We present the first experimental evidence supported by simulations of kinetic effects launched in the interpenetration layer between the laser-driven hohlraum plasma bubbles and the corona plasma of ...the compressed pellet at the Shenguang-III prototype laser facility. Solid plastic capsules were coated with carbon-deuterium layers; as the implosion neutron yield is quenched, DD fusion yield from the corona plasma provides a direct measure of the kinetic effects inside the hohlraum. An anomalous large energy spread of the DD neutron signal (∼282 keV) and anomalous scaling of the neutron yield with the thickness of the carbon-deuterium layers cannot be explained by the hydrodynamic mechanisms. Instead, these results can be attributed to kinetic shocks that arise in the hohlraum-wall-ablator interpenetration region, which result in efficient acceleration of the deuterons (∼28.8 J, 0.45% of the total input laser energy). These studies provide novel insight into the interactions and dynamics of a vacuum hohlraum and near-vacuum hohlraum.
Defect engineering in photocatalysts represents a fundamental method toward tailoring their solar-to-chemical energy conversion performance, although determining the nature and impact of subsurface ...defects remains challenging. Single-unit-cell Bi2WO6 monolayers, forming a sandwich-like structure, BiO+–WO42––BiO+, exhibit promising photocatalytic performance and are an ideal system for isolating subsurface defects. We report the single-step synthesis of Bi2WO6 monolayers rich in stable interior W vacancies and characterize their influence on the physical properties necessary for effective photocatalytic surface reactions. Defect-rich monolayers benefit from enhanced visible-light absorption and photocarrier transport, boosting the solar photocatalytic oxidation of benzylic alcohols by 140% at no cost to selectivity or stability. This work highlights the importance of subsurface defects within surface-driven photocatalytic applications and prescribes a general strategy for their isolated study via 2D compounds exhibiting symmetric surface termination.
Background
Prevailing dietary guidelines recommend regular fish consumption. However, the associations of fish and long‐chain omega‐3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (LCn‐3 PUFAs) intakes with mortality ...remain unclear.
Objectives
To examine the associations of fish and LCn‐3 PUFAs intakes with total and cause‐specific mortality.
Methods
A total of 240 729 men and 180 580 women from NIH‐AARP Diet and Health Study were prospectively followed‐up for 16 years. Dietary intakes were assessed using a validated NIH Diet History Questionnaire.
Results
A total of 54 230 men and 30 882 women died during 6.07 million person‐years of follow‐up. Higher fish and LCn‐3 PUFAs intakes were significantly associated with lower total mortality (P < 0.0001). Comparing the highest with lowest quintiles of fish intake, men had 9% (95% confidence interval, 6–11%) lower total mortality, 10% (6–15%) lower cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality, 6% (1–10%) lower cancer mortality, 20% (11–28%) lower respiratory disease mortality and 37% (17–53%) lower chronic liver disease mortality, while women had 8% (5–12%) lower total mortality, 10% (3–17%) lower CVD mortality and 38% (20–52%) lower Alzheimer's disease mortality. Fried fish consumption was not related to mortality in men whereas positively associated with mortality from all causes (P = 0.011), CVD and respiratory disease in women. LCn‐3 PUFAs intake was associated with 15% and 18% lower CVD mortality in men and women across extreme quintiles, respectively.
Conclusion
Consumption of fish and LCn‐3 PUFAs was robustly associated with lower mortality from major causes. Our findings support current guidelines for fish consumption while advice on non‐frying preparation methods is needed.
Summary
Periodontitis is a polymicrobial inflammatory disease that results from the interaction between the oral microbiota and the host immunity. Although the innate immune response is important for ...disease initiation and progression, the innate immune receptors that recognize both classical and putative periodontal pathogens that elicit an immune response have not been elucidated. By using the Human Oral Microbe Identification Microarray (HOMIM), we identified multiple predominant oral bacterial species in human plaque biofilm that strongly associate with severe periodontitis. Ten of the identified species were evaluated in greater depth, six being classical pathogens and four putative novel pathogens. Using human peripheral blood monocytes (HPBM) and murine bone‐marrow‐derived macrophages (BMDM) from wild‐type (WT) and Toll‐like receptor (TLR)‐specific and MyD88 knockouts (KOs), we demonstrated that heat‐killed Campylobacter concisus, Campylobacter rectus, Selenomonas infelix, Porphyromonas endodontalis, Porphyromonas gingivalis, and Tannerella forsythia mediate high immunostimulatory activity. Campylobacter concisus, C. rectus, and S. infelix exhibited robust TLR4 stimulatory activity. Studies using mesothelial cells from WT and NOD1‐specific KOs and NOD2‐expressing human embryonic kidney cells demonstrated that Eubacterium saphenum, Eubacterium nodatum and Filifactor alocis exhibit robust NOD1 stimulatory activity, and that Porphyromonas endodontalis and Parvimonas micra have the highest NOD2 stimulatory activity. These studies allowed us to provide important evidence on newly identified putative pathogens in periodontal disease pathogenesis showing that these bacteria exhibit different immunostimulatory activity via TLR4, NOD1, and NOD2 (Clinicaltrials.gov NCT01154855).
The perovskite SrIrO_{3} is an exotic narrow-band metal owing to a confluence of the strengths of the spin-orbit coupling (SOC) and the electron-electron correlations. It has been proposed that ...topological and magnetic insulating phases can be achieved by tuning the SOC, Hubbard interactions, and/or lattice symmetry. Here, we report that the substitution of nonmagnetic, isovalent Sn^{4+} for Ir^{4+} in the SrIr_{1-x}Sn_{x}O_{3} perovskites synthesized under high pressure leads to a metal-insulator transition to an antiferromagnetic (AF) phase at T_{N}≥225 K. The continuous change of the cell volume as detected by x-ray diffraction and the λ-shape transition of the specific heat on cooling through T_{N} demonstrate that the metal-insulator transition is of second order. Neutron powder diffraction results indicate that the Sn substitution enlarges an octahedral-site distortion that reduces the SOC relative to the spin-spin exchange interaction and results in the type-G AF spin ordering below T_{N}. Measurement of high-temperature magnetic susceptibility shows the evolution of magnetic coupling in the paramagnetic phase typical of weak itinerant-electron magnetism in the Sn-substituted samples. A reduced structural symmetry in the magnetically ordered phase leads to an electron gap opening at the Brillouin zone boundary below T_{N} in the same way as proposed by Slater.
DEVELOPMENT OF THE IM4MANILABAY MAPABLE WEB PORTAL Gatdula, N. B.; Jiao, B. J. D.; Laurente, J. A. ...
International archives of the photogrammetry, remote sensing and spatial information sciences.,
11/2021, Volume:
XLVI-4/W6-2021
Journal Article, Conference Proceeding
Peer reviewed
Open access
Products and outputs for water quality monitoring are made available in the IM4ManilaBay MapABLE Web Portal, a web-based GIS platform that serves as a repository of processed maps for Manila Bay and ...linked systems. The Portal is also linked with the MASDAN mobile application that has been developed to allow the public to report different environmental issues. The web development involved the utilization of geospatial content management system, spatial database system, operating systems, programming, and style language. Services included frontend and backend development. The Web Portal serves as a repository for all outputs derived for water quality monitoring. It contains processed results, technical overview on the developed models and tools, historical data viewing and use of basic geoprocessing tools, and viewing of reported incidents from the MASDAN app. It is expected that the Web Portal will contribute significantly in the efforts of communities and environmental agencies to implement policies for sustainable development and management of Manila Bay and its watershed.
Highly urbanized regions such as the Metro Manila area in the Philippines contribute to the deterioration of air quality through overpopulation, excessive vehicle emissions, and industrialization. ...However, the limited number of ground monitoring stations hinders the detailed estimation of the region’s overall air quality. Satellite-derived air pollutant concentrations have been used in several research studies as a substitute or supplementary to ground-based data due to their extensive spatial and temporal coverage. Using the aerosol optical depth (AOD) from the MODIS Multi-Angle Implementation of Atmospheric Correction (MAIAC) algorithm and ground measurements of coarse particulate matter (PM10), this study explores the comparison between satellite-derived and ground-based air pollutant concentrations measured from 2017 to 2020 through trend analysis of monthly average values per city. With 16 stations located in different cities, the monthly average values of AOD vs PM10 showed inconsistent results due to significant gaps in the ground data. Through optimized hotspot analysis, it was found that 7.24% of the Metro Manila region are considered hotspots using the MAIAC AOD values from 2017 to 2019 (pre-pandemic). From 2018 to 2020 (pandemic), 23.86% of Metro Manila are counted as hotspots. The AOD derived from satellite imagery and hotspot analysis can be used for future studies that focus on the development of models to predict ground pollutant values and the designation of non-attainment areas.
The generation of air quality concentration data is imperative for the health and environment of highly urbanized regions. Through remote sensing, air pollutant concentrations can be obtained over ...large areas for a long time. In this study, particulate matter (PM2.5 and PM10) concentrations were estimated using satellite-derived Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) Multi-Angle Implementation of Atmospheric Correction (MAIAC) Aerosol Optical Depth (AOD) values observed in the National Capital Region (NCR), Philippines. Models were generated using multiple linear regression (MLR) and gradient boosting regression to determine the best models for the whole data from 2017 to 2020, dry season, and wet season with a 70–30 split for the train-test sets. Initial models resulted with the best coefficient of determination R2 values of 2.6% and 1.2% using MLR and 2.0% using gradient boosting regression. The results for PM2.5 and PM10 showed the lowest Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) values of 8.79 μg/m3 and 18.99 μg/m3 using MLR and 8.08 μg/m3 and 16.85 μg/m3 using gradient boosting, respectively. The preliminary results indicate the relatively poor performance of models in estimating particulate matter using satellite-derived AOD images. Improvements in the models will include the integration of more in-situ data from air quality monitoring stations and the addition of additional variables and features such as meteorological parameters and geographical layers.
Optical beam steerers on InP integrated photonics have not been able to offer high angular resolution, due to the technological challenges in realizing a large emission aperture. In this paper, we ...propose the creation of waveguide-based grating antennas fabricated in SiO 2 super-cladding on InP membrane on silicon (IMOS) to achieve simultaneously high resolution and good compatibility with InP-based active devices. By exploiting the high dry etch selectivity between SiO 2 and InP, a tolerant fabrication process is proposed and demonstrated, allowing for high controllability in the process. Device parameters including buffer thickness and pitch have been explored to obtain an optimized design. A 2-mm long grating antenna is fabricated and shows a record narrow full-width-half-maximum angular beam width of 0.05° and a high spatial resolution of more than 250 points when the wavelength is tuned over a range of 100 nm.
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