Ovim radom nastoje se istraziti neki mehanizmi u procesu otpornosti. Cilj istrazivanja je utvrditi odnos rizika, zastitnih mehanizama i razine srece. Navedeni odnosi ispitivani su kod mladih, ...smjestenih u odgojne ustanove, populacije izlozene brojnim rizicima, s izrazenim problemima u ponasanju, ali neistrazenim drugim relevantnim razvojnim ishodima. Istrazivanje je provedeno s prigodnim uzorkom od 118 mladih, smjestenih u domove za odgoj Zagreb, Karlovac, Rijeka i Osijek te Odgojni dom Bedekovcina. Dob sudionika je od 14 do 18 godina (M=16.47, SD=1.21). Podaci su analizirani pomocu deskriptivne statistike, koeficijenta korelacije te hijerarhijske regresijske analize. Rezultati istrazivanja ukazuju da je moguce govoriti o procesu otpornosti kod sudionika istrazivanja jer su kod sudionika, prosjecno, zadovoljena dva najvaznija kriterija za otpornost: visoki rizik i dobar ishod. Naime, sudionici procjenjuju vlastitu razinu rizika (velikih zivotnih dogadaja/stresora i svakodnevnih stresora) kao i razinu srece u relativno visokim vrijednostima. Takoder, zastitne mehanizme, za koje je u literaturi poznato da potpomazu proces otpornosti, procjenjuju vrlo visoko. Od varijabli rizika, samo je svakodnevni stres povezan (negativno) sa samoprocjenom srece. Tri od cetiri zastitna mehanizma znacajno su pozitivno povezana sa razninom srece (individualni resursi te brizni odnosi s odgajateljima i prijateljima) dok brizni odnosi s obitelji nisu povezani s razinom srece. Od svih navedenih potencijalnih prediktora, jedino individualni resursi imaju znacajan nezavisni doprinos objasnjenju varijance srece. Rezultati su interpretirani u skladu s relevantnim spoznajama na podrucju otpornosti i subjektivne dobrobiti te su u skladu s time ponudene smjernice za intervencije This paper aims to explore some mechanisms in the resilience process. The goal of the study is to determine the relation between risk, protective mechanisms, and levels of happiness. These relationships have been tested among youth in residential care, a population exposed to numerous risks, exhibiting behavioural problems, but also other relevant developmental outcomes that have so far been under-researched. The research was conducted with the convenience sample of 118 youth placed in community residential home in Zagreb, Karlovac, Rijeka, and Osijek, and in the state residential home in Centre Bedekovcina. The participants' age ranged from 14 to 18. The data were analyzed utilizing descriptive statistics, bi-variate correlations and hierarchical regression. The results have been interpreted in line with the relevant findings in the area of resilience and subjective well-being, according to which some intervention guidelines have been discussed. Adapted from the source document.
This paper aims to explore some mechanisms in the resilience process. The goal of the study is to determine the relation between risk, protective mechanisms, and levels of happiness. These ...relationships have been tested among youth in residential care, a population exposed to numerous risks, exhibiting behavioural problems, but also other relevant developmental outcomes that have so far been under-researched. The research was conducted with the convenience sample of 118 youth placed in community residential home in Zagreb, Karlovac, Rijeka, and Osijek, and in the state residential home in Centre Bedekovcina. The participants' age ranged from 14 to 18 (M=16.47, SD=1.21). The data were analysed utilizing descriptive statistics, bivariate correlations and hierarchical regression. The results indicate that participants are involved into resilient process, as they, on average, satisfy two of the most important criteria for resilience: high risk and favourable outcome. The participants have assessed their own risk levels (major life events/stressors and everyday stressors) and their levels of happiness as relatively high. Additionally, they have assessed the level of their protective mechanisms as high, which is assistive in the resilience process, according to the relevant literature. Among the risk factors, only the everyday stress was found to be correlated (negatively) with the self-assessment of happiness. Three of four protective mechanisms were significantly positively correlated with the level of happiness (individual resources, caring relationships with the professional staff and friends), while caring relationships with family were not correlated with the level of happiness. Among all of these predictors, only the individual resources had a significant independent effect in explaining the variance in happiness levels. The results have been interpreted in line with the relevant findings in the area of resilience and subjective well-being, according to which some intervention guidelines have been discussed.
Ovim radom nastoje se istražiti neki mehanizmi u procesu otpornosti. Cilj istraživanja je utvrditi odnos rizika, zaštitnih mehanizama i razine sreće. Navedeni odnosi ispitivani su kod mladih, ...smještenih u odgojne ustanove, populacije izložene brojnim rizicima, s izraženim problemima u ponašanju, ali neistraženim drugim relevantnim razvojnim ishodima. Istraživanje je provedeno s prigodnim uzorkom od 118 mladih, smještenih u domove za odgoj Zagreb, Karlovac, Rijeka i Osijek te Odgojni dom Bedekovčina. Dob sudionika je od 14 do 18 godina (M=16.47, SD=1.21). Podaci su analizirani pomoću deskriptivne statistike, koeficijenta korelacije te hijerarhijske regresijske analize. Rezultati istraživanja ukazuju da je moguće govoriti o procesu otpornosti kod sudionika istraživanja jer su kod sudionika, prosječno, zadovoljena dva najvažnija kriterija za otpornost: visoki rizik i dobar ishod. Naime, sudionici procjenjuju vlastitu razinu rizika (velikih životnih događaja/stresora i svakodnevnih stresora) kao i razinu sreće u relativno visokim vrijednostima. Također, zaštitne mehanizme, za koje je u literaturi poznato da potpomažu proces otpornosti, procjenjuju vrlo visoko. Od varijabli rizika, samo je svakodnevni stres povezan (negativno) sa samoprocjenom sreće. Tri od četiri zaštitna mehanizma značajno su pozitivno povezana sa razninom sreće (individualni resursi te brižni odnosi s odgajateljima i prijateljima) dok brižni odnosi s obitelji nisu povezani s razinom sreće. Od svih navedenih potencijalnih prediktora, jedino individualni resursi imaju značajan nezavisni doprinos objašnjenju varijance sreće. Rezultati su interpretirani u skladu s relevantnim spoznajama na području otpornosti i subjektivne dobrobiti te su u skladu s time ponuđene smjernice za intervencije.
Epigenetic studies relied so far on correlations between epigenetic marks and gene expression pattern. Technologies developed for epigenome editing now enable direct study of functional relevance of ...precise epigenetic modifications and gene regulation. The reversible nature of epigenetic modifications, including DNA methylation, has been already exploited in cancer therapy for remodeling the aberrant epigenetic landscape. However, this was achieved non-selectively using epigenetic inhibitors. Epigenetic editing at specific loci represents a novel approach that might selectively and heritably alter gene expression. Here, we developed a CRISPR-Cas9-based tool for specific DNA methylation consisting of deactivated Cas9 (dCas9) nuclease and catalytic domain of the DNA methyltransferase DNMT3A targeted by co-expression of a guide RNA to any 20 bp DNA sequence followed by the NGG trinucleotide. We demonstrated targeted CpG methylation in a ∼35 bp wide region by the fusion protein. We also showed that multiple guide RNAs could target the dCas9-DNMT3A construct to multiple adjacent sites, which enabled methylation of a larger part of the promoter. DNA methylation activity was specific for the targeted region and heritable across mitotic divisions. Finally, we demonstrated that directed DNA methylation of a wider promoter region of the target loci IL6ST and BACH2 decreased their expression.
Changes in N-glycosylation of plasma proteins are observed in many types of cancer, nevertheless, few studies suggest the exact mechanism involved in aberrant protein glycosylation. Here we studied ...the impact of DNA methylation on the N-glycome in the secretome of the HepG2 cell line derived from hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Since the majority of plasma glycoproteins originate from the liver, the HepG2 cells represent a good model for glycosylation changes in HCC that are detectable in blood, which is an easily accessible analytic material in a clinical setting. Two different concentrations of 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine (5-aza-2dC) differentially affected global genome methylation and induced different glycan changes. Around twenty percent of 84 glyco-genes analysed changed expression level after the 5-aza-2dC treatment as a result of global genome hypomethylation. A correlation study between the changes in glyco-gene expression and the HepG2 glycosylation profile suggests that the MGAT3 gene might be responsible for the glycan changes consistently induced by both doses of 5-aza-2dC. Core-fucosylated tetra-antennary structures were decreased in quantity likely as a result of hypomethylated MGAT3 gene promoter followed by increased expression of this gene.
To assess the frequency of human cytomegalovirus (HCMV), Epstein-Barr virus (EBV), and high-risk types of human papillomavirus (HPV16 and HPV18) infections in lung adenocarcinoma samples.
Lung ...adenocarcinoma cytological smears and their DNA isolates were obtained from patients hospitalized at the Department for Lung Diseases Jordanovac, Zagreb, in 2016 and 2017. Overall, 67 lung adenocarcinoma samples were examined: 34 with epidermal growth factor receptor gene (EGFR) mutations and 33 without EGFR mutations. The EGFR mutation status and virus presence were assessed with a polymerase chain reaction, and random samples were additionally tested for EBV with Sanger sequencing. HCMV, EBV, HPV16, and HPV18 infections were evaluated in relation to EGFR mutation, smoking status, and sex. A meta-analysis of available data about HPV infection in non-small cell lung cancer was performed.
More frequent HCMV, EBV, HPV16, and HPV18 infections were observed in lung adenocarcinoma samples with EGFR mutations than in samples without these mutations. Coinfection of the investigated viruses was observed only in lung adenocarcinoma samples with mutated EGFR. In the group with EGFR mutations, smoking was significantly associated with HPV16 infection. The meta-analysis showed that non-small cell lung cancer patients with EGFR mutations had a higher odds of HPV infection.
HCMV, EBV, and high-risk HPV infections are more frequent in EGFR-mutated lung adenocarcinomas, which indicates a possible viral impact on the etiology of this lung cancer subtype.
Tumour cells develop by accumulating changes in the genome that result in changes of main cellular processes. Aberrations of basic processes such as replication and chromatin reassembly are ...particularly important for genomic (in)stability. The aim of this study was to analyse the expression of genes whose products are crucial for the regulation of replication and chromatin reassembly during lymphomagenesis (DNMT1, PCNA, MCM2, CDT1, EZH2, GMNN, EP300). Non-tumour B cells were used as a control, and follicular lymphoma (FL) and the two most common groups of diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL) samples were used as a model for tumour progression. The results showed that there are significant changes in the expression of the analysed genes in lymphomagenesis, but also that these changes do not display linearity when assessed in relation to the degree of tumour aggression. Additionally, an integrated bioinformatics analysis of the difference in the expression of selected genes between tumour and non-tumour samples, and between tumour samples (FL vs. DLBCL) in five GEO datasets, did not show a consistent pattern of difference among the datasets.
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