Iako je govor u računalno sintetiziranom obliku postao dio računalnih igara već 1978. godine, njegova primjena, osobito u žanru računalnih igara temeljenih na lokaciji, slabo je istražena. U ovom ...radu predstavljen je pregled implementacije govora u računalnim igrama nastalim u razdoblju od 1978. do 2018. godine i dosadašnja iskustva njegove primjene. Fokus je stavljen na analizu mogućnosti korištenja govornih tehnologija u računalnim igrama temeljenim na lokaciji. Zaključak donosi odgovor na pitanje ima li smisla, s obzirom na specifičnosti žanra i aktualno stanje tehnologije, uvoditi govorne tehnologije u igre temeljene na lokaciji te koji su preduvjeti za to.
Sažetak. Cilj: Utvrditi postoji li povezanost između peritumoralnih pukotina i miofibroblastične reakcije strome u duktalnim invazivnim karcinomima dojke bez posebnih obilježja. Metode: U 100 ...invazivnih duktalnih karcinoma dojke u žena analizirani su postojanje peritumoralnih pukotina i imunohistokemijska izraženost CD34, vimentina i glatkomišićnog aktina (SMA) u tumorskoj stromi. Rezultati: Peritumoralne pukotine nađene su u 92% karcinoma, dok u okolnom tkivu i oko žarišta duktalnog karcinoma in situ nisu nađene. Proširenost pukotina bila je 5 do 100%. Apsolutni postotak peritumoralnih pukotina bio je znatno povezan s količinom SMA+ miofibroblasta u stromi, veličinom tumora i pT-stadijem bolesti, prisutnošću metastaza u aksilarnim limfnim čvorovima i udjelom pozitivnih limfnih čvorova. Tumori s opsežno izraženim peritumoralnim pukotinama (u > 30% tumora) imali su znatno veću količinu SMA+ miofibroblasta u stromi, češće metastaze u aksilarne limfne čvorove i veći udio pozitivnih limfnih čvorova. Zaključak: Peritumoralne pukotine morfološki su izraz promijenjenih osobina tumorske strome u obliku zadobivanja miofibroblastičnog fenotipa.
Uvod: Peritumoralne retrakcijske pukotine više se ne smatraju samo artefaktom, već dodatnim pokazateljem ponašanja invazivnih karcinoma mnogih organa. One predstavljaju morfološki odraz promjena u ...građi i sastavu tumorske strome, a možda i jedan od stadija limfangiogeneze tumora. Hipoteza istraživanja bila je da su u tkivu invazivnog duktalnog karcinoma dojke peritumoralne retrakcijske pukotine povezane s povećanom gustoćom limfnih žila što doprinosi lakšem rasapu
tumorskih stanica i lošijoj prognozi. Materijal i metode: Analizirano je 100 invazivnih duktalnih karcinoma dojke u žena, 41% bez, a 59% s metastazama u limfne čvorove aksile. Osim rutinski, analizirana je imunohistokemijska izraženost CD34, vimentina, glatkomišićnog aktina (SMA) i CD2-40 (podoplanina). Rezultati: Peritumoralne pukotine su nađene u 92% karcinoma, a u okolnom zdravom tkivu i oko žarišta duktalnog karcinoma in situ nisu nađene. Proširenost pukotina bila je 5% do 100%. Gustoća malih limfnih žila unutar tumora i peritumoralno nije pokazala statistički značajnu povezanost s apsolutnim postotkom peritumoralnih pukotina, kao niti s izraženošću peritumoralnih pukotina s obzirom na graničnu vrijednost od 30%. U bolesnica s metastazama peritumoralna limfovaskularna invazija (LVI) je nađena 2 puta češće, a intratumoralna LVI skoro 5 puta češće nego u bolesnica bez metastaza, što je statistički značajno različito. Ni peritumoralna, niti intratumoralna
LVI nisu pokazale statistički značajnu povezanost s apsolutnim postotkom peritumoralnih pukotina, kao niti s izraženošću
peritumoralnih pukotina s obzirom na graničnu vrijednost od 30%. Zaključak: U invazivnom duktalnom karcinomu dojke peritumoralne pukotine predstavljaju morfološki odraz promijenjenih osobina tumorske strome, ali nisu povezane s gustoćom malih krvnih žila kao odrazom limfangiogeneze, čija je patogeneza vjerojatno drugačija.
•A fuzzy-knowledge based intelligent system for multilayered image annotation.•Novel merged statistical and knowledge-based approach for image interpretation.•Automatic acquisition of facts and rules ...about the concepts, and their reliability.•Inconsistency checking of image segments classification.•Automatic knowledge-based scene recognition and inference of more abstract classes.
Major challenge in automatic image annotation is bridging the semantic gap between the computable low-level image features and the human-like interpretation of images. The interpretation includes concepts on different levels of abstraction that cannot be simply mapped to features but require additional reasoning with general and domain-specific knowledge. The problem is even more complex since knowledge in context of image interpretation is often incomplete, imprecise, uncertain and ambiguous in nature. Thus, in this paper we propose a fuzzy-knowledge based intelligent system for image annotation, which is able to deal with uncertain and ambiguous knowledge and can annotate images with concepts on different levels of abstraction that is more human-like. The main contributions are associated with an original approach of using a fuzzy knowledge-representation scheme based on the Fuzzy Petri Net (KRFPN) formalism. The acquisition of knowledge is facilitated in a way that besides the general knowledge provided by the expert, the computable facts and rules about the concepts, as well as their reliability, are produced automatically from data. The reasoning capability of the fuzzy inference engine of the KRFPN is used in a novel way for inconsistency checking of the classified image segments, automatic scene recognition, and the inference of generalized and derived classes.
The results of image interpretation of Corel images belonging to the domain of outdoor scenes achieved by the proposed system outperform the published results obtained on the same image base in terms of average precision and recall. Owing to the fuzzy-knowledge representation scheme, the obtained image interpretation is enriched with new, more general and abstract concepts that are close to concepts people use to interpret these images.
Research over the past decade has indicated that melanocortin peptides are potent inhibitors of inflammation and a promising source of new anti-inflammatory and cytoprotective therapies. The purpose ...of the present paper is to compare protective effects of alpha-, beta-, and gamma-melanocyte stimulating hormone on acetaminophen induced liver lesions in male CBA mice. Acetaminophen was applied intragastrically in a dose of 150 mg/kg, and tested substances were applied intraperitoneally 1 hour before acetaminophen. Mice were sacrificed after 24 hours and intensity of liver injury was estimated by measurement of plasma transaminase activity (AST and ALT) and histopathological grading of lesions. It was found that alpha-, beta-, and gamma-MSH decrease intensity of lesions by both criteria in a dose-dependent manner.
Data preparation for semantic image interpretation Ivas̆ić-Kos, Marina; Pavlić, Mile; Matetić, Maja
Proceedings of the ITI 2010, 32nd International Conference on Information Technology Interfaces,
2010-June
Conference Proceeding
Even though a lot of effort has been put into researching image retrieval and interpretation, there is still no universally accepted approach to map low-level feature into high level image semantic ...interpretation. In this paper, a method for continuous low-level features vector quantization is presented so as to define appropriate values for descriptive variables. Also, an abstract image description vector suitable for image analysis is given. Furthermore, formal explicit description of concepts and their properties as well as hierarchical relationship among concepts in an outdoor image domain will be presented.
We live in a world where digital images are constantly generated during our daily activities, whether private or business. They play an important role in our private life, showing important moments, ...people, places, or events and keeping their memory. Images are unavoidable in business, especially in digital marketing, web sales, social networks, medicine, security, and education. In general, images contribute to a better understanding of the message, increase the attractiveness of textual content, provide a better user experience, and can convey emotion quickly. The key advantage of the image is that very often, even a cursory glance at the image is enough to convey a message and arouse emotion and interest. But with the increase in digital image numbers, storage, organization, and retrieval problems arise. The paper describes the importance of images in different areas of application and different image retrieval paradigms that include text-based, content-based, and combined approaches. Also, the most popular image search tools and cloud storage services are compared and discussed. The conclusion comments on the applicability of existing approaches to image searches in different application domains and highlights the advantages and disadvantages of each of the approaches.
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