Na temelju teološko-katehetske, religiozno-pedagoške i sociološke literature u radu su predstavljeni rezultati kvalitativnoga istraživanja o promišljanjima odgojiteljica, vjeroučitelja/ica i ...ravnatelja Zagrebačke i Sisačko-moslavačke županije u kojoj mjeri kršćanska vjera pomaže pronaći smisao u vremenu krize pandemije i potresa te pruža li čvrstu nadu kao oslonac u različitim okolnostima radi poboljšanja kvalitete života u predškolskim ustanovama, Centrima za odgoj i obrazovanje, osnovnim i srednjim školama. U prvom dijelu ovoga znanstvenoga rada ukratko je objašnjena metodologija kvalitativnih istraživanja koja pruža mogućnost detaljnijega i dubljega sagledavanja i razumijevanje problema koji se istražuje. Iskazi sugovornika u dubinskom intervjuu o promišljanjima pred izazovima pandemije i potresa, opisani u drugom dijelu rada, omogućuju dublje razumijevanje percepcije aktualnoga stanja u odgojno-obrazovnim ustanovama s posebnim naglaskom na duhovno-vjerničkim proživljavanjima vremena u kojem živimo. Dobiveni rezultati pokazuju da se intervjuirani vjeroučitelji, unatoč općeljudskim osjećajima straha, anksioznosti, nesigurnosti, tjeskobe i izgubljenosti, uspijevaju hrabro i odvažno nositi kroz ovo vrijeme zahvaljujući čvrstom pouzdanju u Boga, molitvi, vjeri i nadi, što je evidentno u njihovu još zauzetijem i predanijem radu s djecom i mladima.
Based on the theological-catechetical, religious-pedagogical, and sociological literature, the paper presents the results of qualitative research on the reflections of educators, religious teachers, and principals of Zagreb and Sisak-Moslavina counties on the extent to which the Christian faith helps to find meaning in times of crises due to the pandemic and the earthquake, and does it provide firm hope and support in different circumstances to improve the quality of life in preschool institutions, Centers for Education, primary and secondary schools. The first part of this scientific paper briefly explains the methodology of qualitative research, which provides the possibility of more detailed and deeper consideration and understanding of the problem researched. The second part of the paper brings the statements of the participants of this in-depth interview and their thoughts regarding the challenges set before them by the pandemic and the earthquake. They provide a deeper understanding of the perception of the current situation in educational institutions, with emphasis on spiritual and religious experiences of the time we live in. The results show that despite the general feeling of fear, anxiety, insecurity, angst, and loss, the interviewed religious teachers manage to cope in these times bravely and boldly, thanks to their trust in God, prayer, faith, and hope, which is evident in their even more involved and dedicated work with children and young people.
Based on the theological-catechetical, religious-pedagogical, and sociological literature, the paper presents the results of qualitative research on the reflections of educators, religious teachers, ...and principals of Zagreb and Sisak-Moslavina counties on the extent to which the Christian faith helps to find meaning in times of crises due to the pandemic and the earthquake, and does it provide firm hope and support in different circumstances to improve the quality of life in preschool institutions, Centers for Education, primary and secondary schools. The first part of this scientific paper briefly explains the methodology of qualitative research, which provides the possibility of more detailed and deeper consideration and understanding of the problem researched. The second part of the paper brings the statements of the participants of this in-depth interview and their thoughts regarding the challenges set before them by the pandemic and the earthquake. They provide a deeper understanding of the perception of the current situation in educational institutions, with emphasis on spiritual and religious experiences of the time we live in. The results show that despite the general feeling of fear, anxiety, insecurity, angst, and loss, the interviewed religious teachers manage to cope in these times bravely and boldly, thanks to their trust in God, prayer, faith, and hope, which is evident in their even more involved and dedicated work with children and young people.
The incentive for revalorization of aging and old age derives from the tendencies of modern society which looks upon this stage in life with depreciation and stigmatization of the expending agents of ...pension, social and healthcare funds. It is therefore necessary to affirm this stage in life by promoting vitalizing tendencies of the positive aspect of healthy and active aging with bioethical-legal protection and empathic support from the pastoral proximity of church-pastoral models.
Poticaj za revalorizacijom starosti i starije dobi proizlazi iz tendencija suvremenoga društva koje na to životno doba gleda s obezvrijeđivanjem i stigmatizacijom trošnih agenata mirovinskih, ...socijalnih i zdravstvenih fondova. Stoga je potrebno afirmirati tu životnu etapu s pomoću
promovirajuće tendencije vitalizirajućega ukazivanja pozitivnoga vidika zdravoga i aktivnoga starenja uz bioetičko-pravnu zaštićenost i empatijsku podršku pastoralne blizine crkveno-pastoralnih modela.
U radu su opisane odrednice identiteta vjeroučitelja laika na temelju teorijske teološko–katehetske literature te navedeni pokazatelji dosadašnjih istraživanja na tom području. Sagledavanje pojma ...vjeroučiteljeva identiteta odnosi se na njegovu poziciju crkvenog poslanika i dionika hrvatskog školskog sustava u koji ulaze sadržaji katoličke vjere, religioznog odgoja i kulture. Kako bi se navedene
odrednice mogle odjelotvoriti u odgojno–obrazovnom procesu, vjeroučitelja se promatra kao snažnu i duhovnu osobu koja autentičnim životom svjedoči vjeru i doseže zadana obrazovna postignuća u okviru nastave katoličkog vjeronauka.
Kršćanska duhovnost u ovom radu predstavlja ishodište duhovnosti vjeroučitelja laika. Teorijska istraživanja sintetiziraju mnogostruke karakteristike vjeroučiteljeve duhovnosti, od kojih je primarna tzv. funkcionalna duhovnost (spiritualità funzionale) koja ga bitno određuje, a svojstvena je vjeroučiteljevoj službi u školi i župnoj zajednici. Kvalitativno istraživanje provedeno metodom dubinskih intervjua, opisanih u ovom radu, te metodološki postupci transkripcije, redukcije i prikaza podataka omogućuju dublje razumijevanje percepcije vlastite duhovnosti vjeroučitelja laika u današnjem društvu. Navedeno kvalitativno istraživanje predstavlja iskorak u odnosu na dosadašnja istraživanja jer podatci dobiveni
dubinskim intervjuom donose inovativne spoznaje o duhovnosti vjeroučitelja u Republici Hrvatskoj.
The article describes the determinants of the lay catechist’s identity based on theoretical theological–catechetical literature. Also cited are indicators of research done up to the present time in this area. This approach to the concept of the catechist’s identity pertains to his position as an emissary of the Church and participant in the Croatian
school system into which content of the Catholic faith, religious upbringing and culture have gained entrance. In order that the cited determinants may be applied in the education process, the catechist is regarded as a strong and spiritual person whose authentic life is a testimony of faith and who accomplishes educational tasks within the framework of Catholic catechism class. Christian spirituality represents in this article the fountainhead of the lay catechist’s spirituality. Theoretical research synthesizes the manifold characteristics of the catechist’s spirituality among which
the primary characteristic is functional spirituality, or ‘spiritualità funzionale’ as it is called, and which essentially determines the person, as well as being inherent in the catechist’s ministry both in the school and parish community. Qualitative research carried out by means of the in–depth interview method as described in this essay, and also methodological procedures such as transcription, reduction and presentation of data make possible a deeper understanding of the lay catechist’s spirituality as perceived by society today. The above–mentioned qualitative research represents a departure
from research done up until now because data gained through the in–depth interview conveys innovative knowledge regarding the Croatian catechist’s spirituality in the Republic of Croatia.
Na temelju teorijske teološko-katehetske literature u radu su opisane relevantne značajke duhovnog vodstva, kao i njegovo značenje za trajni rast i cjeloživotno napredovanje u duhovnosti ...vjeroučitelja laika u Hrvatskoj. U prvom dijelu ovog rada riječ je o pojmu i značenju duhovnog vodstva, o njegovim bitnim sastavnicama s posebnim naglaskom na prisutnost i djelovanje Duha Svetog, kao primarnog učitelja, oživotvoritelja i prvog duhovnog vođe svakog kršćanina. U procesu duhovnog vođenja osoba duhovnog voditelja ima nezaobilaznu ulogu i značenje sa svim njegovim bogatim duhovno-vjerničkim kvalitetama. Iz mnoštva karakteristika elaboriranih u teološko‑katehetskoj i stručnoj literaturi izdvojene su samo one relevantne za profil duhovnog vođe vjeroučitelja laika. Iskazi intervjuiranih vjeroučiteljâ o duhovnom vodstvu dobiveni kvalitativnim istraživanjem provedenim metodom dubinskih intervjua, opisani u drugom dijelu ovog rada, omogućuju dublje razumijevanje percepcije duhovnog vodstva vjeroučitelja i njegove neizostavne uloge u duhovnoj formaciji. Intervjuirani vjeroučitelji u kvalitativnom istraživanju navode i interpretiraju svoje potrebe za duhovnim vodstvom, sadržaje i prijedloge za promicanje daljnjeg rasta u duhovnosti. Autorica članka predlaže da se više pozornosti posveti znanstvenom i stručnom istraživanju i analizi fenomena, koji je obrađen u ovom radu te njegovoj implementaciji u predstojećoj reformi na Katoličkome bogoslovnom fakultetu Sveučilišta u Zagrebu
U teorijskom se dijelu ovoga rada ukazuje na to da odgoj i obrazovanje među ostalim, obuhvaća i duhovni aspekt. Svi promatrani elementi (ljubavkreativnost, empatija, otvorenost, smisao, mudrost, ...moralnost, sloboda, odgovornost, prihvaćanje i dr.) sastavnice su širega društvenoga, kulturnog i prirodnog konteksta, a u ovom su radu promatrane kao komponente duhovnoga aspekta povezanoga s odgojem i obrazovanjem. Konkretna očitovanja duhovnoga aspekta kao jednoga od komponenata ocjelovljenja odgoja i obrazovanja prepoznata su u iskazima učitelja (N=204) u odgovorima na pitanja o izboru učiteljskoga zvanja i ustrajanja u tom zvanjuDobiveni rezultati pokazuju da je u najvećem udjelu zastupljena ljubav (prema djeci i prema poučavanju) kao poticaj za izbor i ustrajanje u učiteljskom zvanju.
Status quaestionis disertacije obilježen je aktualnošću pitanja duhovnosti u općem i užem kršćanskom smislu. Kako je iz naslova razvidno (Duhovnost vjeroučitelja vjernika laika u hrvatskim suvremenim ...crkveno-društvenim uvjetima), istraživanje je usredotočeno na uže specijalizirano pitanje kršćanske duhovnosti vjeroučitelja vjernika laika u Hrvatskoj. Doktorski rad strukturiran je u dva dijela. U prvom dijelu u tri poglavlja istražuje se teološko-katehetska utemeljenost vjeroučiteljeve duhovnosti, koja se ogleda u definiranom konceptu. Riječ je o definiciji vjeroučiteljeve duhovnosti koja proizlazi iz sakramenata kršćanske inicijacije u interakciji s ostvarivanjem njegova crkvenog mandata da bude vjeroučitelj. Ishodište te duhovnosti duboko je antropološki i kristološko-eklezijalno obilježeno. Budući da duhovnost po svojoj naravi treba biti provjeravana u praktičnom životu i radu, njezino teorijsko obzorje u pokoncilskom vremenu transponira se u konkretne modele; zato autorica u trećem poglavlju kritički propituje pet relevantnih modela za formaciju vjeroučitelja s duhovnom dimenzijom u europskom okruženju. Polazeći od rezultata istraživanja u prvome dijelu, drugi dio disertacije, isto tako u tri poglavlja, usredotočen je na izradu primjerenog formacijskog modela vjeroučitelja u hrvatskim crkveno-društvenim uvjetima. U prva dva poglavlja provodi se empirijsko kvalitativno istraživanje u cilju identifikacije polazišne situacije. Na temelju analize dobivenih rezultata i teološko-katehetskih promišljanja hrvatskih autora, u trećem zaključnom poglavlju donosi se predložak za kreiranje suvremenog, prepoznatljivo hrvatskoga modela u formaciji vjeroučitelja s integriranom duhovnom dimenzijom; predložak je strukturiran na općeprihvaćenoj trodimenzionalnoj okvirnoj shemi kompetencija (vjero)učitelja za 21. stoljeće: biti-znati-znati činiti. Autorica se služi stručno-znanstvenom literaturom na više jezika (hrvatski, talijanski, njemački, francuski) i dokumentima crkvenoga Učiteljstva. Sukladno naravi istraživanja slijedi se više međusobno komplementarnih metoda: metoda prikaza, analize, sinteze i komparacije, te metoda dubinskoga intervjua i metoda projiciranja modela. Doprinos disertacije ogleda se u izvorno znanstvenim rezultatima, korisnim za promicanje formacije vjeroučitelja s integriranom duhovnom dimenzijom.
In her doctoral dissertation, the authoress proceeds from the expressly real question of spirituality in its broadly human sense as well as in its narrow Christian sense. In its transition from the second and into the third millennium, the question of spirituality becomes one of the central interests for the contemporary man of various cultures, religions, geographic locations, including those who are agnostics or atheists. Conducive to the question, the newest scientific investigations and discoveries in the disciplines governing the natural, biomedical and humanistic sciences speak to the issue of indispensible urgency to study and develop the science governing man’s spirit as an integrative part of human beings. (E. Kandel, B. Lipton, D. Amen, E. Coerth, et. al.) When speaking of Christian spirituality, one must seek substantiation of that reality in the fact that through the flow of the past few centuries, spirituality was repressed to the very margins of life. The authoress of the dissertation does not deal with the hypothesis governing the motives of the contemporary renascence of spirituality; she, to the contrary, limits herself to stressing the fact that the question of spirituality has entered into the first plan, and that it has today become a part of consciousness to such an extent that it could be classified as a sign of the times which points to a true need for the world of today. Contemporary interest in spirituality firstly points to the imperative need to fundamentally contemplate the subject inasmuch as theology has neglected to engage the subject of spirituality for centuries. This new factual state of spirituality imposes upon theology the task of integrating spirituality into theological epistemology as one of its areas of specialization. It is important to stress the fact that at the impetus of the Second Vatican Council, as well as among Christians, the wish to return to the root sources of spirituality was begun. It is a question of new leavening which generated various spiritual expressions depending on the ambient wherein it was found. In this context, the words of Pope John Paul II are better understood when he states that the perspective of holiness must be placed within the pastoral journey of the entire Church (Novo millennio ineunte, 30). This turning point, which began at the impetus of the Pope, is of significant consequence to Christian life. Inasmuch as a person is vaccinated in Christ through Baptism, he becomes the dwelling place of the Holy Spirit and enters into the realm of Divine Holiness; hence, it is inconceivable that a baptized person could be satisfied with an average Christian life or a minimalistic ethic. This ideal of Christ, the Pope stresses, must not be erroneously understood, that is, in such a manner that we are speaking of some sort of extraordinary state of life which can only be lived by a few men of great holiness inasmuch as such paths are multifaceted and are a suitable path for everyman, including laymen catechists. The fundamental call for the catechist, be he a layman, a priest, or a religious priest or nun, is, before all else, based on the essence of what a Christian is and is shaped by the Holy Ghost in such a manner that his life, in its very essence, is signified by deep Christian spirituality. Inasmuch as a catechist is, first of all, a Christian, the dissertation poses the question as to whether or not the spirituality of the catechist has some specific point of reference. In the event the answer is positive, the logical question is further posited which asks whether or not this specificity of spirituality on the part of the catechist must be called to a particular service on behalf of the Church which he fulfills within society. For this reason, the fundamental question with which the dissertation deals is the dilemma as to how one can speak of a spirituality which is exclusively typical of catechists given the various forms and styles found in life. A large number of consulted authors are of the mind that a catechist can and must have a specific spirituality, as intimated by the very Canonic mandate on the basis of which the catechist carries out his specific service to the Church. This service comes to be realized through a gift from the Holy Ghost with whom the catechist is called to a lasting and open cooperation not only in his common Christian call but in his specific role as catechist. In this manner, and with right, one can and must speak of the spirituality of a Catechist which by its very function is his call to mission by the Church. The dissertation reflects a two-part structure. As is evident from its title, namely, The Theological—Catechetical Spiritual Foundation for the Lay Catechist, the first part concentrates on the theological—catechetical spiritual foundation of the lay catechist. Hence, the subject of investigation of the first chapter of the dissertation, namely, The Theological-Catechetical Starting Points, are the contemporary concepts of spirituality as based on its theological—catechetical foundations. When speaking of the concrete concept of spirituality, one must not lose sight of the fact that we differentiate spirituality as a lived or practiced reality, that is, an intellectual Christian life from that of spirituality as a scientific discipline used to investigate that reality. If our reflections about spirituality remain fixed on spirituality as a sub-specialized discipline of theology, then, among other things, in its systematization we come to differentiate the particular spirituality which applies to one or more persons, and can, then, also include the spirituality of Croatian catechists as well. It follows from the investigations that what is at work is Christian spirituality as the source of the spirituality of a catechist which the apostolic admonition, Christifideles laici (1990), defines as being the spirituality appropriate to laymen. Inasmuch as spiritual life does not consist of speculations only, one must also integrate Christian spiritual experience along with its spiritual dimension as an essential component found in the lay catechist as marked by the complex historical, societal, and cultural circumstances found in the Republic of Croatia. The subject of the deliberations of the second chapter of the dissertation, namely, Post-Conciliar Guidelines for the Magisterium consist of general as well as regional magisterial directions. As universal guidelines, the most important documents are taken into account: Evangelii Nuntiandi (1975), The General Catechetical Directory, (1971), Catechesi Tradendae, (1979), The Universal Directory for Catechetics, 1997) and Christifideles laici, 1990). As guidelines for regional Churches, the documents from two European Bishops’ Conferences, were taken into consideration: The Joyful Proclamation of the Gospels and Upbringing in Faith, (1983), The Plan and Program for Catholic Education in Elementary Schools, (1998), and Called to Holiness, (2002), and those of the Italian Bishops’ Conference: Il Rinnovamento della catechesi (1970), La formazione dei catechisti nella comunità Cristiana, (1986), and Orientamenti e itinerari di formazione dei catechisti, (1991), and those of the German Bishops’ Conference: Zur Spiritualität des Religionslehrers, (1987). The first part of the dissertation establishes that the theological-catechetical investigations and documents of the Magisterium stand in reciprocal relationship wherein the specific foundation for spirituality of catechists is given with definitional specificity. Within that perspective, it is difficult to determin
Iz Katekizma Katoličke Crkve i teološke literature proizlazi da su sakramenti ‘žarišne točke› Božjeg djelovanja u Crkvi i ostvarenje njezinog spasenjskog poslanja evidentnog u životu i djelovanju ...suvremenog vjeroučitelja. U prvom dijelu znanstvenog rada predstavljen je službeni nauk Crkve te teološka promišljanja relevantnih autora o sakramentima, posebice pomirenja, euharistije i ženidbe, kojima su vjeroučitelji pridavali većinsku pozornost u kvalitativnom istraživanju. Njihova interpretacija oslanja se na neke uporišne točke suvremene kršćanske sakramentologije, što je predmet drugog dijela znanstvenog diskursa, koji u središte promišljanja stavlja konkretna poimanja i očitovanja vjeroučiteljeve sakramentalne duhovnosti dobivene kvalitativnim istraživanjem, metodom napola strukturiranog ili dubinskog intervjua, u čemu se ujedno očituje i novost ovoga rada. Intervjuirani vjeroučitelji potvrđuju važnost teorijskih promišljanja o sakramentima, no ipak prednost daju konkretnom svjedočkom življenju usvojenih sadržaja i njihovu prenošenju na vjeroučenike.
It follows from the Catechism of the Catholic Church and the theological literature that the sacraments are the 'focal point' of God's action in the Church and the realization of her saving mission evident in the life and work of the modern religious teacher. The first part of the scientific paper presents the official teaching of the Church and the theological reflections of relevant authors on the sacraments, especially reconciliation, Eucharist and marriage, to which religious teachers paid most attention in qualitative research. Their interpretation relies on some strong points of contemporary Christian sacramentology, which is the subject of the second part of the scientific discourse, which puts at the center of reflection concrete notions and manifestations of the sacramental spirituality obtained by qualitative research, the method of semi-structured or in-depth interview. The interviewed religious teachers confirm the importance of theoretical reflections on the sacraments; however, they still give priority to the concrete witnessing of the adopted contents and transmission to the religious students.
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