With advancement of medicine in the field of diagnostics and treatment of women suffering from certain genetic disorders, more and more women have attained reproductive age and desired fertility. ...Maintaining pregnancy, as well as bringing it to an end poses a real challenge not only for obstetricians, but also for anesthesiologists involved in the procedure. In our case report, we describe anesthetic management of a female patient suffering from myotonic dystrophy type 2 and suspected von Willebrand's disease, and undergoing elective cesarean section. It is acknowledged that both diseases have their own peculiarities and specificities related to anesthesia and require careful consideration when it comes to selecting it. Bearing in mind the advantages and disadvantages of certain types of anesthesia, we believe that in this case, general anesthesia was a better choice compared to the regional techniques of anesthesia.
Labor pain is one of the most severe pains. Labor is a complex and individual process with varying maternal requesting analgesia. Labor analgesia must be safe and accompanied by minimal amount of ...unwanted consequences for both the mother and the child, as well as for the delivery procedure. Epidural analgesia is the treatment that best meets these demands. According to the American Congress of Obstetrics and Gynecology and American Society of Anesthesiologists, mother's demand is a reason enough for the introduction of epidural analgesia in labor, providing that no contraindications exist. The application of analgesics should not cease at the end of the second stage of labor, but it is recommended that lower concentration analgesics be then applied. Based on the latest studies, it can be claimed that epidural analgesia can be applied during the major part of the first and second stage of labor. According to previous investigations, there is no definitive conclusion about the incidence of instrumental delivery, duration of second stage of labor, time of epidural analgesia initiation, and long term outcomes for the newborn. Cooperation of obstetric and anesthesiology personnel, as well as appropriate technical equipment significantly decrease the need of instrumental completion of a delivery, as well as other complications encountered in the application of epidural analgesia. Our hospital offers 24/7 epidural analgesia service. The majority of pregnant women in our hospital were aware of the advantages of epidural analgesia for labor, however, only a small proportion of them used it, mainly because of inadequate level of information.
Infertility is one of the major medical problems nowadays. Couples who opt for In Vitro Fertilization (IVF) face a great deal of stress which certainly affects the outcome of the procedure. ...Therefore, we aimed to reduce the stress during the oocyte retrieval procedure by applying midazolam. Total oxidant (TOC) and antioxidant (TAC) capacities of serum, as well as glutathione (GSH) content and catalase activity, were measured in both control and midazolam groups. Follicular fluid was also tested for oxidant capacity and IL1β. Results implied that the midazolam group increased TAC at the end of the procedure. At the same time, the control group decreased GSH at the beginning of the procedure, and both groups decreased catalase activity at the end of the procedure. The results imply that stress during the procedure affects oxidative and antioxidative parameters of the patients, but did not affect the frequency of the pregnancy at the end of this pilot study. Yet, the results imply that oxidative and antioxidative mechanisms during IVF should be investigated in detail as they could affect the outcome of IVF.
Sažetak. Cilj nam je bio pokazati da se carski rez može uspješno izvesti u epiduralnoj anesteziji kod trudnice s arteriovenskom malformacijom (AVM). Intrakranijalne arteriovenske malformacije rijetko ...se viđaju u trudnoći. Završetak trudnoće carskim rezom izazov je za anesteziologa koji se skrbi za takve trudnice. Važno je razumjeti hemodinamske promjene koje se događaju u trudnoći i moždanu fiziologiju kao preduvjete za uspješno izvođenje anestezioloških postupaka i izbjegavanje mogućih komplikacija. Radi se o prikazu tridesetdvogodišnje trudnice s arteriovenskom malformacijom V. stupnja prema Spetzler-Martinovoj klasifikaciji. Primljena je u bolnicu zbog pogoršanja neurološkog statusa s ataksijom kao glavnim simptomom. Uzimajući u obzir njezin neurološki status i progresiju opstetričkog nalaza, odlučili smo završiti trudnoću carskim rezom u epiduralnoj anesteziji. Literaturni podaci o anesteziološkom zbrinjavanju trudnice s intrakranijalnom arteriovenskom malformacijom malobrojni su i kontradiktorni. Uspoređujući opću i spinalnu anesteziju s epiduralnom, smatrali smo da je epiduralna anestezija u ovom slučaju bolji izbor. Hemodinamska i respiratorna stabilnost majke i djeteta bile su održane tijekom operacije i u postpartalnom periodu. Nije bilo znakova pogoršanja majčina neurološkog statusa. Držimo da se carski rez kod trudnice s arteriovenskom malformacijom može sigurno izvesti u epiduralnoj anesteziji.
Objective:Dural puncture epidural technique is refinement of standard epidural technique. Its goal is to overcome drawbacks of standard epidural. We assessed whether dural puncture epidural technique ...performed by 27-gauge spinal needle would provide higher quality of labour epidural analgesia by using 10 mL epidural bolus of 0.125% bupivacaine. Additionally, the impact of dural puncture epidural on epidural analgesia onset, course of labour and occurrence of maternal side effects was examined.Methods:We designed prospective, randomized, single-blind study. A total of 76 healthy nulliparous parturients were randomly allocated to dural puncture or standard epidural group. After identification of epidural space, spinal Whitacre needle was used for dural puncture. Intrathecal drug administration was omitted at that point. Both groups received a bolus of local anaesthetic mixture, followed by a continuous infusion of diluted local anaesthetic via epidural catheter. Pain was assessed by numeric pain rating scale. The number of top-ups and mode of delivery were recorded in both groups.Results:After 10 minutes, there was a statistically significant difference in numeric pain rating scale ≤3 reported (P=0.028), with 97.4% subjects in dural puncture epidural group achieving adequate analgesia after 10 minutes. There was no statistically significant difference in the number of additional boluses, time to delivery, Bromage scale achieved or maternal outcomes between groups.Conclusion:Dural puncture epidural technique appears to be effective in providing faster onset of epidural analgesia. However, the need for additional boluses remains unchanged. It can be safely used in obstetrics, without deleterious effect on the course of labour.
Purpose
Previously, pain treatment following episiotomy has relied on non-steroid anti-inflammatory drugs as analgesics, whose use during breastfeeding remains controversial due of their transfer to ...the child.
Methods
This was a pilot randomized parallel single-center study aiming to evaluate the effects of auricular acupuncture on pain relief after episiotomy. The primary outcome was reduction of pain intensity using visual analogue scale (VAS) scores during the first three postpartum days. The patients were allocated to either of the groups by using a heads–tails binary result coin toss method and the allocation was not masked. The study was completed after including 60 healthy women that underwent mediolateral episiotomy performed during vaginal delivery, with 29 receiving acupuncture therapy and 31 not receiving acupuncture therapy for pain relief. Oral analgesic therapy was made available per request for all patients.
Results
This study showed that subjective experience of pain was significantly reduced in the acupuncture group on the second and third postpartum days (
P
= 0.004,
P
= 0.005,
P
= 0.22). There were no adverse effects of acupuncture noted.
Conclusions
Our findings confirm that auricular acupuncture therapy may be a valuable adjunct to analgesic therapy in patients undergoing episiotomy during vaginal delivery. The results prompt a question whether our current ‘best practice’ may yet be improved.
Carski rez povezan je s povećanim brojem komplikacija i velikom postoperativnom boli koja uzrokuje produljenje oporavka za tri do pet dana u odnosu prema vaginalnom porođaju. Novijom kirurškom ...metodom FAUCS (engl. French Ambulatory Cesarean Section) smanjuju se poslijeoperacijske komplikacije i bolnost. U Klinici za ženske bolesti i porodništvo Kliničkoga bolničkog centra Sestre milosrdnice u Zagrebu započelo se primjenjivati ovu operacijsku metodu u ožujku 2019. godine, prvi put u Hrvatskoj. Spinalna (subarahnoidalna) anestezija jest
anestezija izbora za ovakav zahvat zbog potrebe sudjelovanja rodilje pri ekstrakciji novorođenčeta. Bolnost je zahvata manja, stoga spinalna anestezija iziskuje nižu dozu lokalnog anestetika u odnosu prema uobičajenoj standardnoj dozi za carski rez. Sniženje doze lokalnog anestetika omogućuje brži oporavak motoričke funkcije, a samim time i bržu mobilizaciju rodilje. Uz spinalnu anesteziju kombinira se analgezija blokom ravnine transversusa abdominis (engl. Transversus abdominis plane – TAP block) na kraju zahvata. Blok TAP-a doveo je do potpunog
uklanjanja boli tijekom prva 24 poslijeoperacijska sata. Potreba za medikamentnom terapijom boli smanjena je na najmanju moguću, a opioidni analgetici nisu bili potrebni. Ovakva kombinacija poštednijega carskog reza i regionalne analgezije omogućila je brži oporavak rodilje, što je povezano s brojnim dobrobitima i za majku i za dijete. Donosimo prikaz jedne od prvih primjena metode FAUCS uz spinalnu anesteziju i blok TAP-a u Hrvatskoj.
Danas su anestezija i analgezija tako sigurne i učinkovite da se kirurški zahvati kod displazije vrata maternice mogu obavljati unutar jednodnevne kirurgije. Anesteziološke tehnike u jednodnevnoj ...kirurgiji povezane su sa značajno manje morbiditeta i mortaliteta. Do 2015. godine svi su se kirurški zahvati kod displazije vrata maternice u Kliničkom bolničkom centru Sestre milosrdnice u Zagrebu radili u općoj anesteziji, a prosječni boravak u bolnici trajao je duže od 30, a kraće od 72 sata. U Klinici za ženske bolesti i porodništvo proveli smo retrospektivno istraživanje u periodu od siječnja 2015. do prosinca 2019. godine, budući da su se od tada zahvati konizacije započeli izvoditi u lokalnoj anesteziji. Proučavali smo učestalost opće i regionalne anestezije u odnosu na vrstu konizacije, učestalost vrste anestezije u odnosu na dobnu skupinu i procjenu rizika bolesnica za anesteziju, te duljinu hospitalizacije u odnosu na vrstu kirurškog zahvata. U periodu od 2015. do 2019. godine zabilježen je stalni porast udjela lokalne anestezije u ukupnom broju elektrodijatermijski odstranjenih transformacijskih zona velikom petljom (engl. Large loop excision of the transformation zone) za 36,5% (49/104 zahvata 2015. u odnosu na 112/134 zahvata 2019.). Od listopada 2018., kada je uveden spinalni blok kao metoda anestezije za konizaciju hladnim nožem, do prosinca 2019. godine udio spinalnog bloka u ukupnom broju konizacija hladnim nožem porastao je za 17,3% (2/65 zahvata 2018. u odnosu na 11/54 zahvata 2019.). Istraživanje prikazuje analizu razlike pojavnosti anestezioloških tehnika ovisno o vrsti kirurškog zahvata, procjeni rizika i životnoj dobi bolesnica za anesteziju kod displazije vrata maternice te duljinu hospitalizacije u odnosu na vrstu konizacije.
Tijekom posljednjih godina epiduralna analgezija za obezboljavanje vaginalnog porođaja primjenjuje se sve češće i jedna je od najčešće rabljenih regionalnih tehnika. Epiduralna anestezija uglavnom se ...rabi za hitni carski rez u rodilja koje već imaju postavljen epiduralni kateter za epiduralnu analgeziju tijekom vaginalnog porođaja. U rodilištu Kliničkoga bolničkog centra Sestre milosrdnice proveli smo retrospektivnu kohortnu studiju od 2008. do 2018. godine. Proučavali smo desetogodišnji trend incidencije epiduralne analgezije u odnosu prema ukupnom broju porođaja i incidencije epiduralne anestezije za hitni carski rez u odnosu prema ukupnom broju hitnih carskih rezova. U 2008. godini učestalost epiduralne analgezije u odnosu prema ukupnom broju porođaja bila je 21% (662/3125), a u 2018. godini 34% (1059/3083). U 2008. godini broj epiduralnih anestezija u odnosu prema ukupnom broju anestezija za hitni carski rez bio je 9% (51/552), a u 2018. 27% (172/639). Trend porasta vidljiv je kod obaju postupaka i iznosi 13% za epiduralne analgezije i 18% pri epiduralnim anestezijama.
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