The grasslands of Inner Mongolia are not only the source of the necessary resources for the survival and development of herdsmen, but also represent a significant green ecological barrier in North ...China. Coal-mining production is important in maintaining GDP growth in Inner Mongolia. However, over-exploitation has created serious problems, such as pollution of the environment and significant decreases in grassland ecosystem services, in addition to impacting the well-being of herdsmen and other humans. Based on questionnaires survey performed among 864 herdsmen addressing the relationship between coal exploitation in grasslands and human well-being in Xilinguole League in Inner Mongolia, we found that (1) coal resource exploitation in these grasslands does not benefit the herdsmen by increasing their income; (2) the rapid development of this resource has not obviously materially improved the life of the herdsmen; and (3) these activities have increased the risks that herdsman will have to endure in the future. Overall, coal resource exploitation in grasslands has more negative than positive effects on the well-being of herdsmen. We propose the conservation of coal resources and improvement of ecological compensation should be carried out without blindly pursuing economic growth, instead of focusing on economic development and structural adjustments.
•Evaluation of the human well-being of the Xilinguole grassland, Inner Mongolia, China.•Impact of mining affects herdsmen well-being in grassland ecosystem.•Quantity of questionnaires survey.•Addressing the relationship between coal exploitation in grasslands and human well-being.
The process e+e- → Λ Λ ¯ is studied using data samples at √s = 2.2324, 2.400, 2.800 and 3.080 GeV collected with the BESIII detector operating at the BEPCII collider. The Born cross section is ...measured at √s=2.2324 GeV, which is 1.0 MeV above the Λ Λ ¯ mass threshold, to be 305±$45_{-36}^{+66}$ pb, where the first uncertainty is statistical and the second systematic. The substantial cross section near threshold is significantly larger than that expected from theory, which predicts the cross section to vanish at threshold. The Born cross sections at √s=2.400, 2.800 and 3.080 GeV are measured and found to be consistent with previous experimental results, but with improved precision. Finally, the corresponding effective electromagnetic form factors of Λ are deduced.
The evaluation of natural capital and environmental services has always been an important step in the implementation of sustainable development concepts and policies. The results presented in this ...study address the demand for environmental support of the economy of Xilinguole League in the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region as well as the value of its natural and human-made capital. The results show that the reliance of the economy of Xilinguole League on local and imported non-renewable resources (coal and minerals) decreases both the environmental and economic sustainability of the area. Emergy-based performance indicators of the Xilinguole League economy show a low sustainability index (ESI=0.79), though it is higher than for the Chinese economy as a whole (ESI=0.47), as well as a low percentage of renewable resources being used (%REN=0.16, though this is higher than for all of China, 0.09). In contrast, the grassland-based livestock sector shows a higher renewability index (%REN=0.67) and sustainability (ESI=9.61). The emergy exchange ratios (exported emergy/imported emergy) are calculated to be 4.38 for the livestock system and 4.28 for the Xilinguole economy, which is much higher than the value of 1.74 for the overall Chinese economy, indicating uncompensated overexploitation of local systems (meat and coal, respectively). Intensified coal exploitation and intensive cattle grazing are discussed to support the decision-making process for setting local energy policy and ecological compensation. It is proposed that conservation of coal resources (avoiding misuse and moderating excess extraction and trade) and protection of natural grassland capital are more advantageous in emergy terms than the “blind” pursuit of accelerated, economic growth.
•The sustainability of theXilinguole League, Inner Mongolia, China, is assessed.•The study deals with the impact of local coal and grassland overexploitation.•Policies for impact reduction by more appropriate resource use are suggested.•Sustainability assessment is based on the emergy accounting approach.
We present a measurement of the azimuthal asymmetries of two charged pions in the inclusive process e+ e- arrow right pipiX, based on a data set of 62 pb super(-1) at the center-of-mass energy of ...3.65 GeV collected with the BESIII detector. These asymmetries can be attributed to the Collins fragmentation function. We observe a nonzero asymmetry, which increases with increasing pion momentum. As our energy scale is close to that of the existing semi-inclusive deep inelastic scattering experimental data, the measured asymmetries are important inputs for the global analysis of extracting the quark transversity distribution inside the nucleon and are valuable to explore the energy evolution of the spin-dependent fragmentation function.
We study the process e+e−→π+π−ψ(3686) using 5.1 fb−1 of data collected at 16 center-of-mass energy (s) points from 4.008 to 4.600 GeV by the BESIII detector operating at the BEPCII collider. The ...measured Born cross sections for e+e−→π+π−ψ(3686) are consistent with previous results, but with much improved precision. A fit to the cross section shows contributions from two structures: the first has M=4209.5±7.4±1.4 MeV/c2 and Γ=80.1±24.6±2.9 MeV, and the second has M=4383.8±4.2±0.8 MeV/c2 and Γ=84.2±12.5±2.1 MeV, where the first errors are statistical and the second systematic. The lower-mass resonance is observed in the process e+e−→π+π−ψ(3686) for the first time with a statistical significance of 5.8σ. A charged charmoniumlike structure is observed in the π±ψ(3686) invariant mass spectrum for data at s=4.416 GeV. A fit with an S-wave Breit-Wigner function yields a mass M=4032.1±2.4 MeV/c2, where the errors are statistical only. However, there are still unresolved discrepancies between the fit model and data. The width of the intermediate state varies in a wide range for different kinematic regions within the data set. Therefore, no simple interpretation of the data has been found, and a future data sample with larger statistics and more theoretical input will be required to better understand this issue.
Quantum-sized ZnO particles supported on sepiolite was prepared by sol–gel method. The photocatalytic property of the ZnO/sepiolite composites was investigated.
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► ZnO supported on ...sepiolite improve the photocatalytic performance. ► The size of ZnO supported on sepiolite was small. ► The ZnO/sepiolite can be used as adsorbents and photocatalysts. ► The ZnO/sepiolite system was easy to be gathered and recycled.
Quantum-sized ZnO particles supported on sepiolite (ZnO/sepiolite) was prepared by sol–gel method using the sepiolite of acid activation as carrier, zinc acetate dihydrate (Zn(CH
3COO)
2·2H
2O) and lithium hydroxide monohydrate (LiOH·H
2O) as raw material. The size of ZnO which supported on fibrous sepiolite is about 5
nm when calcined at 200
°C. The behavior of ZnO/sepiolite composites in the degradation of C.I. Reactive Blue 4 was investigated. Under the optimal preparation conditions, when the content of ZnO was about 70
wt.% in the nanocomposites, the photocatalytic property of the ZnO/sepiolite was excellent. The degradation rate of 20
mg/L C.I. Reactive Blue 4 could get to 98% in 120
min at room temperature when the concentration of catalyst was 0.2
g/L. The photocatalytic decomposition of organic pollutants accords with a pseudo first-order kinetic. The pH and H
2O
2 influence the degradation rate of the ZnO/sepiolite. The experiment indicated that after the catalyst had been used 5 times repeatedly, the degradation rate had been still above 80%.
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