Green synthesis is a simple, non-toxic, economical and eco-friendly approach for the synthesis of nanoparticles. In the present work, nanoparticles of titanium dioxide (TiO
NPs) were synthesized ...using an aqueous solution of
leaf extract as a capping agent. These green synthesized TiO
NPs were further evaluated for photo catalytic removal of lead from industrial wastewater. Obtained nanoparticles were characterized using: high-resolution scanning electron microscopy (HRSEM), high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM), X-ray energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD), dynamic light scattering (DLS) and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET). Obtained results revealed that synthesized TiO
NPs possess spherical morphology with anatase phase with a large BET surface area of 105 m
/g. Photo catalytic studies of TiO
NPs for lead removal from explosive wastewater were performed in a self-designed reactor. Inductive coupled plasma spectroscopy (ICP) was used to determine the lead concentration. Obtained results witnessed 75.5% removal in chemical oxygen demand (COD) and 82.53% removal in lead (Pb
). This application of green TiO
NPs is being explored for the first time.
The recent outbreak of CoVID-19 is declared as a global public health emergency of international concern by the World Health Organization (WHO). A fresh figure of 2268011 positive cases and 155185 ...death records (till April 18th 2020) across the worldwide signify the severity of this viral infection. CoVID-19 infection is a pandemic, surface to surface communicable disease with a case fatality rate of 3.4% as estimated by WHO up to March 3rd 2020. Unfortunately, the current unavailability of an effective antiviral drug and approved vaccine, worsen the situation more critical. Implementation of an effective preventive measure is the only option left to counteract CoVID-19. Further, a retrospective analysis provides evidence that contemplates the decisive role of preventive measures in controlling severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) outbreak in 2003. A statistical surveillance report of WHO reflects, maintaining a coherent infection, prevention and control guideline resulted in a 30% reduction in healthcare-associated infections. The effectiveness of preventive measures completely relies on the strength of surface disinfectants, the composition of hand sanitizer, appropriate material for the manufacture of personal protective equipment (PPE). This review enlightens the various preventive measures such as a suitable selection of surface disinfectants, appropriate hand sanitization, and empowering the PPE that could be a potential intervention to fight against CoVID-19.
Display omitted
In the present analysis 15 experiments were performed in conjunction with the Box-Behnken architecture matrix based on the machining parameter's effect, like spindle speed, feed rate, and cutting ...width., A surface roughness mathematically framework was designed using the surface reaction methods of this model to aid a genetic algorithm. Which is used to decide the optimum machining parameters. Response surface methodology has been used in this paper due to certain advantages as compare to other methodology such as it needs fewer experiments to study the effects of all the factors and the optimum combination of all the variables can be revealed. Finally, a genetic algorithm was used to determine the optimum setting of process parameters that maximize the rate of content removal. The best surface roughness response value obtained from single-objective genetic algorithm optimization was 1.19 μm.
•Operative parameters of HTL substantially influence the property and yield of bio-crude.•HTL produced a higher viscosity bio-crude than pyrolysis.•Apart from the temperature, pressure, biomass to ...solvent ratio altered the bio-crude yield.•Bio-crude generated by HTL scores over pyrolysis except for higher sulphur, yield, and viscosity.•TEA and LCA established variations in yield and properties of fuels with varying operating conditions.
An in-depth, comprehensive, and critical review of the hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) technology for maximum yield of biocrude with enhanced properties has been undertaken. The feedstocks, process parameters, kinetic of HTL for bio-crude production have been systematically examined and collated from a board range of research. In the coverage of Techno-Economic Analysis (TEA) and Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) of HTL of feedstocks, this review overcomes the failure of existing literature to give due weightage to those crucial issues. HTL is introduced by the direct use of wet biomass that eliminates the drying unit, reduction in total expenditure, and conversion of materials into solid and liquid fuels at moderate temperatures (250–400 °C) and pressures (10–35 MPa). The introduction of hot pressurized water results in a lower yield of tar with higher energy proficiency. The biomass is delineated via elemental composition, renewable feedstock potential, and evaluation of dry versus wet biomass feedstocks. HTL is comprehensively reviewed through the process mechanisms, depolymerization reactions of biomass, hydrothermal liquefaction process of dry and wet lignocellulose feedstocks, and the effect of operating parameters. The product(s) description and evaluation, process advancements, energy efficiency, and kinetic investigation in relation to HTL form the final parts of this review. This review is aimed at optimization and commercialization of the HTL technology to meet the demands of the biofuel sector, the researcher working in the thermochemical conversion of feedstocks, and the development of new HTL reactors.
Stir casting is one of the most suitable processes for producing Metal Matrix Composites (MMCs) because of its simplicity, proven process, lower cost of production and mass production capability. ...This paper reviews all the significant attributes of stir casting process such as furnace design, properties of the composites, challenges in the production of the composites as well as the potential research opportunities in the production of composites. We have also provided recommendations for the furnace design, selection of matrix and reinforcement materials as well as process parameters and additives, which makes the review novel. In order to provide a background for any reader interested in the production processes for MMCs, we have also discussed the various approaches in the introductory section briefly. Based on the critical assessment of the literature, especially the mechanical properties of the produced MMCs, a bottom tapping stir casting furnace, preferably with electromagnetic and ultrasonic stirrer along with squeeze attachment is recommended for the production of MMCs.
One of the most promising and widely used additive manufacturing technologies, fused deposition modelling (FDM), is based on material extrusion and is most commonly used for producing thermoplastic ...parts for functional applications with the objectives of low cost, minimal waste and ease of material conversion. Considering that pure thermoplastic materials have a significantly poor mechanical performance, it is necessary to enhance the mechanical properties of thermoplastic parts generated using FDM technology. One of the conceivable techniques is to incorporate reinforcing materials such as short glass fibre (SGF) into the thermoplastic matrix in order to produce a polymer composite that can be used in engineering applications, such as structural applications. The morphological and mechanical properties of SGF (short glass fibre) reinforced ABS- (Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene) based polymer composites created via the method of FDM (fused deposition modelling) were investigated in this work. Properties were evaluated at three different weight percentages (0, 15 and 30 wt%). The composite filaments were developed using the process of twin screw extrusion. The comparison was made between ABS + SGF (short glass fibre) composites and pure ABS of mechanical properties that include surface roughness, tensile strength and low-velocity impact. The tests were carried out to analyze the properties as per ASTM standards. It has been found that the impact strength and tensile strength show an improvement in glass fibre inclusion; moreover, alongside the direction of build, the surface roughness had been reduced. The studies also focused on studying the dispersion characters of SGF in ABS matrix and its impact on the properties. Strength and modulus of SGF reinforced ABS composite has been significantly improved along with reduction of ductility. A 57% increase in tensile strength has been noted for 30 wt% addition of SGF to ABS in comparison to pure ABS. It was also interesting to note the reduction in surface roughness with every incremental addition of SGF to ABS. A 40% reduction in surface roughness has been observed with a 30 wt% addition of SGF to ABS in comparison to pure ABS.
Methicillin Resistant
Staphylococcus aureus
(MRSA) consists of strains of
S. aureus
which are resistant to methicillin. The resistance is due to the acquisition of mecA gene which encodes PBP2a ...unlike of any PBPs normally produced by
S. aureus
. PBP2a shows unusually low β-Lactam affinity and remains active to allow cell wall synthesis at normally lethal β-Lactam concentrations. MRSA can cause different types of infections like Healthcare associated MRSA, Community associated MRSA and Livestock associated MRSA infections. It causes skin lesions, osteomyelitis, endocarditis and furunculosis. To treat MRSA infections, only a few options are available like vancomycin, clindamycin, co-trimoxazole, fluoroquinolones or minocycline and there is a dire need of discovering new antibacterial agents that can effectively treat MRSA infections. In the current review, an attempt has been made to compile the data of quinoline derivatives possessing anti-MRSA potential reported to date.
Surface plasmon resonance based affinity biosensor comprising of 2S2G (Ge20Ga5Sb10S65) chalcogenide prism, graphene-multilayer and gold as a plasmon active metal is proposed for sensing over a broad ...wavelength range in visible and near infrared regime. We have investigated and carried out detailed analysis to design high performance affinity biosensor by exploiting the unique optical properties of chalcogenide glass and graphene. The performance of the biosensor has been quantified in terms of sensitivity and detection accuracy. The sensitivity of proposed biosensor increases significantly due to the presence of graphene where as the detection accuracy increases by more than 100% because of high index chalcogenide glass as compared to silica glass. Also, the detection accuracy of the proposed sensor in near IR is 16 times more as compared to that in visible. Adequate values of crucial design parameters have been optimized to achieve the best possible sensing performance over a broad wavelength range.
A severe acute respiratory syndrome is an unusual type of contagious pneumonia that is caused by SARS coronavirus. At present, the whole world is trying to combat this coronavirus disease and ...scientific communities are putting rigorous efforts to develop vaccines. However, there are only a few specific medical treatments for SARS‐CoV‐2. Apart from other public health measures taken to prevent this virus, we can boost our immunity with natural products. In this article, we have highlighted the potential of common spices and herbs as antiviral agents and immunity boosters. A questionnaire‐based online survey has been conducted on home remedies during COVID‐19 among a wide range of peoples (n‐531) of different age groups (13–68 years) from various countries. According to the survey, 71.8% of people are taking kadha for combating infection and boosting immunity. Most people (86.1%) think that there is no side effect of kadha while 13.9% think vice versa. A total of 93.6% of people think that spices are helpful in curing coronavirus or other viral infection as well as boosting immunity. Most people are using tulsi drops, vitamin C, and chyawanprash for boosting their immunity. Therefore, we conclude from the survey and available literature that spices and herbs play a significant role against viral infections.
PDF
