Microsatellite genotyping of 38 local Slovenian varieties was performed using 11 SSR markers that have been shown to be highly polymorphic in European Vitis resources. Combining those data with ...previous studies, 49 unique genotypes were identified within the varieties currently cultivated in the Slovenian Primorje region. These genotypes were further compared to 161 cultivars from eight European countries to assess their genetic relationships. A high level of genetic diversity among Slovenian grapevines was revealed and some unknown relationships were discovered. Identity analyses revealed 11 groups of synonyms among Slovenian varieties and three matches between a Slovenian variety and a variety from other countries. Several groups of Slovenian varieties with similar names resulted in different SSR profiles. The genetic distances between varieties used in Slovenia and the most popular cultivars used in other European countries revealed the closest relationship with Croatian varieties and the most distant with French varieties.
The oldest macroremains of Vitis from Slovenia TJASA TOLAR KORENCIC; JAKSE, Jernej; KOROSEC-KORUZA, Zora
Vegetation history and archaeobotany,
12/2008, Volume:
17, Issue:
Suppl 1
Journal Article, Conference Proceeding
Peer reviewed
Open access
The oldest Vitis vinifera ssp. L. (grape) pips (seeds) from Slovenian archaeological sites were found at the late Neolithic (Copper Age) pile-dwelling settlement of Hočevarica on the Ljubljansko ...barje and date to the 37th/36th century B.C. Various biometric studies were carried out to establish whether the grapes were wild or cultivated. A comparison of several morphological characteristics of grape pip samples was performed. Neolithic pips from Hočevarica, Roman pips from Vrhnika (1st century A.D.) and recent Slovenian cultivated grape pips were included in the study. According to the standard indices, the Neolithic Vitis pips were wild. In the case of the Roman pips, it was impossible to determine whether they were wild or cultivated, although they had most probably been cultivated. Since the morphology of grape pips varies considerably (as it did in the Neolithic, as well), the attempted identification of the subspecies Vitis vinifera ssp. sylvestris/vinifera, based on morphological characteristics alone, was unsatisfactory. Therefore, an attempt was made to analyse the DNA, which could help to resolve this question. Initial experiments on extraction of archaeological DNA and amplification of the chloroplast region were performed, but further optimization steps are needed to achieve successful amplification.
This paper analyses the possible reduction in costs achievable as a result of the introduction of genetically modified organisms (GMOs) into vine growing and wine technology. A comparison is made ...between production using two different genetically modified organisms (vine resistant to Grape Fan Leaf Virus and polysaccharide-degrading wine yeast) which were, at the time of the research, two of the most promising genetically modified organisms. The analysis is conducted on the basis of empirical cost estimations and real experimental data. The comparison was conducted at the level of viticulture and winemaking production unit. The results of the costs analysis indicates that at the moment genetically modified organisms in viticulture and winemaking are not very effective at reducing costs. Only in the case where infestation of Grape Fan Leaf Virus is very intensive, are better results obtained in the case of genetically modified vine. Legislation has a strong influence as compliance incurs additional costs (identity preservation, labelling) in the case of GMO technology.
To introduce testing of Grapevine leafroll-associated virus-2 (GLRaV-2) and Grapevine virus B (GVB) in sanitary selection of grapevine, commercially available antibodies were evaluated and conditions ...for routine ELISA testing were optimized. Extraction procedure with Granex 91 - special machine, which is used in routine testing in Slovenia, was compared with grinding samples in mortar. Three different extraction buffers were applied in order to overcome the inconvenience of using more than one extraction procedure when testing grapevine material for several viruses in a routine large-scale testing scheme. Results were verified with Western blot and immuno-electron microscopy. The best results were obtained using extraction buffer with unknown composition (pH 9.0) from BIOREBA kit for GLRaV-2. Other extraction buffers gave less positive samples and they are not convenient for routine testing where extraction with Granex is done. Both viruses, GLRaV-2 and GVB were found in Slovenia, but they couldn't be correlated with rougose wood disease that appears on indigenous cultivar Refošk grafted on ‘SO4’ from collection vineyard in Komen.
Z namenom, da bi uvedli testiranje virusa Grapevine leafroll-associated virus-2 (GLRaV-2) in virusa Grapevine virus B (GVB) v zdravstveno selekcijo vinske trte, smo testirali komercialno dostopna protitelesa in optimizirali pogoje za rutinsko testiranje v ELISA. Primerjali smo ekstrakcijo s strojem Granex 91, ki ga v Sloveniji uporabljajo v rutinskem testiranju, z ekstrakcijo v terilnici. Da bi poenotili ekstrakcijo različnih virusov v obsežnem rutinskem testiranju, smo preizkusili tri različne ekstrakcijske pufre. Rezultate smo preverili z imunskim pivnikom (Western blot) in imunsko elektronsko mikroskopijo. Najboljše rezultate smo dobili pri vzorcih ekstrahiranih s pufrom nepoznane sestave iz kita za določevanje GLRaV-2 proizvajalca BIOREBA. Z ostalima pufroma smo dobili manj pozitivnih vzorcev, zato menimo, da pufra nista primerna za ekstrakcijo vzorcev v rutinskem testiranju kjer se uporablja stroj Granex 91. Ugotovili smo prisotnost obeh virusov v Sloveniji, nismo pa uspeli dokazati povezave teh dveh virusov z razbrazdanjem lesa, ki se pojavlja na trsih domače sorte Refošk cepljenih na podlago ‘SO4’ iz kolekcijskega vinograda v Komnu.
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