In this study, growth parameters of underground parts and concentrations of phenylpropanoids, phenylethanoids, flavonoids, hydroxybenzoic acids, and catechins in aqueous-ethanol extracts of ...6-year-old cultivated plants of
(propagated in vitro) of Altai Mountain origin were analyzed, and differences in chemical composition among plant specimens and between plant parts (rhizome and root) were evaluated. High-performance liquid chromatography detected 13 phenolic compounds. Roots contained 1.28 times higher phenylethanoids levels (1273.72 mg/100 g) than rhizomes did. Overall, the concentration of phenylethanoids in underground organs was not high and ranged from 21.36 to 103.00 mg/100 g. High variation among
individual plants was noted both in growth characteristics and in levels of secondary metabolites under our cultivation conditions. It was found that concentrations of phenylpropanoids, phenylethanoids, and catechins significantly depend on the plant part analyzed (
≤ 0.05). Specimen No. 4 is characterized by the highest concentration of rosavins (1230.99 mg/plant) and the lowest concentration of cinnamyl alcohol (62.87 mg/plant). Despite the wide range of values, all 10 tested specimens (underground part) met the minimum requirements of the United States Pharmacopeia (2015) for rosavins (0.3%) and of the Russia State Pharmacopoeia (2015) for the average level of rosavins (roots): (1%).
The purpose of this study is to identify the most productive cenopopulations (CP) of the rare species Rhodiola rosea based on the accumulation of biologically active compounds in the rhizomes in 14 ...CP from different ecological and geographical conditions of Altai Mountains. The composition and content of 11 components, including salidroside, tyrosol, (+)-catechin, epigallocatechin gallate, rosarin, rosavin, rosin, cinnamyl alcohol, rhodiosin, and rhodionin, were determined by HPLC analysis. The composition of phenolic compounds (PC) in the studied CPs of R. rosea was stable. The amounts of each of the 11 components of the PC and groups of compounds were different in the CPs from different ecological and geographical conditions. The highest and lowest levels of phenylpropanoids (PP) were found in individuals from the Ust-Kan region. These are CP1, from the Baschelaksky ridge, 2000 m above sea level (masl), and CP7 in the Talkash River valley, 1200 m above sea level (4613.1 ± 170.1 and 1362.0 ± 57.0 mg/100 g, respectively). The highest content of PP was found in the samples from seven CPs. Of these, 60% grew in the milder climatic conditions (Ust-Kan region). In terms of individual variability in PC content in two model CPs of R. rosea, a significantly higher content of most PC groups was found in the representatives from more stressful high-mountain conditions (2000 masl) in alpine zone, compared with the same indicators in plants growing at lower altitude in forest zone (1500 masl) (classification of N.I. Makunina, 2016). Selection of the most productive forms of this valuable medicinal species would allow for their in vitro introduction and micropropagation into the culture.
•Phenolic compound (PC) content was studied in 14 cenopopulations (CP) of Rhodiola rosea for the first time.•The highest content of phenylpropanoids was found in the samples from 7 CPs of R. rosea.•Most CP with high PC content were located in a region with milder climatic conditions.•A higher PC content was determined in model plants of high-mountain CP (2000 masl).
The main morphological, anatomical, physiological and biochemical characteristics of
Populus tremula
undergrowth leaves as resistance indicators under conditions of coal pit waste dump are ...considered. There has been established high variability of morphological parameters and chemical elements composition and anatomical structure peculiarities. There are reported the differences in the content of photosynthetic pigments and phenol compounds.
In this study, growth parameters of underground parts and concentrations of phenylpropanoids, phenylethanoids, flavonoids, hydroxybenzoic acids, and catechins in aqueous–ethanol extracts of ...6-year-old cultivated plants of Rhodiola rosea (propagated in vitro) of Altai Mountain origin were analyzed, and differences in chemical composition among plant specimens and between plant parts (rhizome and root) were evaluated. High-performance liquid chromatography detected 13 phenolic compounds. Roots contained 1.28 times higher phenylethanoids levels (1273.72 mg/100 g) than rhizomes did. Overall, the concentration of phenylethanoids in underground organs was not high and ranged from 21.36 to 103.00 mg/100 g. High variation among R. rosea individual plants was noted both in growth characteristics and in levels of secondary metabolites under our cultivation conditions. It was found that concentrations of phenylpropanoids, phenylethanoids, and catechins significantly depend on the plant part analyzed (p ≤ 0.05). Specimen No. 4 is characterized by the highest concentration of rosavins (1230.99 mg/plant) and the lowest concentration of cinnamyl alcohol (62.87 mg/plant). Despite the wide range of values, all 10 tested specimens (underground part) met the minimum requirements of the United States Pharmacopeia (2015) for rosavins (0.3%) and of the Russia State Pharmacopoeia (2015) for the average level of rosavins (roots): (1%).
The analytical task of determining the phenolic compound content of water-ethanol extracts of
Populus
tremula
L. (common aspen) leaves is complicated by the heterogeneity of compound groups having ...different polarities and appearing in varying concentrations. The purpose of the present work is to study the conditions of solid-phase extraction and high-performance liquid chromatography used to analyse the content of different groups of phenolic compounds in water-ethanol extracts of leaves from the
P
.
tremula
plant. In order to facilitate the derivation of phenolic compounds, an exhaustive extraction process was carried out using ethanol. Solid-phase extraction was carried out using a Diapak C16 cartridge, after which the eluates were passed through a membrane filter having a pore diameter of 0.45 μm. The high-performance liquid chromatography method was used to determine the content of phenolic acids and flavonoid glycosides, as well as salicin and individual flavonoid glycoside components: hyperoside, rutin, astragalin and two unidentified flavonoid glycosides in aqueous (analyte 1) and aqueous-alcoholic fractions (analyte 2) in two systems along the gradient elution. The requirement of analysing the primary aqueous eluate together or in parallel with the main aqueous-alcoholic fraction in the preparation of
P. tremula
leaf extracts for high-performance liquid chromatography using solid-phase extraction cartridges was substantiated. For separating the extract to determine the hydroxycinnamic and hydroxybenzoic acid content, it is preferable to use system 2; for determining the phenologlycoside (salicin) content, system 1 is more effective. Flavonoid glycosides (hyperoside, rutin, astragalin and two unidentified flavonoids) make the most significant contribution to the difference between the aqueous and aqueous-alcoholic fractions.
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