ZnO is of great interest for large-area optoelectronic devices, e.g., flat panel displays, light-emitting diodes, transparent semiconductors, and transparent conductive oxides (TCOs) etc., owing to ...its good optical properties. In the present study, quaternary ZnO thin films are deposited on a soda lime glass substrate using Mg and group III elements, such as Al, Ga, and In, to enhance the optical and electrical properties. The structural, optical, and electrical properties of quaternary ZnO TCO materials are investigated for improved thin film solar cell performance. All of the films show a uniform microstructure without any void and crack and have a transmittance over 75% in the visible region. They possess comparable band gap differences. Especially, as for the optical properties, a Mg and Ga co-doped ZnO, MgGaZnO (MGZO) thin film shows a high optical band gap of 3.87 eV with a transmittance of about 90% in the visible region. In addition, the MGZO thin film shows improved electrical properties with the lowest resistivity of 3.97 × 10−4 Ωcm, higher carrier concentration of 1.11 × 1021cm−3, high mobility of 14.07 cm2V−1s−1 and lower sheet resistance of 7.39Ω/sq. Moreover, a wide band gap of 3.87 eV is obtained for MGZO thin films, and the performance of a Cu2ZnSn(S, Se)4 (CZTSSe) photovoltaic device fabricated with a MGZO TCO layer is improved owing to higher band gap and outstanding electronic properties. The improved short circuit current results in a device with a MGZO thin film with a power conversion efficiency of 8.79%.
•Comparative study of quaternary transparent conducting oxide with Mg and different group III element (Al, Ga, In) was conducted.•Mg and group III elements co-doped ZnO were deposited on SLG by RF magnetron sputtering system.•The MGZO thin films showed resistivity of 3.97 × 10−4 Ωcm and optical band gap energy of 3.87 eV.•CZTSSe thin films solar cells with MGZO TCO layer showed higher efficiency of 8.79%.
This paper deals with an architecture of network-based control system using the CAN(Controller Area Network) protocol and its traffic analysis. It is difficult to determine an optimal network-based ...control architecture for a specific AGV(Autonomous Guided Vehicle) system with a manipulator arm. The fixed number of periodic messages to be occurred is pre-defined in the system. To determine whether the proposed system architecture is effective or not, we perform traffic analysis for the real-time communication of all messages. Through simulations, the range of transmission speed is found satisfying the required conditions and the permissible number of additional sensors is investigated for improving the system performance, when the sampling periods of analog sensors are determined under fixed condition that the transmission speed is over 500Kbps.
After the Fukushima accident, studies on accident tolerant fuel cladding focusing to prevent hydrogen explosions have been actively performed. Many researchers have been working on modifications of ...commercial cladding, especially direct coating on the cladding surface. In this work, a CrAl binary alloy system and an arc ion plating method were selected to grow a film on commercial Zircaloy-4 claddings. CrAl coating layers were systematically deposited on the cladding surface under various voltage conditions using targets manufactured in different ways. Microstructural characterizations and the evaluations of the mechanical properties showed that a robust coating layer can be achieved by controlling the deposition parameters. Surface roughness values satisfying required manufacturing criteria were achieved and wear resistance values of coated claddings also notably improved. These results suggest that CrAl films on Zircaloy-4 cladding are promising candidates for future ATF cladding.
Triple‐negative breast cancer (TNBC) patients harboring wild‐type breast cancer susceptibility gene 1 (BRCA1) account for most TNBC patients but lack adequate targeted therapeutic options. Although ...radiotherapy (RT) is the primary treatment modality for TNBC patients, radioresistance is one of the major challenges. RT‐induced increase in cathepsin S (CTSS) causes radioresistance through suppressing BRCA1‐mediated apoptosis of tumor cells, which was induced by CTSS‐mediated degradation of BRCA1. Targeting CTSS may provide a novel therapeutic opportunity for TNBC patients. Publicly available data and human tissue microarray slides were analyzed to investigate the relationship between CTSS and BRCA1 in breast cancer patients. A CTSS enzyme assay and in silico docking analysis were conducted to identify a novel CTSS inhibitor. RO5461111 was used first to confirm the concept of targeting CTSS for radiosensitizing effects. The MDA‐MB‐231 TNBC cell line was used for in vitro and in vivo assays. Western blotting, promoter assay, cell death assay, clonogenic survival assay, and immunohistochemistry staining were conducted to evaluate novel CTSS inhibitors. CTSS inhibitors were further evaluated for their additional benefit of inhibiting cell migration. A novel CTSS inhibitor, TS‐24, increased BRCA1 protein levels and showed radiosensitization in TNBC cells with wild‐type BRCA1 and in vivo in a TNBC xenograft mouse model. These effects were attributed by BRCA1‐mediated apoptosis facilitated by TS‐24. Furthermore, TS‐24 demonstrated the additional effect of inhibiting cell migration. Our study suggests that employing CTSS inhibitors for the functional restoration of BRCA1 to enhance RT‐induced apoptosis may provide a novel therapeutic opportunity for TNBC patients harboring wild‐type BRCA1.
Triple‐negative breast cancer (TNBC) patients harboring wild‐type BRCA1 account for most TNBC patients but lack adequate targeted therapeutic options. Although radiotherapy (RT) is the primary treatment modality for TNBC patients, radioresistance is one of the major challenges. Our study suggests that employing CTSS inhibitors for the functional restoration of BRCA1 to enhance RT‐induced apoptosis may provide a novel therapeutic opportunity for TNBC patients harboring wild‐type BRCA1.
石墨表面改性对MgO-C耐火材料抗氧化性能的改善(英文) Geun-Ho CHO Eun-Hee KIM Jing LI Je-Hyun LEE Yeon-Gil JUNG Yun-Ki BYEUN Chang-Yong JO
中国有色金属学报：英文版,
2014
S1
Journal Article
Conductive bridge random access memory (CBRAM) has been regarded as a promising candidate for the next‐generation nonvolatile memory technology. Even with the great performance of CBRAM, the global ...generation and overinjection of cations after much repetitive switching cannot be prevented. The overinjection of cations into an electrolyte layer causes high‐resistance‐state resistance (RHRS) degradation, on/off ratio reduction, and eventual switching failure. It also degrades the switching uniformity. In this work, a Cu‐cone‐structure‐embedded TiN/TiO2/Cu cone/TiN device is fabricated to alleviate the problems of Cu‐based CBRAM, mentioned above. The fabrication method of the device, which is useful for laboratory scale experiment, is developed, and its superior switching performance and reliability compared with the conventional planar device. The insertion of the Cu cone structure allows the placement of only a limited amount of cation source in each cell, and the embedded conical structure also concentrates the applied electric field, which enables filament growth control. Furthermore, the concentrated field localizes the resistive switching on the tip area of the cone structure, which makes the effective switching area about tens of nanometers even for the much larger area of the entire electrode (several µm2).
This work proposes Cu‐cone‐embedded conductive bridge random access memory (CBRAM), whose stack is TiN/TiO2/Cu cone/TiN. The applied electric field is concentrated on the tip of the conical structure, which induces single‐filament formation and enhances the switching reliability. Moreover, the effective switching area is reduced to tens of nanometers due to the locally concentrated field, and a scalability effect is achieved.
We aimed to compare clinical outcomes between immediate and staged complete revascularization in primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) for treating ST-segment elevation myocardial ...infarction (STEMI) and multivessel disease (MVD).
A total of 248 patients were enrolled in a prospective, randomized, and multicenter registry. Immediate revascularization was defined as one-time PCI of culprit and non-culprit lesions at the initial procedure. Staged revascularization was defined as PCI of non-culprit lesions at a later date (mean, 4.4 days; interquartile range, 1–11.4), following initial culprit revascularization. The end points were major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE; composite of total death, recurrent myocardial infarction, and revascularization), any individual components of MACE, cardiac death, stent thrombosis, and stroke at 12 months.
During a follow-up of 1 year, MACE occurred in 12 patients (11.6%) in the immediate revascularization group and in 8 patients (7.5%) in staged revascularization group (hazard ratio HR 1.60, 95% confidence interval CI 0.65–3.91). The incidence of total death was numerically higher in the immediate group than in the staged group (9.7% vs 2.8%, HR 3.53, 95% CI 0.97–12.84); There were no significant differences between the 2 groups in risks of any individual component of MACE, cardiac death, stroke, and in-hospital complications, such as need for transfusion, bleeding, acute renal failure, and acute heart failure. This study was prematurely terminated due to halt of production of everolimus-eluting stents (manufactured as PROMUS Element by Boston Scientific, Natick, Massachusetts).
Due to its limited power, no definite conclusion can be drawn regarding complete revascularization strategy from the present study. Further large randomized clinical trials would be warranted to confirm optimal timing of complete revascularization for patients with STEMI and MVD.
There are limited data on the association between serum uric acid (SUA) level and subclinical coronary atherosclerosis. This study investigated the influence of SUA level on subclinical coronary ...atherosclerosis, as detected by coronary computed tomography angiography (CCTA), in an asymptomatic population.
We evaluated 6431 asymptomatic individuals (mean age 53.6 ± 7.6 years, 4691 men 72.9%) with no prior history of coronary artery disease, who voluntarily underwent laboratory tests and CCTA as part of a general health examination. The participants were stratified into quartiles according to their SUA levels. Coronary atherosclerotic plaques (calcified, mixed, and non-calcified plaques) were assessed using CCTA. Logistic regression analysis was used to determine the association between SUA levels and subclinical coronary atherosclerosis.
The prevalence of any atherosclerotic, calcified, mixed, and non-calcified plaques increased with SUA quartiles (all p < 0.001). After adjustment for cardiovascular risk factors, there were no statistically significant differences in the adjusted odds ratios for calcified plaque (1.19; 95% CI 0.98–1.46; p = 0.080) and mixed plaque (1.25; 95% CI 0.94–1.67; p = 0.132) in the fourth SUA quartile compared to the first quartile. However, the adjusted odds ratios for any atherosclerotic plaque (1.39; 95% CI 1.16–1.68; p < 0.001) and non-calcified plaque (1.38; 95% CI 1.11–1.72; p = 0.004) were significantly higher in the fourth SUA quartile.
In asymptomatic individuals, high SUA level was an independent predictor of non-calcified plaques, suggesting an increased cardiovascular risk.
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•The association between serum uric acid and CAD showed conflicting results.•High serum uric acid level is an independent predictor of non-calcified vulnerable plaque.•Screening for CAD might be considered in individuals with hyperuricemia.
Neuromorphic computing, which mimics biological neural networks, can overcome the high‐power and large‐throughput problems of current von Neumann computing. Two‐terminal memristors are regarded as ...promising candidates for artificial synapses, which are the fundamental functional units of neuromorphic computing systems. All‐inorganic CsPbI3 perovskite‐based memristors are feasible to use in resistive switching memory and artificial synapses due to their fast ion migration. However, the ideal perovskite phase α‐CsPbI3 is structurally unstable at ambient temperature and rapidly degrades to a non‐perovskite δ‐CsPbI3 phase. Here, dual‐phase (Cs3Bi2I9)0.4−(CsPbI3)0.6 is successfully fabricated to achieve improved air stability and surface morphology compared to each single phase. Notably, the Ag/polymethylmethacrylate/(Cs3Bi2I9)0.4−(CsPbI3)0.6/Pt device exhibits non‐volatile memory functions with an endurance of ≈103 cycles and retention of ≈104 s with low operation voltages. Moreover, the device successfully emulates synaptic behavior such as long‐term potentiation/depression and spike timing/width‐dependent plasticity. This study will contribute to improving the structural and mechanical stability of all‐inorganic halide perovskites (IHPs) via the formation of dual phase. In addition, it proves the great potential of IHPs for use in low‐power non‐volatile memory devices and electronic synapses.
Neuromorphic computing, which emulates neurotransmission processes, could overcome the limitations of current von Neumann computing. In this study, a two‐terminal Ag/polymethylmethacrylate/(Cs3Bi2I9)0.4−(CsPbI3)0.6/Pt device successfully realizes resistive switching characteristics and synaptic behavior. The device exhibits great potential for neuromorphic computing and next‐generation non‐volatile memories. Moreover, this study will contribute to enhancing the stability of all‐inorganic halide perovskites via the formation of a dual phase.
Background:The benefits and risks of prolonged dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT) have not been studied extensively across a broad spectrum of acute coronary syndromes. In this study we investigated ...whether treatment effects of prolonged DAPT were consistent in patients presenting with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) vs. non-STEMI (NSTEMI).Methods and Results:As a post hoc analysis of the SMART-DATE trial, effects of ≥12 vs. 6 months DAPT were compared among 1,023 patients presenting with STEMI and 853 NSTEMI patients. The primary outcome was a composite of recurrent myocardial infarction (MI) or stent thrombosis at 18 months after the index procedure. Compared with the 6-month DAPT group, the rate of the composite endpoint was significantly lower in the ≥12-month DAPT group (1.2% vs. 3.8%; hazard ratio HR 0.31, 95% confidence interval CI 0.12–0.77; P=0.012). The treatment effect of ≥12- vs. 6-month DAPT on the composite endpoint was consistent among NSTEMI patients (0.2% vs. 1.2%, respectively; HR 0.20, 95% CI 0.02–1.70; P=0.140; Pinteraction=0.718). In addition, ≥12-month DAPT increased Bleeding Academic Research Consortium (BARC) Type 2–5 bleeding among both STEMI (4.4% vs. 2.0%; HR 2.18, 95% CI 1.03–4.60; P=0.041) and NSTEMI (5.1% vs. 2.2%; HR 2.37, 95% CI 1.08–5.17; P=0.031; Pinteraction=0.885) patients.Conclusions:Compared with 6-month DAPT, ≥12-month DAPT reduced recurrent MI or stent thrombosis regardless of the type of MI at presentation.
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