Type 1 diabetes (T1DM) is a common chronic disease in childhood. Increasing insulin resistance in puberty gives rise to higher doses of insulin usage in treatment. Of this reason new approaches in ...treatment are needed. Noopept researches suggest it to have anti-diabetic properties. We tried to determine the effects of noopept on pubertal diabetes.
The research was made with 60 prepubertal, 28 day-old, male, Sprague Dawley rats. The rats were divided into randomised 6 groups (n = 10/group). i) Control, ii) Diabetes Control, iii) Noopept Control, iv) Diabetes + Noopept, v) Diabetes + Insulin, vi) Diabetes + Insulin + Noopept. T1DM model was induced by streptozotocin on postnatal 28th day. 0.5 mg/kg noopept and 1 IU insulin were administered intraperitoneally for 14 days. Blood glucose and body weight measurements, puberty follow-up and MWM tests were performed. Hippocampus, hypothalamus and testis were evaluated histologically. Hypothalamic GnRH and kisspeptin were studied immunohistochemically. Serum LH, FSH and insulin, hippocampal homogenate NGF and BDNF levels were determined by ELISA.
Delayed puberty was normalized by noopept (p < 0.05). Blood glucose levels were lower in noopept-administered diabetic groups (p < 0.05). Noopept decreased HOMA-IR in insulin administered diabetic group (p < 0.05). Number of degenerated cells in hippocampus and testis were higher in diabetes control group when compared with other groups (p < 0.05). GnRH immunoreactivity in Diabetes + Noopept group was increased when compared to insulin + noopept group (p = 0.018). There was no difference in kisspeptin, serum LH, FSH, hippocampal NGF-BDNF levels and spatial learning assessment among groups (p > 0.05).
Noopept may have positive effect in treatment of pubertal diabetes.
Bu çalışmanın amacı, lisans programlarında yer alan tarih derslerinde birinci el kaynakların kullanım durumunu tespit etmektir. Nitel veri toplama yöntem ve araçlarının kullanıldığı bu araştırmada ...betimsel tarama modeli benimsenmiştir. Araştırmanın çalışma grubunu 2016-2017 akademik yılında Atatürk Üniversitesi Kazım Karabekir Eğitim Fakültesi, Atatürk Üniversitesi Edebiyat Fakültesi ve Erzurum Teknik Üniversitesi Edebiyat Fakültesi’nde görev yapan ve tarih derslerini yürüten toplam 27 öğretim üyesi ile bu fakültelerdeki tarih eğitimi anabilim dalı ve tarih bölümlerinin 4. sınıflarında öğrenimlerini sürdüren toplam 70 öğrenci oluşturmaktadır. Araştırmada veri toplama aracı olarak yarı yapılandırılmış görüşme formu ve açık uçlu anket formu birlikte kullanılmıştır. Çalışmada elde edilen veriler içerik analizi ile çözümlenmiştir. Çalışmanın sonucunda öğretim üyelerinin derslerinde kaynakları çeşitli türlerde kullandıkları görülmüştür. Ancak bu kaynakları sınıflarda geleneksel biçimde ele aldıkları, ilgili literatürde gösterildiği üzere üst düzey düşünme becerilerinin geliştirilmesine yönelik pek kullanmadıkları tespit edilmiştir. Buna ek olarak; gerek öğretim üyelerinden gerekse öğrencilerden elde edilen bulgular; birinci elden kaynaklarla ilgili uygulamalı çalışmaların sınırlı kaldığını, öğrenci merkezli etkinliklere pek başvurulmadığını ve öğretim üyeleri tarafından daha çok görsellerinin gösterilip tanıtıldığını ortaya koymuştur. Öğretmen adaylarının aldıkları eğitimin ortaöğretim derslerinde birinci el kaynakları eğitsel amaçlı kullanmak için yeterli olmadığı görülmektedir
The purpose of this study is to determine the status of use of primary sources in history courses in undergraduate programs. A descriptive survey method was adopted in the study in which qualitative data collection method and tools were used. The sample of the research consisted of 27 lecturers who taught history courses in Kazım Karabekir Faculty of Education in Ataturk University, Faculty of Letters in Ataturk University and Faculty of Letters in Erzurum Technical University and 70 students who were at the 4th grade of the history education and history departments in these faculties in the 2016-2017 academic year. In the research, semi-structured interview form and open-ended questionnaire form were used together as data collection tools. The data obtained in the study were analysed via content analysis. As a result of the study, it was revealed that the lecturers in their lessons used variety of sources. However, it was determined that they used these sources traditionally in the lessons and they did not use them to develop higher-order thinking skills as explained in literature. In addition to this, the findings obtained both from the lecturers and students revealed that the practical studies about primary sources were limited, student-centred activities were not preferred much, and lecturers mostly showed visuals and introduced them. It is seen that the education that teacher candidates received is not sufficient to use primary sources for educational purposes in secondary education classes.
In recent studies, it has been shown that the Transient Receptor Potential Melastatin-2 Channels (TRPM2) and Phospholipases A2 (PLA
) inhibitors may have a protective effect on neurons. This study ...was aimed to investigate the protective effect of TRPM2 and PLA
inhibitor N-(p-amylcinnamoyl) Anthranilic Acid (ACA) in a neurodegenerative model induced by Okadaic Acid (OKA).
OKA (200ng/10μl) was administered bilateral intracerebroventricularly as a single injection.
OKA-treated rats showed significant impairments of spatial memory in Morris Water Maze Test. OKA-induced memory-impaired rats showed increased numbers of degenerated neurons and Caspase-3, tau phosphorylated ser396, β-amyloid positive cells in the hippocampus and cerebral cortex. Furthermore, OKA-treated rats exhibited significantly increased MDA, TNF-α levels, and decreased SOD, GSH-PX enzyme activates and GSH levels of the tissues. ACA administration ameliorated OKA-induced memory impairment in rats. The ACA treatment also increased SOD and GSH-PX enzyme activation and GSH levels, and conversely decreased the levels of MDA, TNF-α. It was found that the numbers of the degenerated neurons and Caspase-3 positive cells of cortex and hippocampus regions were significantly reduced.
ACA administration attenuates the oxidative stress and neuroinflammation of OKA-induced neurodegeneration; and ameliorates the cognitive decline and neurodegeneration.
Aims
Pandemics can cause substantial psychological distress; however, we do not know the impact of the COVID-19 related lockdown and mental health burden on the parents of school age children. We ...aimed to comparatively examine the COVID-19 related the stress and psychological burden of the parents with different occupational, locational, and mental health status related backgrounds.
Methods
A large-scale multicenter online survey was completed by the parents (n = 3,278) of children aged 6 to 18 years, parents with different occupational (health care workers—HCW 18.2% vs. others), geographical (İstanbul 38.2% vs. others), and psychiatric (child with a mental disorder 37.8%) backgrounds.
Results
Multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that being a HCW parent (odds ratio 1.79, p < .001), a mother (odds ratio 1.67, p < .001), and a younger parent (odds ratio 0.98, p = .012); living with an adult with a chronic physical illness (odds ratio 1.38, p < .001), having an acquaintance diagnosed with COVID-19 (odds ratio 1.22, p = .043), positive psychiatric history (odds ratio 1.29, p < .001), and living with a child with moderate or high emotional distress (odds ratio 1.29, p < .001; vs. odds ratio 2.61, p < .001) were independently associated with significant parental distress.
Conclusions
Parents report significant psychological distress associated with COVID-19 pandemic and further research is needed to investigate its wider impact including on the whole family unit.
Axillary complete response (pCR) was observed in approximately half of breast cancer patients who received neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NAC) due to axillary positivity. Preventing axillary morbidity due ...to unnecessary axillary lymph node dissection (ALND) is extremely important for patients' quality of life. Targeted axillary dissection (TAD) is a technique developed to improve axillary staging and reduce the false negative rate in sentinel lymph node biopsy.
Patients with cN1-N2 (clinically node) breast cancer whose axillary lymph node metastasis was confirmed by biopsy and who received NAC marked with a clip were included in the study. Patients who achieved clinical response after systemic treatment underwent sentinel lymph node biopsy (SLNB) with additional methods such as methylene blue guided dissection, skin marking for clip on lymph node (CLN) localization, and wire guided with imaging excision of the CLN. TAD and ALND pathology results were evaluated and analyzed with patient and tumor characteristics.
83 patients who met the eligibility criterias for the study were examined retrospectively. 21 of the patients underwent TAD alone, and 62 patients underwent ALND after TAD. CLN rate was 98.8% in patients underwent only TAD and this rate was increased to 100% in patients underwent ALND after TAD. FNR in SLN, CLN, and TAD were 28.6%, 10.7%, and 3.6%, respectively.
TAD is a feasible and reliable surgical approach to detect axillary residual disease with a high success rate.
Recent studies claim that Type-2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and Alzheimer's disease (AD) overlap in several common pathological pathways which from neuronal damage to impaired memory performance. It is ...known that the use of Rosa canina L. (R. canina) as medicine in folk medicine dates back to ancient times and is used in the treatment of nervous diseases in Persian medicine. However, the effect of R. canina on diabetes-related cognitive decline and memory impairment has not yet been studied.
We evaluated the impact of T2DM on AD-like alterations and examined the molecular mechanism of a possible effect of R. canina on cognitive alterations in diabetic rats.
R. canina ethanol extract was obtained by maceration method. This study was performed with male Sprague-Dawley rats fed with a high-fat diet (HFD) for 8 weeks, low-dose streptozotocin (STZ; 35 mg/kg IP) injection for 4 weeks, and R. canina (250 mg/kg; per oral) and metformin (400 mg/kg; per oral) administration for 4 weeks. The weight and blood glucose of rats were measured weekly. To evaluate glucose tolerance area under the curve (AUC) was calculated by performing an oral glucose tolerance test. Then the rats were subjected to behavioural tests, and their hippocampus and cortex tissues were obtained for biochemical and morphological analyses.
R. canina could manage glucose responsiveness by reducing post-prandial blood glucose levels, preventing weight loss, and raising serum insulin levels in T2DM-induced rats. Behavioural tests showed that R. canina significantly improves diabetes-related cognitive decline in recall and long-term memory. Treatment with R. canina significantly reversed HFD/STZ-induced increases in insulin, amyloid-β, amyloid precursor protein levels, and acetylcholinesterase activity in the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus. Furthermore, histological analyzes revealed the protection of R. canina against neuronal disruption in the cortical and hippocampal CA3 region caused by chronic hyperglycemia.
Analyzed collectively, these results suggest that R. canina can correct T2DM-related cognitive decline may be attributed to insulin pathway modulation, prevention of amyloid deposition, and increased cholinergic transmission.
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•R. canina (RC) improves T2DM-related cognitive decline in HFD/STZ-induced diabetic rats.•RC reduces post-prandial blood glucose levels and raises serum insulin levels.•RC improves diabetes-related cognitive decline in recall and long-term memory.•RC decreases amyloid-β, APP, and AChE levels in the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus.•RC protects against neuronal disruption in the cortical and hippocampal CA3 region.
While metastatic breast cancer (MBC), which is the most common cause of death in women, has been seen as an incurable surgical problem in the past decade, as the heterogeneous nature of breast cancer ...becomes clear with increasing molecular studies and advances in oncological protocols, life expectancy is increasing. In this study, we aimed to examine the clinicopathological features of the patients we followed up with MBC.
Patients who were operated on with the diagnosis of breast cancer in our hospital between 2018 and 2023 and who were later found to have metastases were retrospectively analyzed from the database. The age of the patients, the histological and molecular type, stage and grade of the tumor, the time from diagnosis to metastasis, the location of metastasis, the duration of treatment and follow-up were investigated. Patients who were operated on in other centers and/or were out of follow-up were excluded from the study. For the statistical analysis of the findings, number cruncher statistical system (NCSS) 2020 statistical software (NCSS LLC, Kaysville, Utah, USA) was used at a significance level of 0.05.
Metastasis was detected in 77.1% (n=37) of a total of 48 female patients, and recurrence was found in 22.9% (n=11). The mean age of the patients was 57 years. There was no statistically significant difference between the patients in terms of demographics. When evaluated according to the TNM stage, 24.3% (n=9) of the patients were in the early stage and 75.7% (n=28) were in the locally advanced stage; the number of locally advanced patients was found to be higher than the early stage. In histology examination, 27.1% (n=13) of the patients were luminal A, 31.3% (n=15) luminal B, 16.7% (n=8) HER2 positive, and 25% (n=12) triple negative. Ki67 was higher than 14% in 64.6% (n=31) patients. Breast conserving surgery was performed in 41.6% (n=20) of the patients, and mastectomy was performed in 58.3% (n=28) patients. Metastasis in 34.2% (n=13) of the cases within 1-2 years, in 42.1% (n=16) within 2-5 years, and in 23.7% (n=9) after 5 years took place. Sites of metastasis were bone (37.7%, n=28), liver (28.9%, n=11), brain (10.5%, n=4), and lung (7.9%, n=3). More than one metastasis site was observed in 21.05% (n=8) of patients with metastases. There was no statistically significant difference between luminal A, luminal B, HER 2 groups and triple-negative breast cancer in terms of metastasis time and location (p>0.05). Adjuvant hormone therapy was more common in the luminal A group, whereas neoadjuvant therapy was more common in the HER2+ group. A total of 20 deaths were observed in 48 patients (41.7%). The median disease-free survival was 64 months.
Despite all the developments in metastatic breast cancer, the 5-year survival rate is 27%. Targeted personalized therapies may be promising when the mechanism of metastasis and specific pathways in breast cancer emerge.
Aim: In this study, in radicular cyst cases in our department; It was aimed to evaluate the severity of inflammation (active and chronic inflammation) and to investigate its relationship with age and ...gender.
Material and Method: Radicular cyst cases between 01.01.2013 and 31.01.2022 in Ordu University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Pathology were included in the study. Ethical approval was taken from Ordu University Medical School, Clinical Trials Ethical Committee (2022/82). Preparations of the cases were found from the archive and examined microscopically to score the severity of inflammation. To examine any relationships that existed between categorical variables, Chi-square test was used. To determine any relationships between the score variables, correlation analysis was done.
Results: A statistically significant moderate negative correlation was observed between age and chronicity in women (r=-0.410, p=0.013). A statistically significant moderate positive correlation was observed between activity and chronicity scores in men (r=0.592, p
Amaç: Bu çalışmada bölümümüzdeki radiküler kist olgularında; inflamasyon şiddetinin (aktif ve kronik inflamasyon) değerlendirilmesi, yaş ve cinsiyet ile ilişkisinin araştırılması amaçlandı.
Araç ve Yöntemler: Ordu Üniversitesi Tıp Fakültesi Patoloji Anabilim Dalı'ndaki 01.01.2013-31.01.2022 tarihleri arasındaki radiküler kist olguları çalışmaya dahil edildi. Preparatlar arşivden bulundu ve mikroskobik olarak inflamasyonun şiddeti skorlandı. Kategorik değişkenler arasında var olan ilişkileri incelemek için ki-kare testi kullanıldı. Skor değişkenleri arasında herhangi bir ilişki olup olmadığını belirlemek için korelasyon analizi yapıldı.
Bulgular:Kadınlarda yaş ile kroniklik arasında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı orta düzeyde negatif korelasyon gözlendi (r=-0.410, p=0.013). Erkeklerde aktivite ve kroniklik skorları arasında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı orta düzeyde pozitif korelasyon gözlendi (r=0,592, p
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