Recent developments in nanotechnology and process chemistry have expanded the scope of nanostructures to the biomedical field. The ability of nanostructures to precisely deliver drugs to the target ...site not only reduces the amount of drug needed but also reduces systemic adverse effects. Carbon nanostructures gained traction in pharmaceutical technology in the last decade due to their high stability, ease of synthesis, tunable surface chemistry, and biocompatibility. Fullerene, nanotubes, nanodiamonds, nanodots, and nanoribbons are among the major carbon nanostructures that have been extensively studied for applications in tissue engineering, biosensing, bioimaging, theranostics, drug delivery, and gene therapy. Due to the fluorescent properties of functionalized nanostructures, they have been extensively studied for use as probes in cellular imaging. Moreover, these nanostructures are promising candidates for delivering drugs to the brain, bones, and deep-seated tumors. Still, research gaps need to be addressed regarding the toxicity of these materials in animals as well as humans. This review highlights the physicochemical properties of carbon nanostructures and their categories, methods of synthesis, various techniques for surface functionalization, major biomedical applications, mechanisms involving the cellular uptake of nanostructures, pharmacokinetic considerations, recent patents involving carbon-based nanostructures in the biomedical field, major challenges, and future perspectives.
The aim of the present research work is to develop carbo-protein polymeric complex based sustain release microspheres of losartan potassium and investigate the ability of this dosage form to improve ...the flowability, compressibility and tableting properties of losartan potassium. The influence of silk sericin, alginate and its blend on various physicochemical parameters and in vitro drug release pattern were studied to optimize the concentration of polymeric blend required for 12 h. sustain release. Optimized batch was subjected to different flowability, compressibility and tableting properties studies to observe the effects of carbo-protein microspheres on flow properties. Results indicated that the concentration of sericin was found to be the main influential factor for prolonged drug release. Different micromeritic studies revealed that the poor flowability and compressibility properties of pure losartan potassium were significantly improved by this algino-sericin microspheric dosage form. Research findings also revealed that plasticity, die filling behavior and tableting properties of the pure drug were significantly improved by this microsphere formulation. So these prospective results concluded that carbo-protein polymeric microspheres helps to sustain the drug release for prolong hours as well as improve the flowability, compressibility and tableting properties of losartan potassium.
The aim of this present research work was to prepare and evaluate alginate microspheres of aceclofenac by ionic gelation method for targeting the drug release in intestinal region and decrease ...distinct tissue protection in the stomach. This method offers to prepare microspheres which are important in controlling the release rate and the absorption of aceclofenac from the intestinal region. Variation in polymer concentration was studied systemically for their influence on the encapsulation efficacy, particle size and in vitro drug release. The enteric nature of the microspheres showed very less amount of drug released in acidic medium. The mucoadhesion property was strongly dependent on the pH of the medium and the polymer concentration in the formulations. In vitro drug release study proposed a mixed drug release mechanism, partially involving the sphere matrix disintegration and drug diffusion of the microspheres. Holm-Sidak multiple comparison analysis suggested a significant difference in measured t50% values among all the microsphere formulations. In vivo studies revealed that the anti-inflammatory effect induced by the aceclofenac loaded alginate microspheres was significantly high and prolonged than that induced by the pure aceclofenac. So, this aceclofenac loaded alginate microspheres exhibited promising properties to improve the patient compliance by controlling and prolonging the systemic absorption of aceclofenac along with a distinct tissue protection in the stomach.
Polysaccharides that are naturally sourced have enormous promise as wound dressings, due to their wider availability and reasonable cost and good biocompatibility. Furthermore, nanosilver extensively ...applied in wound treatment is attributed to its broad spectrum of antimicrobial effects and lesser drug resistance. Consequently, wound dressings in corporating nanosilver have attracted wide-scale interest in wound healing, and nanosilver-functionalized polysaccharide-based wound dressings present an affordable option for healing of chronic wounds. This review encompasses preparation methods, classification, and antibacterial performances of nanosilver wound dressings. The prospective research arenas of nanosilver-based wound polysaccharide dressings are also elaborated. The review attempts to include a summary of the most recent advancements in silver nanotechnology as well as guidance for the investigation of nanosilver-functionalized polysaccharide-based wound dressings.
Pharmacokinetic parameters assessment is a critical aspect of drug discovery and development, yet challenges persist due to limited training data. Despite advancements in machine learning and ...in-silico predictions, scarcity of data hampers accurate prediction of drug candidates' pharmacokinetic properties.
The study highlights current developments in human pharmacokinetic prediction, talks about attempts to apply synthetic approaches for molecular design, and searches several databases, including Scopus, PubMed, Web of Science, and Google Scholar. The article stresses importance of rigorous analysis of machine learning model performance in assessing progress and explores molecular modeling (MM) techniques, descriptors, and mathematical approaches. Transitioning to clinical drug development, article highlights AI (Artificial Intelligence) based computer models optimizing trial design, patient selection, dosing strategies, and biomarker identification. In-silico models, including molecular interactomes and virtual patients, predict drug performance across diverse profiles, underlining the need to align model results with clinical studies for reliability. Specialized training for human specialists in navigating predictive models is deemed critical. Pharmacogenomics, integral to personalized medicine, utilizes predictive modeling to anticipate patient responses, contributing to more efficient healthcare system. Challenges in realizing potential of predictive modeling, including ethical considerations and data privacy concerns, are acknowledged.
AI models are crucial in drug development, optimizing trials, patient selection, dosing, and biomarker identification and hold promise for streamlining clinical investigations.
Parkinson's disease is the second most common neurological ailment. It is also known that it affects practically all other brain components, although only gradually. Animal models are mostly used to ...test the efficacy of treatment against a specific enzyme and aid in creating a new drug dose.
The purpose of this review is to highlight
Parkinson's disease screening approaches, as well as the mechanism of action of each drug involved in Parkinson's disease development, and discuss the limitations of each model. In addition, it also sheds light on Parkinson's disease genetic models.
The data for the publication was gathered from databases, such as PubMed, Bentham Science, Elsevier, Springer Nature, Wiley, and Research Gate, after a thorough examination of diverse research findings linked to Parkinson's disease and its screening models.
Each chemical or drug has a unique mechanism for causing disease, whether through the production of reactive oxygen species or the blockage of the dopamine receptor. Almost every disease symptom, whether physical or behavioral, is covered by each of the constructed models' unique set of indicators and symptoms.
Animal models are typically used to assess a medicine's activity against a specific enzyme and aid in the creation of a new drug dose. The process, restrictions, and mechanisms interfering with the screening, as well as the level of animal suffering, must all be thoroughly reviewed before any model for screening for Parkinson's disease can be implemented.
The objective behind this study is to ameliorate the flowability, compressibility and tableting properties of aceclofenac by developing a prolonged release microparticulate system using an ...algino-carbopol polymeric blend. Prepared microspheres were subjected to various physico-chemical studies along with in vitro drug release studies to optimize the concentration of the polymeric blend required to sustain the drug release for 12h. Optimize formulation was further subjected to different flowability and compressibility studies to observe the impact of microspheres on improvements of flow properties. All the microsphere formulations exhibited good entrapment efficiency and showed prolonged drug release. SEM study revealed that the microspheres were almost spherical in shape with rough outer surface containing small pores. The findings of micromeritic studies suggested that the flowability and compressibility properties of the pure drug were significantly improved by the microsphere formulation. Heckel analysis also suggested that the microspheres exhibited better plasticity and die filling behavior as compared to pure drug. The tablets containing optimized microspheric formulation showed better handling properties than pure drug and no significant difference in drug release when compared with the marketed product. So the present study concluded that encapsulation of aceclofenac into microparticulate system not only enhanced its flowability, compressibility and tableting properties but also simultaneously helped to improve the patient compliance by sustaining the drug release for a prolonged period of time to manage pain and its symptoms.
The objective behind this study is to ameliorate the flowability, compressibility and tableting properties of aceclofenac by developing a prolonged release microparticulate system using an algino-carbopol polymeric blend. The outcome of the research is that encapsulation of aceclofenac into microparticulate system not only enhanced its flowability, compressibility and tableting properties but also simultaneously helped to improve the patient compliance by sustaining the drug release for a prolonged period of time to manage pain and its symptoms. Display omitted
India has already passed through 2 waves of the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic losing many lives. The reason for losing lives may be due to the unpreparedness of the health care system of ...India for this unprecedented pandemic. To assess the government's preparedness, an institutional-based cross-sectional prospective survey was conducted among the adult population of selected states in India. A self-administered 30-item questionnaire divided into 5 sections (demography of the participants, steps to create awareness, prevent spread of infection, handle the emergency, and prognosis) was distributed online through Google Forms. The responses were collected in an Excel file. SPSS software was used to perform the descriptive statistics and analysis of variance (ANOVA). Nearly a quarter of the participants "strongly disagree"/"disagree" about the government's preparedness for the third wave. Considering their perception, it cannot be assured that the government is well prepared to handle the emergency. So, the government must maintain emergency funding and develop a health infrastructure. The government should take steps to reduce social stigma, prevent spreading of unscientific propagation, and make people aware of the World Health Organization (WHO) as the reliable source of information for health emergencies to avoid a human crisis in the future.
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