Recently, research on the production and transformation of sorbitol has become exciting in chemical industry and in catalysis studies for its broad applications. It opens up a new path for achieving ...sustainable energy supply and chemicals production. Here we mainly review the catalytic routes for the synthesis of sorbitol and conversion of sorbitol into high value-added compounds such as lower alcohols, paraffins, isosorbide, and other derivatives. Meanwhile, some promising and valuable research directions are suggested based on the major challenges emerged in current research, such as the development of efficient magnetic catalysts, microwave heating, and other hydrogen sources.
Objective
Osteonecrosis of the femoral head (ONFH) is a common orthopedic disease with a high disability rate. The clinical effect of BuShenHuoXue decoction (BSHX) for ONFH is satisfactory. We aimed ...to elucidate the potential angiogenic mechanisms of BSHX in a rat femoral osteonecrosis model and bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs).
Methods
With in vivo experiments, we established the steroid‐induced osteonecrosis of the femoral head (SONFH) model using Sprague–Dawley (SD) rats (8‐week‐old). The rats were randomly divided into five group of 12 rats each and given the corresponding interventions: control, model (gavaged with 0.9% saline), BSHX low‐, medium‐ and high‐dose groups (0.132 3, 0.264 6, and 0.529 2 g/mL BSHX solution by gavage). After 12 weeks, haematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining was preformed to evaluate rat osteonecrosis. the expression of angiogenic factors (CD31, VEGFA, KDR, VWF) in rat femoral head was detected by immunohistochemistry, qPCR and western blotting. In cell experiment, BMSCs were isolated and cultured in the femoral bone marrow cavity of 4‐week‐old SD rats. BMSCs were randomly divided into eight groups and intervened with different doses of BSHX‐containing serum and glucocorticoids: control group (CG); BSHX low‐, medium‐, and high‐dose groups (CG + 0.661 5, 1.323, and 2.646 g/kg BSHX gavage rat serum); dexamethasone (Dex) group; and Dex + BSHX low‐, medium‐, and high‐dose groups (Dex + 0.661 5, 1.323, and 2.646 g/kg BSHX gavaged rat serum), the effects of BSHX‐containing serum on the angiogenic capacity of BMSCs were examined by qPCR and Western blotting. A co‐culture system of rat aortic endothelial cells (RAOECs) and BMSCs was then established. Migration and angiogenesis of RAOECs were observed using angiogenesis and transwell assay. Identification of potential targets of BSHX against ONFH was obtained using network pharmacology.
Results
BSHX upregulated the expression of CD31, VEGFA, KDR, and VWF in rat femoral head samples and BMSCs (p < 0.05, vs. control group or model group). Different concentrations of BSHX‐containing serum significantly ameliorated the inhibition of CD31, VEGFA, KDR and VWF expression by high concentrations of Dex. BSHX‐containing serum‐induced BMSCs promoted the migration and angiogenesis of RAOECs, reversed to some extent the adverse effect of Dex on microangiogenesis in RAOECs, and increased the number of microangiogenic vessels. Furthermore, we identified VEGFA, COL1A1, COL3A1, and SPP1 as important targets of BSHX against ONFH.
Conclusion
BSHX upregulated the expression of angiogenic factors in the femoral head tissue of ONFH model rats and promoted the angiogenic capacity of rat RAOECs and BMSCs. This study provides an important basis for the use of BSHX for ONFH prevention and treatment.
BSHX ameliorated glucocorticoid‐induced decrease in angiogenesis in the rat femoral head. BSHX‐containing serum promoted the migratory proliferative activity of rat aortic endothelial cells (RAOECs) and the angiogenic differentiation ability of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs). VEGFA, COL1A1, COL3A1, and SPP1 were critical targets of BSHX in the prevention and treatment of osteonecrosis of the femoral head (ONFH).
In this paper, an ammonia-urea system was developed to induce the shedding of carboxymethylcellulose carbon aerogels to form defects, and the specific surface area of the aerogels was significantly ...increased after carbonization, and the three-dimensional disordered pore structure of cellulose was preserved. The material showed the selective adsorption of gadolinium ions using the carboxylate active sites provided by carboxymethylation and the microporous or mesoporous structures formed after carbon burning. The successful synthesis of the material was demonstrated by relevant characterization, and the results of static adsorption experiments showed that the material was more consistent with the quasi second-order kinetic model at pH = 5.0. The maximum adsorption capacity was 99.65 mg g
. The material showed a high adsorption capacity for gadolinium ions in the presence of competing ions and maintained 84.07% of the adsorption performance after five adsorption cycles. The simple use of urea ensured that the cellulose maintained its pore structure, and the specific surface area was greatly increased after carbonization, which provided a feasible direction for the industrial adsorption and recycling of rare-earth elements for reuse.
The petrogenesis and tectonic affinity of late Mesoproterozoic to early Neoproterozoic magmatic records in the Yangtze Block is important to understand its tectonic evolution within the context of ...the Rodinia supercontinent's reconstruction. In this paper, our new SHRIMP zircon U-Pb dating results demonstrate that the Luonie granodiorites and Gonghe granites were emplaced at 1019.2 ± 5.3 Ma and 925.0 ± 4.9 Ma, respectively. The Luonie granodiorites show high HFSE and HREE contents and Ga/Al ratios, resembling A-type granites. They exhibit negative εHf(t) values (−1.6 to −3.9) with T
DM2
ages of 1980-2125 Ma, suggesting that they were derived from partial melting of pre-existing continental crust. The Gonghe granites are calc-alkaline, slightly peraluminous and have low P
2
O
5
contents, which are typical features of I-type granites. Zircons from Gonghe granites possess positive εHf(t) values (+10.8 to +13.1) with T
DM2
ages of 969-1113 Ma, indicating juvenile mafic lower crust source. In conclusion, Luonie granodiorites were formed in an intra-plate rifting environment, whereas Gonghe arc-related intrusion was emplaced into an arc-setting. On the basis of these results, we propose that the rifting-related igneous rocks and subduction-related magmatism in the southwestern Yangtze Block record a tectonic transition from a continental-rifting basin in the passive plate margin to a collisional setting in an active continental margin in the early Neoproterozoic.
The petrogenesis and tectonic affinity of Late Mesoproterozoic igneous rocks in the Yangtze Block are important to understand its tectonic evolution within the context of the Rodinia supercontinent’s ...reconstruction. Here, we report the SHRIMP zircon U-Pb ages, geochemistry, and Nd-Hf isotopic data for dacite from the Zegu Formation of the Dengxiangying Group in southwestern Yangtze Block. The crystallization age of the Zegu dacite is 1 037 Ma. These rocks have relatively high Ga, Zr, Hf, and HREE contents, as well as high (10 000 × Ga)/Al (2.7–2.9) and FeOt/MgO (3.8–10.5) ratios, showing a geochemical affinity of A-type granitoids. Moreover, they are characterized by negative
ε
Nd
(
t
) (−3.6 to −7.5) and zircon
ε
Hr
(
t
) values (−0.3 to −14.4), indicating that they likely generated via partial melting of an ancient continental crust source. The tectonic discriminant diagrams showed that the Zegu dacites have high Y and Nb contents (plotted in the ‘within-plate’ magmatic rocks field). In conclusion, the geochemistry and isotopic data indicated that the 1 037 Ma felsic volcanic rock in the Dengxiangying Group generated during an intra-plate rift basin along a passive margin. Our work thus argues against a Grenvillian orogen’s existence in the Yangtze Block. In view of the subsequent Neoproterozoic subduction-related magmatism in the region, we suggest that the Yangtze Block might have been along the periphery of the Rodinia.
Due to the increasingly serious problem of offshore oil spills, research related to oil–water separation has attracted more and more attention. Here, we prepared a super-hydrophilic/underwater ...super-oleophobic membrane (hereinafter referred to as BTA) using poly-dopamine (PDA) to adhesive TiO2 nanoparticles on the surface of bacterial cellulose, coated with sodium alienate by vacuum-assisted filtration technique. This demonstrates its excellent underwater super-oleophobic property. Its contact angle is about 153°. Remarkably, BTA has 99% separation efficiency. More importantly, BTA still showed excellent anti-pollution property under ultraviolet light after 20 cycles. BTA has the advantages of low cost, environmentally friendliness and good anti-fouling performance. We believe it can play an important role in dealing with problems related to oily wastewater.
Treatment of tannery wastewater by electrocoagulation FENG, Jing-wei; SUN, Ya-bing; ZHENG, Zheng ...
Journal of environmental sciences (China),
2007, 2007-00-00, 2007-1-00, 20070101, Volume:
19, Issue:
12
Journal Article
Peer reviewed
Treatment of tannery wastewater by electrocoagulation with low cell current （≤ 1A） and soluble electrodes （mild steel electrodes and aluminum electrodes） was studied. Compared with aluminum ...electrodes, mild steel electrodes were more effective for the removal of sulfide, with a removal efficiency of over 90%. But during the treatment process, black color precipitate typical to iron（Ⅱ） sulfides was produced. While aluminum electrodes were effective to eliminate the colority of the effluent, the removal efficiency of sulfide was lower than 12%. The mechanisms of the removal of chemical oxygen demand, ammonia, total organic carbon, sulfide and colority with the two soluble electrodes （mild steel and aluminum electrodes） were discussed in detail. In order to exert the predominance of diffenent types of electrodes, the tannery wastewater was treated using mild steel electrodes first followed by the filter and finally by the aluminum electrodes, the elimination rates of chemical oxygen demand, ammonia, total organic carbon, sulfide and colority were 68.0%, 43.1%, 55.1%, 96.7% and 84.3%, respectively, with the initial concentrations 2413.1 mg/L, 223.4 mg/L, 1000.4 mg/L, 112.3 mg/L and 256 dilution times, respectively. The absorbance spectra and energy consumption during electrocoagulation process were also discussed.
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