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•Various useful characteristics of ILs have been highlighted.•The utility of ILs in diverse fields has been indicated.•Potential applications of ILs have been explored by considering ...current research in every zone.•Various challenges associated with their utilization on a commercial scale have been discussed.
The vast utilization and scope of ionic liquids in a variety of fields have been presented based upon available literature. Systematic and concise analysis of the various ionic liquids’ applications has been done highlighting some recent significant advances in every zone. This review will contribute to enlightening the substantial knowledge of every branch of research based on ionic liquids. Apart from this, the challenges associated with the industrial use of ionic liquids have been discussed, which require further investigation.
The desire of improving various processes like enhanced oil recovery (EOR), water treatment technologies, biomass extraction, organic synthesis, carbon capture etc. in which conventional surfactants ...have been traditionally utilized; prompted various researchers to explore the self-assembly and aggregation behavior of different kinds of surface-active molecules. Ionic liquids (ILs) with long alkyl chain present in their structure constitute the advantageous properties of surfactant and ILs, hence termed as surface-active ionic liquids (SAILs). The addition of ILs and SAILs significantly influence the surface-activity and aggregation behavior of industrially useful conventional surfactants. After a brief review of ILs, SAILs and surfactants, the prime focus is made on analyzing the self-assembly of SAILs and the mixed micellization behavior of conventional surfactants with different ILs.
The present examination focuses on understanding the micellization behavior of surface active ionic liquids 1-tetradecyl-3-methylimidazolium bromide C14mim Br and 1-pentadecyl-3-methylimidazolium ...bromide C15mim Br in presence of antidiabetic drug metformin hydrochloride by employing conductivity measurements and IR spectroscopy. The CMC value and value of counter ion dissociation (α) has been calculated by utilizing conductivity measurements. The dependency of CMC value evaluated from conductivity measurements in aqueous medium and presence of different weight percentage (0.03, 0.05 & 0.07) of drug metformin hydrochloride in aqueous medium and at different temperatures (298.15, 308.15 & 318.15) has been employed to calculate various thermodynamic parameters such as standard free energy of micellization (ΔGm0), standard enthalpy of micellization (ΔHm0), and standard entropy of micellization (ΔSm0). There is a significant increase in CMC value with the rise in temperature signifying delay in micellization process with increasing temperature. Further, the structural alterations prevailing in the selected system (ionic liquid-drug) has been determined by FT-IR Spectroscopy.
•Micellization behavior of C14mim Br and C15mim Br in presence of antidiabetic drug metformin hydrochloride.•Conductivity, FT-IR spectroscopy used for the study.•Determination of the thermodynamic parameters of micellization.•Increase in CMC value with the rise in temperature.•Shift in wavenumber in absence and presence of drug for ionic liquids at different concentration.
The intake of microbial-contaminated food poses severe health issues due to the outbreaks of stern food-borne diseases. Therefore, there is a need for precise detection and identification of ...pathogenic microbes and toxins in food to prevent these concerns. Thus, understanding the concept of biosensing has enabled researchers to develop nanobiosensors with different nanomaterials and composites to improve the sensitivity as well as the specificity of pathogen detection. The application of nanomaterials has enabled researchers to use advanced technologies in biosensors for the transfer of signals to enhance their efficiency and sensitivity. Nanomaterials like carbon nanotubes, magnetic and gold, dendrimers, graphene nanomaterials and quantum dots are predominantly used for developing biosensors with improved specificity and sensitivity of detection due to their exclusive chemical, magnetic, mechanical, optical and physical properties. All nanoparticles and new composites used in biosensors need to be classified and categorized for their enhanced performance, quick detection, and unobtrusive and effective use in foodborne analysis. Hence, this review intends to summarize the different sensing methods used in foodborne pathogen detection, their design, working principle and advances in sensing systems.
Microgreens have been used for raw consumption and are generally viewed as healthy food. This study aimed to optimize the yield parameters, shelf life, sensory evaluation and characterization of ...total aerobic bacteria (TAB), yeast and mold (Y&M), Escherichia coli, Salmonella spp., and Listeria spp. incidence in mungbean (Vigna radiata (L.) Wilczek), lentil (Lens culinaris Medikus subsp. culinaris), and Indian mustard (Brassica juncea (L.) Czern & Coss.) microgreens. In mungbean and lentil, seeding-density of three seed/cm2, while in Indian mustard, eight seed/cm2 were recorded as optimum. The optimal time to harvest mungbean, Indian mustard, and lentil microgreens were found as 7th, 8th, and 9th day after sowing, respectively. Interestingly, seed size was found highly correlated with the overall yield in both mungbeans (r2 = .73) and lentils (r2 = .78), whereas no such relationship has been recorded for Indian mustard microgreens. The target pathogenic bacteria such as Salmonella spp. and Listeria spp. were not detected; while TAB, Y&M, Shigella spp., and E. coli were recorded well within the limit to cause any human illness in the studied microgreens. Washing with double distilled water for two minutes has shown some reduction in the overall microbial load of these microgreens. The results provided evidence that microgreens if grown and stored properly, are generally safe for human consumption. This is the first study from India on the safety of mungbean, lentils, and Indian mustard microgreens.
Heavy metal accumulation in plants is a severe environmental problem, rising at an expeditious rate. Heavy metals such as cadmium, arsenic, mercury and lead are known environmental pollutants that ...exert noxious effects on the morpho-physiological and biological attributes of a plant. Due to their mobile nature, they have become an extended part of the food chain and affect human health. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi ameliorate metal toxicity as they intensify the plant’s ability to tolerate metal stress. Mycorrhizal fungi have vesicles, which are analogous to fungal vacuoles and accumulate massive amount of heavy metals in them. With the help of a pervasive hyphal network, arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi help in the uptake of water and nutrients, thereby abating the use of chemical fertilizers on the plants. They also promote resistance parameters in the plants, secrete a glycoprotein named glomalin that reduces the metal uptake in plants by forming glycoprotein–metal complexes, and improve the quality of the soil. They also assist plants in phytoremediation by increasing the absorptive area, increase the antioxidant response, chelate heavy metals and stimulate genes for protein synthesis that reduce the damage caused by free radicals. The current manuscript focuses on the uptake of heavy metals, accumulation, and arbuscular mycorrhizal impact in ameliorating heavy metal stress in plants.
Fruit extracts have natural bioactive molecules that are known to possess significant therapeutic potential. Traditionally, metallic nanoparticles were synthesized via chemical methods, in which the ...chemical act as the reducing agent. Later, these traditional metallic nanoparticles emerged as the biological risk, which prompted researchers to explore an eco-friendly approach. There are different eco-friendly methods employed for synthesizing these metallic nanoparticles via the usage of microbes and plants, primarily via fruit extract. These explorations have paved the way for using fruit extracts for developing nanoparticles, as they eliminate the usage of reducing and stabilizing agents. Metallic nanoparticles have gained significant attention, and are used for diverse biological applications. The present review discusses the potential activities of phytochemicals, and it intends to summarize the different metallic nanoparticles synthesized using fruit extracts and their associated pharmacological activities like anti-cancerous, antimicrobial, antioxidant and catalytic efficiency.
The complexities in present day supply chain are numerous and are evolving due to globalization, customisation, innovation, flexibility, sustainability and uncertainties. The growing supply chain ...complexity results in negative consequences on cost, customer service and reputation. Managing supply chain complexity without compromising the profitability is a challenging task. Supply chain complexity (SCC) management involves identifying, prioritizing, measuring, analysing and controlling/eliminating the drivers of complexity. The SCC drivers denote number and variety of suppliers, customers, products, processes and uncertainties which are highly interdependent. Firms need to prioritize the drivers in order to manage and simplify SCC. Models and methods to prioritize the complexity drivers considering their interdependence are limited in literature. Prioritizing the complexity drivers requires a subjective approach and it is a multi criteria decision making (MCDM) problem. In this research, at first a fuzzy ISM (Fuzzy Interpretive Structural Modelling) is used to establish the interdependence of SCC drivers. A fuzzy AHP (Analytic Hierarchy Process) and fuzzy PROMETHEE (Preference Ranking Organization Method for Enrichment Evaluation) are then used to quantify and prioritize the complexity drivers considering the strength of interdependence obtained using the fuzzy ISM. A case example of a mining equipment manufacturer located in India is presented to illustrate the proposed approach. From the results it is identified that unreliability of suppliers, forecast inaccuracy, lack of visibility /information sharing and number/variety of processes are the significant drivers.
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•An integrated fuzzy model to prioritize supply chain complexity (SCC) drivers for an Indian mining equipment manufacturer.•We identify 14 SCC drivers and use Fuzzy ISM to establish the contextual relation among the SCC drivers.•We use a fuzzy AHP and fuzzy PROMETHEE to prioritize the SCC drivers considering interdependence.•Supply base and internal manufacturing complexities are identified as the dominant SCC drivers for the case company.
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