This article investigates the timing of HSI policy liberalization in Europe by focusing on the role of government partisanship in overcoming diverging pressures for and against greater openness. ...Using event history analysis to analyse changes in HSI policy in 19 European states from 1999 to 2011, this article finds that having right-leaning governments significantly accelerated HSI policy liberalization, while having left-leaning governments delayed it. The findings suggest that skilled immigration is not driven only by labour market dynamics but also by government partisanship. Moreover, the article sheds light on why right-wing parties, in contrast to their usual tendency to champion restrictive immigration policies, may pursue policy liberalization in the case of HSI.
High-skilled immigration (HSI) policy has become of increasing interest among immigrant destination countries, but success in establishing liberal policies has varied considerably across countries. ...Focusing on two reluctant immigration states, Germany and Austria, this article explains why HSI policy reforms in these two countries have led to starkly diverging outcomes. Whereas previous studies have concentrated on the politics of organized labor market actors and the market-institutional context in which they are embedded, this article contends that variation in HSI policy liberalization also reflects increasing politicization through issue linkage to adjacent immigration domains, in this case, immigrant integration policy. The findings challenge the predominant interest-group–centric work on HSI and show how arguments for and against liberalization can traverse immigration policy domains.
Objective
We seek to determine the antecedents of self‐categorization as white and white identity salience among Latinx people. We also investigate the effects of both on Latinx's political ...preferences.
Methods
We perform multivariate regression analyses using the 2012 American National Election Survey (ANES). The survey included 1005 Latinx U.S. citizens.
Results
We find that Latinx citizens with a strong Latino consciousness and more educated Latinx are less likely to self‐categorize as white, while those with a higher income are more likely to do so. Furthermore, we find that white identity salience correlates positively with being a Republican and a conservative and with opposition to welfare. Still, it is not a significant predictor of anti‐immigrant policy preferences.
Conclusion
Many Latinx show a strong attachment to white identity, and these affective ties to whiteness correlate with conservative political orientations.
Is multiculturalism compatible with immigrant integration? While effects of minority rights and cultural recognition are controversial, I argue that not only the analysis of multicultural policies in ...their interaction with other structures and policies deserves more attention, but also that a historical discussion may inform current debates. Comparing and analyzing the French Huguenots in Brandenburg-Prussia (1685-1809) and Germans in the Volga region (1764—1878), I find that incorporation outcomes, despite similarly extensive cultural rights, are driven by differing opportunity structures. These findings contribute to the growing literature on multiculturalism in Europe and advocate a new approach to its analysis.
Is multiculturalism compatible with immigrant integration? While effects of
minority rights and cultural recognition are controversial, I argue that not
only the analysis of multicultural policies in ...their interaction with other
structures and policies deserves more attention, but also that a historical
discussion may inform current debates. Comparing and analyzing the French
Huguenots in Brandenburg-Prussia (1685–1809) and Germans in the Volga region
(1764–1878), I find that incorporation outcomes, despite similarly extensive
cultural rights, are driven by differing opportunity structures. These findings
contribute to the growing literature on multiculturalism in Europe and advocate
a new approach to its analysis.
Is multiculturalism compatible with immigrant integration? While effects ofminority rights and cultural recognition are controversial, I argue that notonly the analysis of multicultural policies in ...their interaction with otherstructures and policies deserves more attention, but also that a historicaldiscussion may inform current debates. Comparing and analyzing the FrenchHuguenots in Brandenburg-Prussia (1685–1809) and Germans in the Volga region(1764–1878), I find that incorporation outcomes, despite similarly extensivecultural rights, are driven by differing opportunity structures. These findingscontribute to the growing literature on multiculturalism in Europe and advocatea new approach to its analysis.
Why do some countries have more skill-selective labour immigration policies than others? Despite general agreement that high-skilled immigrants are economically and socially desirable, some countries ...extensively select high-skilled from low-skilled labour immigrants, while others do not. While most political economy accounts indicate an explicit connection between relative skill selectivity and welfare states, two different hypotheses emerge regarding the direction of this relationship. The fiscal cost hypothesis puts forward that the tension between welfare state generosity and immigration motivates greater selectivity as states try to reconcile fiscal pressures for closure with continuing needs for immigration. The decommodification hypothesis, in contrast, holds that the capabilities of generous welfare states to decommodify their citizens also decrease rationales to be more skill-selective towards labour immigrants. Developing an original measure of skill selectivity in labour immigration policies for 20 developed democracies from 2000 to 2010, we test these two hypotheses. Our results indicate that differences in decommodification levels appear to be substantively and negatively associated with differences in skill selectivity levels, while changes in welfare spending over time, particularly among high-spending countries, rather than differences in spending levels, seem to be positively associated with increasing skill selectivity. This suggests potential tensions between the political responses to economic and demographic changes in the form of immigration policy adjustments and the underlying social logic of modern welfare states. The findings contribute not only to the study of high-skilled immigration, but also advance the current research on the tension between immigration and the welfare state.
Natives in Europe are often opposed to immigrants receiving social services that previously have been reserved for citizens only, but as it turns out, so are a number of immigrants. This article ...argues that seemingly "welfare chauvinist" attitudes among immigrants are in fact an expression of incorporation as naturalized immigrants are more critical of unconditional benefits usage. Using survey data, we compare attitudes among natives, naturalized citizens, and foreign residents, and test competing explanations for welfare chauvinism. We find that naturalization is the strongest predictor of reservations towards benefit openness for immigrants among foreign-born individuals. This article contributes to contemporary studies on the importance of citizenship for community membership, welfare chauvinism in European societies, and the growing field of immigrant public opinion research.
Natives in Europe are often opposed to immigrants receiving social services that previously have been reserved for citizens only, but as it turns out, so are a number of immigrants. This article ...argues that seemingly "welfare chauvinist" attitudes among immigrants are in fact an expression of incorporation as naturalized immigrants are more critical of unconditional benefits usage. Using survey data, we compare attitudes among natives, naturalized citizens, and foreign residents, and test competing explanations for welfare chauvinism. We find that naturalization is the strongest predictor of reservations towards benefit openness for immigrants among foreign-born individuals. This article contributes to contemporary studies on the importance of citizenship for community membership, welfare chauvinism in European societies, and the growing field of immigrant public opinion research.
The putative mating type locus of mucoralean fungi consists of a single high mobility group (HMG)-domain transcription factor gene, sexM or sexP, flanked by genes for an RNA helicase and a ...triosephosphate transporter. We used degenerate primers derived from the amino acid sequence of the RNA helicase to sequence a fragment of this gene from Mucor mucedo. This fragment was extended by inverse PCR to obtain the complete sequences of the sex loci from both mating types of M. mucedo. The sex loci in M. mucedo reflect the general picture obtained previously for Phycomyces blakesleeanus, presenting a single HMG-domain transcription factor gene, sexM and sexP in the minus and plus mating types, respectively. These are located next to a gene for RNA helicase. Transcriptional analysis by quantitative real-time PCR showed that only transcription of sexM is considerably stimulated by adding trisporoid pheromones, thus mimicking sexual stimulation, whereas sexP is only slightly affected. These differences in regulation between sexM and sexP are supported by the observation that the promoter sequences controlling these genes show no similarities. The protein structures themselves are considerably different. The SexM, but not the SexP protein harbours a nuclear localization sequence. The SexM protein is indeed transported to nuclei. This was shown by means of a GFP fusion construct that was used to study the localization of SexM in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The fusion protein is highly enriched in nuclei.
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