives have been extensively used as n‐type semiconductors. This work reports that the fulleropyrrolidine functionalized with 4,7‐di(thiophen‐2‐yl)benzoc1,2,5thiadiazole, abbreviated as DTBT‐C60, could efficiently catalyze the photoreduction of CO2 to CO. The novel C60‐chromophore dyad structure facilitated better usage of solar light and effective dissociation of excitons. Consequently, the DTBT‐C60 exhibited a promising CO yield of 144 μmol gcat−1 under AM1.5G solar illumination for 24 h. Moreover, the isotope experiments demonstrated that water molecules could function as an electron source to reactivate DTBT‐C60. Impressively, DTBT‐C60 exhibited an extremely durable catalytic activity for more than one week, facilitating the practical application of photochemical CO2 reaction.
Molecular photocatalyst: C60‐chromophore dyad effectively catalyzes the photoreduction reaction of CO2 to produce CO with 100 % selectivity by directly using water molecules as a source of electrons to regenerate chromophore units. The dyad structure markedly enhances the dissociation efficiency of excitons and reduces the recombination rate of charge carriers. This molecular catalyst exhibits a steady catalytic activity during a 7‐day photoreaction.
In this study, we systematically investigated the plasmonic effects of silver nanoplates (Ag NPLs) embedded in organic and perovskite (PVSK) photovoltaic (PV) cells. Optical properties of the Ag NPLs ...were manipulated by varying their sizes and shapes through controllable wet chemical processes. As the lengths of the edges of the Ag NPLs increased, their surface plasmon resonance bands broadened, with the maximum extinction wavelength extending to as far as 750nm. After embedding various types of Ag NPLs into the PEDOT:PSS poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)/polystyrenesulfonate layer, the short-circuit photocurrent density increased by 7.6–17.5%, relative to that of the pre-optimized control PVs, with the power conversion efficiency (PCE) increasing by up to 13%. We obtained an optimized PCE of 8.5% for normal PVSK device under simulated AM 1.5G irradiation (100mWcm−2). After the incorporation of Ag NPLs, a much higher PCE of 9.6% was obtained. External quantum efficiencies were increased significantly as a result of the increased plasmonic scattering effect of Ag NPLs.
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•We study the plasmonic effects of silver nanoplates (Ag-NPLs) for PV application.•Properties of the Ag-NPLs can be controlled through wet chemical processes.•Ag-NPLs were embedded in organic and perovskite (PVSK) PV cells.•The performance of Ag-NPLs-embedding PV devices increase by up to 13%.•A PCE of 9.6% was achieved for PVSK PV cell with good stability.
Highly efficient blue emitters based on the Lewis acid–base carbazole‐π‐dimesitylborane framework are synthesized and characterized. Among four bipolar blue fluorophores, the nondoped OLED fabricated ...with CzThB exhibits the best performance blue electroluminescence with CIEx, y (0.13,0.21), maximum electroluminance of 28 300 cd m−2 and external quantum efficiency of 6.9%.
Non-fullerene organic photovoltaics (OPVs) have displayed the highest power conversion efficiencies (PCEs) among OPVs. Herein, we describe a two-donor (PM6, TPD-3F)/one-acceptor (Y6) ternary blend ...having an optimized blend morphology that leads to improved OPV performance. Because TPD-3F has a HOMO energy level deeper than that of PM6, the value of
of the corresponding ternary device increased. Good miscibility between PM6 and TPD-3F, in conjunction with device optimization through the use of 1-chloronaphthalene as an additive, provided an optimized ternary blend morphology for efficient exciton dissociation and carrier transport and, therefore, larger PCE. Compared with the preoptimized PM6:Y6 binary device, the ternary device functioned with improvements in its short-circuit current density, value of
, and fill factor. As a result, the device PCE improved from 15.5 ± 0.19 to 16.6 ± 0.25% under AM 1.5G (100 mW cm
) irradiation. The champion cell exhibited a PCE of 17.0%-a value that is one of the highest for a ternary OPV. Furthermore, such devices exhibited outstanding shelf lifetimes, with long-term stability in air (25 °C, 40% humidity) without encapsulation; the performance remained high (at 15.4%) after storage for 820 h.
Two structural isomers of the bisacrylonitrilethienothiophene–benzodithiophene copolymer, pBαCN and pBβCN, have been comprehensively studied by differential calorimetry, UV–visible absorption ...spectroscopy, cyclic voltammetry, density functional theory calculation, grazing incidence wide-angle X-ray scattering, transmission electron microscopy, fluorescence spectroscopy, and space-charge-limited current determination. We have obtained insightful information to elucidate why the β-isomer of the copolymer (pBβCN) can achieve a higher open-circuit voltage (0.96 V) along with a higher short-circuit current density (15.62 mA/cm2) and hence a higher power conversion efficiency of 9.27% than the α-isomer of the copolymer (pBαCN) in 6,6-phenyl-C71-butyric acid methyl ester (PC71BM)-blended bulk heterojunction polymer solar cells.
Currently, wide‐color gamut perovskite light‐emitting diodes (PeLEDs) are commonly controlled through halide composition tuning. However, the formation of perovskite crystals involving different ion ...radii of halogens often results in structural fragility and ionic defects, leading to emission instability during operation. This study showcases a novel approach to achieving a homogeneous and low‐defect crystalline state by regulating the thermodynamic nucleation mechanism of sky‐blue perovskite, thereby enhancing emission stability. Utilizing oxygen‐plasma treatment, a highly uniform surface energy is ensured for the nickel oxide acting as a hole transport layer. This treatment not only induces homogeneous nucleation of the perovskite layer but also effectively suppresses crystal defects. Simultaneously, the uniform surface energy alleviates halide phase separation caused by Ostwald ripening. Upon optimizing the fabrication conditions for sky‐blue perovskite, the resulting PeLEDs, featuring an electroluminescent peak at 486 nm, attain a luminance of 1125.3 cd m−2 with exceptional electroluminescent stability and a T50 lifetime. Furthermore, gaining insights into the thermodynamic nucleation mechanism in mix‐halides and perovskites contributes to the advancement of research on sky‐blue PeLEDs and offers valuable perspectives for future development.
This study demonstrates that the hole transport layer of NixOy is used in perovskite light‐emitting diodes (PeLEDs) with uniform surface energy and deep valence band through the oxygen‐plasma treatment that enhances the long‐acting device performance. Furthermore, the study highlights the crucial role of homogeneous nucleation and inhibiting Ostwald ripening in stabilizing the halide perovskite from a thermodynamic mechanism perspective.
Seven donor and acceptor 2,6‐disubstituted 4,4‐difluoro‐4‐bora‐3a,4a‐diaza‐s‐indacene (BODIPY) dyes have been synthesized and characterized. Including MPBTCA, which is a known compound, the seven ...BODIPY dyes have been characterized by varied physical methods, such as UV/Visible absorption spectroscopy, low energy photo‐electron spectroscopy (AC‐2), and HOMO‐LUMO DFT/TDDFT calculation. All seven BODIPY dyes have absorption λmax around 535–545 nm, which is significantly longer than 499 nm of 4,4‐difluoro‐1,3,5,7,8‐pentamethyl‐4‐bora‐3a,4a‐diaza‐s‐indacene (PM 546). Having structural variation on donor group, acceptor group, donor π‐spacer, acceptor π‐spacer, and the substituent on boron, some BODIPY dyes exhibit small extinction coefficients or spectral integrals in solution (MPCtBTCA, MPBT‐pyO, MPBTT‐pyO, MTBTCA), broadening absorption spectral profile (MTBTCA), weak intramolecular charge transfer characteristics (MPBT‐pyO, MPBTT‐pyO, MTBTCA), too low LUMO energy level (PPBTCA), or insufficient dye‐uptake by TiO2 FTO (MPBT‐pyO, MPBTT‐pyO, MTBTCA). Two of the seven BODIPY dyes, MPBTCA and MPBTTCA, do not show the adverse properties like other BODIPY dyes. With our improved TiO2 FTO (fluorine doped tin oxide) dyeing method, namely a solution dropping method, high performance dye‐sensitized solar cells (DSCs) have been realized by MPBTCA and MPBTTCA photosensitizers. Power conversion efficiencies of 6.3 and 6.4 % have been achieved by MPBTCA and MPBTTCA DSCs, respectively. To the best of our knowledge, MPBTCA and MPBTTCA are the most efficient dyes for the donor and acceptor 2,6‐disubstituted BODIPY DSCs so far.
Dyeing to meet you: A series of 2,6‐disubstituted BODIPY derivatives have been synthesized and characterized, and subsequently tested for use in dye‐sensitized solar cells. Theoretical calculations and spectroscopic data suggest reasons for the improved performance, including a power conversion efficiency as high as 6.4% for MPBTTCA.
In this study, thin-film composite (TFC) membranes were produced through interfacial polymerization between diamine and trimesoyl chloride on a polyetherimide (PEI) support. The TFC membranes with ...different diamines, 4,4′-((propane-2,2-diylbis(4,1-phenylene))bis(oxy))dianiline (BAPP), 4,4′-((methylene bis(4,1-phenylene))bis(oxy))dianiline (MPDA), and 6,6′-bis(4-aminopheoxy)-4,4,4′,4′,7,7′-hexamethyl-2,2′-spirobichroman (SBC), were denoted as TFCPEI/B, TFCPEI/M, and TFCPEI/S, respectively. These three aromatic diamines have different central moieties that affect reactivity during the interfacial polymerization reaction. The crosslinking degree of the TFC membranes increased in the following order: TFCPEI/S < TFCPEI/M < TFCPEI/B. Positron annihilation lifetime spectroscopy analysis also unveils that TFCPEI/B had the lowest free volume. These results reveal that the appropriate steric structure of the diamine molecules can create less compact structure without impeding the formation of the crosslinked polyamide selective layer. Moreover, the TFCPEI/B membrane had a flux of approximately 705 ± 46 g∙m−2 h−1, and the water concentration in the permeate was maintained at approximately 99.8 wt% at 25°C during the 70 wt% isopropanol solution dehydration. Furthermore, the TFCPEI/B membrane can be operated under broad operating conditions and possesses high long-term stability.
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•The crosslinked polyamide-based TFC membranes were successfully prepared.•The proper steric structure of the molecular can create less compact structure of the TFC membrane.•The prepared TFC membrane can be used for pervaporation dehydration of alcohol aqueous solution.
A series of twisted N,N‐linked benzoghi‐perylenetriimide dimers (t‐BPTI) with various lengths of the α‐branched alkyl side chain at the six‐membered imide ring position was designed, synthesized, and ...characterized. These compounds showed the low‐lying LUMO energy level of −3.78 eV, which was similar to that of PC61BM (−3.71 eV), but with intensive optical absorption in the range 350–500 nm. The twisted molecular geometry with two nearly perpendicular BPTI planes achieved a favorable nanoscale phase separation by relieving the self‐aggregation of rigid BPTI units in blend films. The acceptor t‐BPTI‐3 unit with the longest alkyl side chains has been demonstrated to be an efficient electron acceptor in solution‐processed bulk heterojunction organic photovoltaics (OPV), giving a power conversion efficiency of 3.68 % when using conjugated polymer PTB7‐Th as the donor and without additional treatments.
Doing the twist: The large nonplanar π‐conjugated structure of twisted benzoghi‐perylenetriimide dimer (t‐BPTI) is explored as a nonfullerene electron acceptor for solution‐processed bulk heterojunction organic photovoltaics. This orthogonally twisted structure achieved a favorable nanoscale phase separation and promoted charge separation and charge transport in blend films (see scheme).
