Gut microbiome is integral to the pathogenesis of ulcerative colitis. A novel probiotic Lactobacillus intestinalis (L. intestinalis) exerts a protective effect against dextran sodium sulfate‐induced ...colitis in mice. Based on flow cytometry, colitis‐associated Th17 cells are the target of L. intestinalis, which is supported by the lack of protective effects of L. intestinalis in T cell‐null Rag1−/− mice or upon anti‐IL‐17‐A antibody‐treated mice. Although L. intestinalis exerts no direct effect on T cell differentiation, it decreases C/EBPA‐driven gut epithelial SAA1 and SAA2 production, which in turn impairs Th17 cell differentiation. Cometabolism of L. intestinalis ALDH and host ALDH1A2 contributed to elevated biosynthesis of retinoic acid (RA), which accounts for the anti‐colitis effect in RAR‐α ‐mediated way. In a cohort of ulcerative colitis patients, it is observed that fecal abundance of L. intestinalis is negatively associated with the C/EBPA‐SAA1/2‐Th17 axis. Finally, L. intestinalis has a synergistic effect with mesalazine in alleviating murine colitis. In conclusion, L. intestinalis and associated metabolites, RA, have potential therapeutic effects for suppressing colonic inflammation by modulating the crosstalk between intestinal epithelia and immunity.
By improving retinoic acid synthesis, a novel probiotic L. intestinalis exerts a protective effect against colitis. Retinoic acid triggers epithelial gene alteration, including SAA1, SAA2, and C/EBPA, to downregulate RORγt+ Th17 cells. L. intestinalis and its associated metabolite, retinoic acid, have potential therapeutic effects for suppressing colonic inflammation.
In this paper, the thermodynamic property of charged AdS black holes is studied in rainbow gravity. By the Heisenberg Uncertainty Principle and the modified dispersion relation, we obtain deformed ...temperature. Moreover, in rainbow gravity we calculate the heat capacity in a fixed charge and discuss the thermal stability. We also obtain a similar behaviour with the liquid-gas system in extending phase space (including P and r) and study its critical behavior with the pressure given by the cosmological constant and with a fixed black hole charge Q. Furthermore, we study the Gibbs function and find its characteristic swallow tail behavior, which indicates the phase transition. We also find that there is a special value about the mass of test particle which would lead the black hole to zero temperature and a diverging heat capacity with a fixed charge.
Imbalance of gut microbiota homeostasis is related to the occurrence of ulcerative colitis (UC), and probiotics are thought to modulate immune microenvironment and repair barrier function. Here, in ...order to reveal the interaction between UC and gut microbiota, we screened a new probiotic strain by 16S rRNA sequencing from Dextran Sulfate Sodium (DSS)-induced colitis mice, and explored the mechanism and clinical relevance. Lactobacillus johnsonii (L. johnsonii), as a potential anti-inflammatory bacterium was decreased colonization in colitis mice. Gavage L. johnsonii could alleviate colitis by specifically increasing the proportion of intestinal macrophages and the secretion of Il-10 with macrophages depleted model and in Il10
−/−
mice. We identified this subset of immune cells activated by L. johnsonii as CD206
+
macrophages
IL−10
. Mechanistically, L. johnsonii supplementation enhanced the mobilization of CD206
+
macrophages
IL−10
through the activation of STAT3 in vivo and in vitro. In addition, we revealed that TLR1/2 was essential for the activation of STAT3 and the recognition of L. johnsonii by macrophages. Clinically, there was positive correlation between the abundance of L. johnsonii and the expression level of MRC1, IL10 and TLR1/2 in UC tissues. L. johnsonii could activate native macrophages into CD206
+
macrophages and release IL-10 through TLR1/2-STAT3 pathway to relieve experimental colitis. L. johnsonii may serve as an immunomodulator and anti-inflammatory therapeutic target for UC.
Conformal transformation as a mathematical tool has been used in many areas of gravitational physics. In this paper, we consider gravity’s rainbow, in which the metric can be treated as a conformal ...rescaling of the original metric. By using the conformal transformation technique, we get a specific form of a modified Newton’s constant and cosmological constant in gravity’s rainbow, which implies that the total vacuum energy is dependent on probe energy. Moreover, the result shows that Einstein gravity’s rainbow can be described by energy-dependent
f
(
E
,
R
~
)
gravity. At last, we study the
f
(
R
) gravity, when gravity’s rainbow is considered, which can also be described as energy-dependent
f
~
(
E
,
R
~
)
gravity.
The thermodynamics of Universe in the Eddington-Born-Infeld (EBI) theory was restudied by utilizing the holographic-style gravitational equations that dominate the dynamics of the cosmical apparent ...horizon ΥA and the evolution of Universe. We started in rewriting the EBI action of the Palatini approach into the Bigravity-type action with an extra metric qμν. With the help of the holographic-style dynamical equations, we discussed the property of the cosmical apparent horizon ΥA including timelike, spacelike, and null characters, which depends on the value of the parameter of state wm in EBI Universe. The unified first law for the gravitational thermodynamics and the total energy differential for the open system enveloped by ΥA in EBI Universe were obtained. Finally, applying the positive-heat-out sign convention, we derived the generalized second law of gravitational thermodynamics in EBI Universe.
Imbalance of gut microbiota homeostasis is related to the occurrence of ulcerative colitis (UC), and probiotics are thought to modulate immune microenvironment and repair barrier function. Here, in ...order to reveal the interaction between UC and gut microbiota, we screened a new probiotic strain by 16S rRNA sequencing from Dextran Sulfate Sodium (DSS)-induced colitis mice, and explored the mechanism and clinical relevance.
(
), as a potential anti-inflammatory bacterium was decreased colonization in colitis mice. Gavage
could alleviate colitis by specifically increasing the proportion of intestinal macrophages and the secretion of Il-10 with macrophages depleted model and in
mice. We identified this subset of immune cells activated
as CD206
macrophages
. Mechanistically,
supplementation enhanced the mobilization of CD206
macrophages
through the activation of STAT3
and
. In addition, we revealed that TLR1/2 was essential for the activation of STAT3 and the recognition of
by macrophages. Clinically, there was positive correlation between the abundance of
and the expression level of
and
in UC tissues.
could activate native macrophages into CD206
macrophages and release IL-10 through TLR1/2-STAT3 pathway to relieve experimental colitis.
may serve as an immunomodulator and anti-inflammatory therapeutic target for UC.
We consider the structure formation in the nonlocal gravity model proposed recently by Deser and Woodard (DW-2019 model), which can not only reproduce the \(\Lambda\)CDM cosmology without fine-tuning ...puzzle but also may provide a screening mechanism for free. By using the direct numerical method of the reconstructing technique, the nonlocal distortion function \(f(Y)\) is fixed as \(f(Y)\simeq\boldsymbol{e}^{2.153(Y-16.97)}\) which has a small deviation with the fitted function proposed by Deser and Woodard. Based on the numerical results, we plotted the curve of the growth rate \(f\sigma_8(z)\) under the DW-2019 model, which shows this model is not ruled out by the \(f\sigma_8\) data from the Redshift-space distortions measurements. The evolving curve of the growth rate has a distinct plummet at \(z\simeq0.39\), which is a great difference with the DW model. The possible reason is that the DW-2019 model provides the strong nonlocal effect, which behaves as the anisotropic effect to influence the matter perturbation in the low-redshift range. Finally the qualitative analysis of the screening mechanism is discussed by considering the spacial dependence of the nonlocal modification in the small-scale range.
In this paper, we proposed that at each point of spacetime, in addition to the Riemannian metric tensor which describes the geometry of spacetime and the gravitational field, there is an rainbow ...metric tensor which shows the geometry of spacetime depends on the energy of the test particle. Because Eddington-inspired Born-Infield(EiBI) gravity can be seen as a special bi-metric gravity, we research a varying speed of light theory for a bi-metric gravity corresponding to EiBI gravity. For FRW universe, we find the energy of test particle will increase with rising energy density of universe. We also research the varying speed of light for three different kinds of rainbow functions and find the sign of parameter \(\kappa\) would influence the trend of spend of light.
In this paper, the thermodynamic property of charged AdS black holes is studied in rainbow gravity. By the Heisenberg Uncertainty Principle and the modified dispersion relation, we obtain deformed ...temperature. Moreover, in rainbow gravity we calculate the heat capacity in a fixed charge and discuss the thermal stability. We also obtain a similar behaviour with the liquid-gas system in extending phase space (including \(P\) and \(r\)) and study its critical behavior with the pressure given by the cosmological constant and with a fixed black hole charge \(Q\). Furthermore, we study the Gibbs function and find its characteristic swallow tail behavior, which indicates the phase transition. We also find there is a special value about the mass of test particle which would lead the black hole to zero temperature and a diverging heat capacity with a fixed charge.
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