Water harvesting is crucially important for arid regions where the deficits in rainfall are irregular and a great amount of this water is rapidly lost due to surface runoff. In the arid areas, water ...harvesting is directly related to process of plant growth and conservation of soil and water. Water harvesting is based on the principle of preventing a part of the land, which is usually small and non-productive, from getting the share of rain and adding it to the share of another part. This makes the amount of water available for the crop area and thereby contributes to economic and agricultural production. The most important land-based on micro catchments and farm water-harvesting systems in the arid areas are Contour ridges, Semi-circular and trapezoidal bunds, Small pits, Small runoff basins, Run-off strips, Inter-row systems, Meskat, and Contour-bench terraces. In this study, firstly, a detailed review on on-farm water-harvesting systems was performed. Secondly, a field experiment was carried out to determine the effect of water harvesting with run-off strip method on lentil yield. The experiment was conducted in Soil and Water Research Station, Şanlıurfa, Turkey. The area had low rainfall (370 mm year-1) and high evaporation (2048 mm year-1). Conventional and runoff strip method were applied with tree replication on plot of 12x2.8 m under the same condition. The straw and seed yields of control and Strip Plots application were 2663.7 and 4602 kg ha-1, and 565.5 and 1160.1 kg ha-1 respectively. The results show that the runoff strips method increased straw and grain yield significantly. In addition, recent studies have proved that runoff strip method has the potential to hinder soil erosion by promoting water and crop productivity.
Effect of Water Harvesting with Runoff Strip Method on Lentil Yield in Şanlıurfa Province SÜRÜCÜ, Abdulkadir; Bingöl Üniversitesi, Ziraat Fakültesi, Toprak Bölümü ve Bitki Besleme Bölümü; GÜNEŞ, Meryem; Gaziantep Fıstık Araştırma, Toprak, Gaziantep, Türkiye; YÜKSEL, Alaaddin; Gap Tarımsal Araştırma Enstitüsü, Su yönetimi, Şanlıurfa, Türkiye ...
Türkiye Tarımsal Araştırmalar Dergisi; Cilt 1, Sayı 1 (2014); 18-23,
03/2014
Journal Article
Peer reviewed
Kurak bölgelerde yağmur suları büyük miktarda düzensizdir ve bu sular hızla yüzey akış nedeniyle kaybolur. Su hasadı kurak bölgeler için son derece önemlidir. Kurak alanlarda, su hasadı doğrudan ...bitki büyüme ve toprak ve su korunması süreci ile ilgilidir. Su hasadı, arazinin bir bölümüne düşen genellikle az ve verimsiz yağmur suyu payını, bir başka bölüm arazisinin payına ekleyerek bu payı iki katına çıkarma ilkesine dayanmaktadır. Bu da ikinci bölge için gerekli sulama suyu miktarını karşılar duruma getirmekte ve böylece ekonomik tarımsal üretime katkıda bulunmaktadır. Kurak alanlarda uygulanan en önemli mikro havza ve çiftlik su toplama sistemleri; kontur sırtlar, yarı dairesel ve trapez setler, küçük çukurlar, küçük akış havzaları, yüzey akış şeritleri, inter-satır sistemleri, meskat ve kontur olan-tezgah teraslardır. Bu çalışmada, öncelikle çiftlik su toplama sistemlerinde ayrıntılı bir inceleme yapılmıştır. İkinci olarak, yüzey akış şeritleriyöntemi ile su hasadının mercimek verimi üzerine etkisini belirlemek amacıyla bir tarla denemesi yapılmıştır. Araştırma, Şanlıurfa Toprak ve Su Araştırma İstasyonu arazisinde yürütülmüştür. Alan, düşük yağış (370 mm yıl-1) ve yüksek buharlaşmaya (2048 mm yıl-1) sahiptir. Konvansiyonel ve yüzey akış şeritleri yöntemi aynı koşullar altında 12x2.8 m parsel üzerinde uygulanmıştır. Araştırma sonucuna göre, kontrol ve yüzey akış şeritleri için saman ve tohum verimi sırasıyla SÜRÜCÜ et al.2663.7 ve 4602 kg ha-1ve 565.5 ve 1160.1 kg ha-1bulunmuştur. Sonuçlar yüzey akış şeritler yönteminin önemli ölçüde mercimeğin saman ve tane verimini arttırdığını göstermektedir. Buna ek olarak, yüzey akış şerit yöntemi su ve ürün verimliliğini teşvik ederek toprak erozyonunu engellemek için önemli bir potansiyele sahip olduğunu kanıtlamıştır
Water harvesting is crucially important for arid regions where the deficits in rainfall are irregular and a greatamount of this water is rapidly lost due to surface runoff. In the arid areas, water harvesting is directly related to process ofplant growth and conservation of soil and water. Water harvesting is based on the principle of preventing a part of the land,which is usually small and non-productive, from getting the share of rain and adding it to the share of another part. Thismakes the amount of water available for the crop area and thereby contributes to economic and agricultural production. Themost important land-based on micro catchments and farm water-harvesting systems in the arid areas are Contour ridges,Semi-circular and trapezoidal bunds, Small pits, Small runoff basins, Run-off strips, Inter-row systems, Meskat, andContour-bench terraces. In this study, firstly, a detailed review on on-farm water-harvesting systems was performed.Secondly, a field experiment was carried out to determine the effect of water harvesting with run-off strip method on lentilyield. The experiment was conducted in Soil and Water Research Station, Şanlıurfa, Turkey. The area had low rainfall (370mm year-1) and high evaporation (2048 mm year-1). Conventional and runoff strip method were applied with tree replicationon plot of 12x2.8 m under the same condition. The straw and seed yields of control and Strip Plots application were 2663.7and 4602 kg ha-1, and 565.5 and 1160.1 kg ha-1 respectively. The results show that the runoff strips method increased strawand grain yield significantly. In addition, recent studies have proved that runoff strip method has the potential to hinder soilerosion by promoting water and crop productivity.
Novel phthalonitrile and zinc (II) phthalocyanines containing pharmacological active molecules like morpholine and triazole were prepared and characterized. The new compounds were obtained by both ...microwave assisted and conventional method. The structure of compounds were characterized by elemental analysis, IR, UV/vis, 1H NMR, 13C NMR and Mass spectroscopy techniques. All compounds were screened for anti-xanthine oxidase (anti-XO) activities. The compound 3 showed promising XO inhibition with IC50 value as 0.082 ± 0.004 mM. Phthalocyanine compounds did not show XO inhibition due to high aggregation tendency and low solubility.
Novel phthalonitrile and zinc (II) phthalocyanines containing pharmacological active molecules like morpholine and triazole were prepared and characterized. The phthalonitrile compound 3 showed promising XO inhibition with IC50 value as 0.082 ± 0.004 mM. Phthalocyanine compounds did not show XO inhibition due to high aggregation tendency and low solubility. Display omitted
•Novel phthalocyanines containing new triazole were synthesized and characterized.•Electronic absorption spectra of phthalocyanines was reported.•Xanthine oxidase inhibition properties of new compounds were investigated.
The new compound of 5-(2-Methoxy-4-(prop-1-en-1-yl)phenoxy)pyrazine-2,3-dicarbonitrile was synthesized and structure was characterized by using XRD, FT-IR and NMR techniques. All theoretical ...computations were calculated by using density functional theory (DFT) B3LYP method with the help of 6-31 + G(d) basis set. Theoretical calculations help to obtaining detailed information about chemical activity, electrophilic/nucleophilic nature, molecular and chemical properties that can not be obtained by experimental ways. Accordingly, molecular electrostatic potential, hardness/softness parameters, net charges analyses were investigated to gain electrophilic/nucleophilic nature of molecule. Also, the electron density based local reactivity descriptors such as Fukui functions were discussed with regard to electrophilic/nucleophilic nature. The results from natural bond orbital analysis were analyzed interms of the hybridization of atoms and the electronic structure of the title molecule. The stability of the molecule arising from hyperconjugative interactions, charge delocalization was analyzed by using natural bond orbital analysis. The dipole moment (μ) and polarizability (α), and first order hyperpolarizability (β) of the molecule was reported and the results of these were given information about the material capability to generate non-linear effects (NLO). The interactions between the molecule with DNA bases such as adenine, cytosine, guanine, and thymine were investigated by using the ECT (electrophilicity-based charge transfer) method and ΔN (charge transfer).
•The title compound characterized by FT-IR, NMR and XRD techniques.•Local&global chemical activity analysis were investigated.•HSA revealed the nature of intermolecular contacts, FPs and MS contours.•The title compound and DNA bases were determined by using the ECT method and the parameter ΔN.
In this paper, we report first, a new synthesis of bis(2-methoxy-4-((E)-prop-1-enyl)phenyl)oxalate, namely, C22H22O6, (I). Then, we present detailed FTIR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR spectroscopies and ...single-crystal X-ray diffraction techniques, Hartree-Fock (HF) and Density Functional Theory (DFT) molecular orbital calculation study of the title compound. Compound (I) crystallizes in the monoclinic space group P21/c, with Z = 2 in cells with a = 6.3440(5)Å, b = 10.1098(9)Å, c = 16.1899(15)Å, V = 1035.65(16)Å3 and displays weak C-H⋯O intermolecular interaction which contributes to crystal packing. The molecular geometry was also calculated using the Gaussian03W software, and structure was optimized using the HF and DFT/B3LYP methods with the 6-31G(d,p) basis set at the ground state. The harmonic vibrational frequencies, 1H and 13C NMR chemical shifts of I were calculated using the same method with the 6-31G(d,p) basis set. The calculated results show that the predicted geometry can well reproduce structural parameters. The energetic behaviors of the title compound in solvent media were examined using the DFT/B3LYP method with the 6-31G(d,p) basis set applying the Polarizable Continuum Model (PCM). Besides, the frontier molecular orbitals (FMOs), Mulliken population method, natural population analysis (NPA), molecular electrostatic potential (MEP) map of the title compound were investigated by theoretical calculations. Based on vibrational analyses, the thermodynamic properties of I at different temperatures have been calculated, and corresponding relations between the properties and temperature have also been obtained.
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•Herein we report the synthesis of bis(2-methoxy-4-((E)-prop-1-enyl)phenyl)oxalate.•The compound was structurally characterized by spectroscopic and X-ray measurements.•Experimental parameters were compared using the DFT with B3LYP/6-31G(d,p) basis set.
There are many studies about effects on health of compounds having azo groups in literature. However, anticancer, antimicrobial and antioxidant properties of phthalocyanines containing azo dyes are ...unknown. Therefore, the new metallophthalocyanines (M: Mn, Co, Zn) substituted with resorcinol azo dyes were synthesized and anticancer, antimicrobial and antioxidant properties investigated. All phthalocyanines were synthesized by the microwave assisted method. The structures were characterized by elemental analysis, 1H NMR, 13C NMR, UV/vis, IR and Mass spectroscopy techniques. The antioxidant capacities were analyzed through radical scavenging of DPPH and chelating ability to ferrous cation. The highest DPPH activity was obtained from compounds (1c and 2c) and the best ferrous ion chelating activity was determined from compound 2. The antibiotic activities were evaluated by disc diffusion method. Compound 2 exhibited antibacterial activity against studied bacteria, but the other compounds had no significant antibacterial effect. Cytotoxicity, apoptotic and necrotic effects were examined on cancer cells MCF-7 and healthy fibroblast cells. Compounds 1, 1a and 2a seem to be proper for the future cancer therapy researches. pKa values were determined by potentiometrically according to the half-neutralization method in N,N-dimethyl formamide. The effect of pH on the electronic absorption spectra of compounds (1, 2, 1c and 2c) was reported. The newly synthesized compounds show positive solvatochromism behavior.
The new metallophthalocyanines (M: Mn, Co, Zn) substituted with resorcinol azo dyes were described. The highest DPPH activity was obtained from compounds 1c–2c and the best ferrous ion chelating activity was determined for compound 2. Compounds 1, 1a and 2a seem to be proper for the future cancer therapy researches. Display omitted
•Novel phthalocyanines containing azo dyes were synthesized and characterized.•Antioxidant capacities of these compounds were analyzed.•Antibiotic activities of these compounds were evaluated.•Cytotoxic effects were examined on cancer and fibroblast cells.•The effect of pH on electronic absorption spectra of compounds was reported.
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•Herein we report the synthesis of bis(2-methoxyphenyl)oxalate.•The compound was structurally characterized by spectroscopic and X-ray measurements.•Theoretical and experimental data ...of the vibrational and NMR spectra are investigated.•Experimental parameters were compared using the DFT with B3LYP/6-31G(d,p) basis set.
The aim of this study is to find out the molecular characteristic and structural parameters that govern the chemical behavior of a new (2-methoxyphenyl)oxalate compound and to compare predictions made from theory with experimental observations. The title compound, (2-methoxyphenyl)oxalate, (I), (C16H14O6), has been synthesized. The compound has been characterized by elemental analysis, IR, 1H NMR, 13C NMR spectroscopies and single crystal X-ray diffraction techniques. Optimized molecular structure, harmonic vibrational frequencies, 1H and 13C NMR chemical shifts have been investigated by B3LYP/6-31G(d,p) method using density functional theory (DFT). The calculated results show that the predicted geometry can well reproduce structural parameters. In addition, global chemical reactivity descriptors, molecular electrostatic potential map (MEP), frontier molecular orbitals (FMOs), Mulliken population method and natural population analysis (NPA) and thermodynamic properties have also been studied. The energetic behavior of title compound has been examined in solvent media using polarizable continuum model (PCM).
This work deals with experimental and theoretical study of the 4-(2-methoxy-4-(prop-1-enyl)phenoxy)phthalonitrile (MPPP). The MPPP was synthesized and characterized by FT-IR and NMR, and X-ray ...single-crystal determination. Hirshfeld surface analysis revealed the nature of intermolecular contacts, the fingerprint plots and molecular surface contours provided the information about the percentage contribution and bond interactions. The structural data of the molecule in the ground state was calculated using the DFT employing B3LYP/6-311++G(d,p) basis set. The energetic behavior of the organic dye sensitizer MPPP in solvent media was examined. In addition, chemical activity, NLO, net charges by MPA & NPA, MEP and Fukui function analysis were investigated. Based on vibrational analysis, the thermodynamic properties were calculated at different temperatures and corresponding relations between the properties and temperature were obtained.
Inflammatory mechanisms play an important role in both atherosclerosis and stroke. There are several inflammatory peripheral blood count markers associated with carotid artery stenosis degree, ...symptomatic carotid artery lesions and carotid artery stent restenosis that reported in previous studies. However, the prognostic role of the blood cell counts and their ratios in predicting in-hospital and long-term outcomes in patients undergoing carotid artery stenting (CAS) has not been comprehensively investigated. Systemic immune-inflammation index (SII) proved its’ efficiency in patients with solid tumors and its’ role was rarely examined in cardiovascular disorders and stroke. The current study evaluated the effect of this novel risk index on in-hospital and long-term outcomes in a large patient population who underwent CAS.
A total of 732 patients with carotid artery stenosis who underwent CAS were enrolled to the study. SII was calculated using the following formula: neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio × total platelet count in the peripheral blood (per mm3) and the patients were stratified accordingly: T1, T2 and T3. In-hospital and 5-year outcomes were compared between the tertiles of SII.
During the hospitalization, major stroke, ipsilateral stoke, myocardial infarction, death and major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) rates were significantly higher in high SII level (T3) compared to SII levels (T1 and 2). In long-term outcomes, ipsilateral stroke, major stroke, transient ischemic attack, death, and MACE were significantly higher in the patients with higher SII level (T3). The 5-year Kaplan-Meier overall survival for T1, T2, and T3 were 97.5%, 96.7% and 86.0% respectively. In-hospital and 5-year regression analyses demonstrated that high SII was independently associated with MACE and mortality.
SII was independently associated with in-hospital and long-term clinical outcomes in patients undergoing CAS. Immune and inflammation status, as assessed easily and quickly using SII, has a good discriminative value in these patients.
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