Cilj: Cilj istraživanja bila je usporedba djelovanja tramadola i petidina tijekom porođaja na opstetričke ishode (njihov analgetski učinak, trajanje porođaja, pojavnost nuspojava u rodilja i ...neonatalni status). Metode:
Djelovanje analgetika ispitano je prospektivnim usporedbenim (engl. head-to-head) randomiziranim dvostruko slijepim intervencijskim istraživanjem na uzorku od 60 rodilja tijekom ročnog porođaja. U istraživanju su upotrijebljene doze tramadola i petidina od 50 mg primijenjene intravenski. Pri analizi podataka služili smo se testom razlike u proporcijama dvaju nezavisnih skupova i Studentovim t-testom. Prije provedbe t-testa normalnost je ispitana Kolmogorov-Smirnovljevim testom.
Rezultati: Primjena tramadola povezana je s manje prijavljenih nuspojava te kraćim trajanjem porođaja u odnosu prema skupini rodilja liječenih petidinom. Analizom analgetskog učinka statistički značajno niža vrijednost boli nakon 10 minuta i 30 minuta utvrđena je u pacijentica kojima je primijenjen petidin u odnosu prema onima na tramadolu, uz negativnu razliku osjeta boli u obje promatrane točke mjerenja. Efekt primjene tramadola iščeznuo je nakon 30 minuta. Nisu utvrđene statistički značajne razlike u karakteristikama CTG zapisa, Apgarina zbroja, vrijednosti pH iz pupkovine.
Zaključak: Prema rezultatima istraživanja, tramadol skraćuje trajanje porođaja, a petidin ima jači analgetski učinak, ali i više neugodnih nuspojava za majku. Neonatalni je ishod neovisan o vrsti opioida.
Abstract The adverse effect of shock-wave lithotripsy (SWL) for renal stones on blood pressure is currently defined as its post-treatment increase. On the contrary, we hypothesize that even mild, ...unilateral renal obstruction initiates an increase in blood pressure. Then, in absence of treatment-induced injury, the stone removal should decrease the blood pressure. We derived the formula to assess the expected change in the mean arterial pressure following relief of renal obstruction without affecting the kidney functions. The predictions were well replicated in the cohort of patients with renal stone treated with parenchyma-saving open surgery, with 6.4 mmHg decrease at 3 months. On the contrary, in SWL cohort, instead of the expected 4.7 mmHg decrease, the blood pressure was unchanged. In conclusion, the absence of decrease in blood pressure is a very common adverse effect of SWL, leading to an epidemiologically significant increase in the risk of arterial vascular events.
The aim of our retrospective study was to compare the performance of transvaginal sonography in relation to histologic diagnosis of samples obtained by hysteroscopy through analysis of data collected ...over 16 years. Data on suspected formation of endometrial polyp or submucosal fibroid found on ultrasound examination were extracted. The study included a total of 3679 women examined during the 2000-2015 period. All women underwent ultrasound examination preoperatively for better planning the type and scope of operation to be performed. The study included only women with samples for histopathologic analysis collected during the operation. Ultrasound diagnosis of polyps compared with histology showed 89.6% sensitivity and 39.1% specificity. For submucosal myomas, sensitivity was 69.2% and specificity 91.3%. In conclusion, ultrasound is not reliable method for definitive diagnosis but it is an excellent orientation method.
The aim of our study was to determine the prevalence of endometrial premalignant and malignant lesions in women undergoing hysteroscopy and to identify anthropologic factors related to the presence ...of malignancy. Data on 3470 women with submucosal myomas or endometrial polyps suspected on ultrasound were retrospectively analyzed. Hysteroscopy was performed in all these women in order to make a more precise diagnosis. Histologic analysis of endometrial samples obtained during hysteroscopy was used to confirm the diagnosis. Statistical analysis was performed using the SPSS 20.0.0 software. The mean age of study women was 49.1±13.3 years. The number of procedures performed due to the referral diagnosis of endometrial or submucosal myoma significantly increased over the 16-year study period. A significantly higher number of women had a benign histopathologic diagnosis. Histologic analysis revealed malignancy in 67 women. The youngest woman and oldest woman with malignant findings was aged 32 and 75, respectively. A significantly higher number of women with atypical hyperplasia and malignancy were in menopause. A comparable number of women with different histologic findings lived in urban and rural areas. There were a significantly larger proportion of widows among women with the histologic diagnosis of atypical hyperplasia or malignancy. The prevalence rate of malignancy in women having undergone hysteroscopy for polyps and myoma found by ultrasound was 1.93%. Postmenopausal status and older age were associated with an increased risk of malignancies, but premalignant changes and malignancies were also found in young and premenopausal women. Therefore, diagnostic hysteroscopy can be recommended in women of all age groups.
Number of reported cases of human dirofilariasis in the last couple of decades has been increasing. Dogs are the main reservoir hosts, while various mosquito species represent/serve as vectors. Human ...infections are caused by two different parasites: Dirofilaria immitis and Dirofilaria repens. Dirofilaria repens is currently considered to be one of the most rapidly-spreading human and animal parasite species in Europe. Clinical features are characterised by subcutaneous or ocular lesions which can persist for months without any symptoms. The disease is considered to be endemic in Mediterranean countries, central Asia, Israel, and Sri Lanka with increased incidence in Central and East Europe. Apart from the local population, tourists are also susceptible to this disease. Export of domestic animals can transfer parasites between different countries. This disease is rare in Croatia.
We are presenting a case of a 58-year-old female patient with dirofilariasis of the genital region caused by Dirofilaria repens, confirmed with PCR and sequencing.
From the clinician point of view, subcutaneous dirofilariasis should be considered as a differential diagnosis in cases of long-lasting subcutaneous swellings.
Over a 25-year period we examined the anthropological characteristics of mothers and their partners, such as the place of living: urban vs. rural, the degree of education, parity, the time of ...menarche, and the frequency of intentional abortions. We examined 2 414 mothers and their partners in four periods of time extending from 1985 to 2009 in order to establish changes in the said anthropological characteristics over a period of 25 years. The degree of education of mothers and their partners is on the rise. In the period from 1985 to 1994, the percentage of mothers from the country was on the rise. Women with less education have on average more children, and those with better education the least children. Women from rural areas have on average more children than women from urban areas. The time of menarche dropped by 9 months over the period of 25 years. Girls from urban areas have their first menstrual cycle earlier. Women with higher professional qualifications had their first period earlier. The number of intentional abortions over the 25-year period dropped.
To investigate the impact of synthetic electrospun polyurethane (PU) and polycaprolactone (PCL) nanoscaffolds, before and after hydrolytic surface modification, on viability and differentiation of ...cultured human eye epithelial cells, in comparison with natural scaffolds: fibrin and human amniotic membrane.
Human placenta was taken at elective cesarean delivery. Fibrin scaffolds were prepared from commercial fibrin glue kits. Nanoscaffolds were fabricated by electrospinning. Limbal cells were isolated from surpluses of human cadaveric cornea and seeded on feeder 3T3 cells. The scaffolds used for viability testing and immunofluorescence analysis were amniotic membrane, fibrin, PU, and PCL nanoscaffolds, with or without prior NaOH treatment.
Scanning electron microscope photographs of all tested scaffolds showed good colony spreading of seeded limbal cells. There was a significant difference in viability performance between cells with highest viability cultured on tissue culture plastic and cells cultured on all other scaffolds. On the other hand, electrospun PU, PCL, and electrospun PCL treated with NaOH had more than 80% of limbal cells positive for stem cell marker p63 compared to only 27%of p63 positive cells on fibrin.
Natural scaffolds, fibrin and amniotic membrane, showed better cell viability than electrospun scaffolds. On the contrary, high percentages of p63 positive cells obtained on these scaffolds still makes them good candidates for efficient delivery systems for therapeutic purposes.
We present two cases of endometrioid adenocarcinoma grade I, FIGO IA (staging according to the International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics) in young women, diagnosed within endometrial ...polyps. Both patients underwent repeated hysteroscopies and multiple biopsies after initial treatment to medroxyprogesterone one 400 mg daily or the insertion of IUD-LND (intrauterine device-levonorgestrel) for three months. In both of them, all histological samples were negative. Both of them decided that they would try to conceive. The first patient conceived spontaneously and the second patient after IVF (in vitro fertilisation) treatment. They both gave birth to full-term infants. Hysterectomy was recommended to both of our patients, and was carried out. Both of the patients fulfilled both Amsterdam II and revised Bethesda criteria for hereditary non-polyposis colorectal cancer (HNPCC).
The most commonly used staging system for cervical cancer is based on the International Federation of Gynaecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) staging system. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has been ...accepted as the optimal tool for evaluation of the main prognostic factors and selection of therapeutic strategy. The purpose of this study was to compare the preoperative clinical examination FIGO staging findings with MRI and postoperative pathology report in females with primary cancer of the cervix. The study prospectively included 46 females consecutively hospitalized at the Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics at the "Sestre milosrdnice" University Hospital Center in Zagreb. Interviews, clinical examination, transvaginal ultrasound and MRI were performed in all patients. In selected patients the surgical procedure was done and the correlation of clinical findings according to FIGO classifications, MRI and histopathological findings was completed. According to FIGO classification, positive clinical findings for stage IIA were found in 26/46 (55.5%) and stage IIB in 20/46 (44.5%)patients. FIGO MR modified classification confirmed stage IIA in 30/46 (66.6%) and stage IIB in 16/46 (33.4%) patients. Surgery (Wertheim radical hysterectomy with bilateral pelvic and selective para-aortic lymphadenectomy) was performed in 33/46 (71%) patients with clinically, MR, cytologically and pathohistologically confirmed findings of cervical cancer: 26 patients with IIA clinically FIGO stage and 7 with IIB stage. MRI examination proved better than clinical examination in staging of cervical carcinoma with 90.9% versus 79.0% accuracy rate. We suggest the application of the following MR protocol in all clinically staged FIGO IIA and IIB patients: T1W, T2WI and postcontrast dynamic T1WI after 3 and 60 seconds and after 5 minutes, performed on 1.5T MR machine.
The consensus about optimal activities of I-131 for thyroid remnant ablation has not yet been achieved. The aim of this study was to compare ablation rates obtained with different I-131 activities.
...The study included 466 patients divided into four groups according to I-131 activities given after total thyroidectomy for papillary thyroid cancer: group A 168 patients who received 888 MBq (24 mCi), group B 125 patients who received 1480 MBq (40 mCi), group C 65 patients who received 1850 MBq (50 mCi), and group D 108 patients who received 4440 MBq (120 mCi). Ablation outcome was assessed by whole-body scan in hypothyroid state 6-9 months after ablation and finally 18-21 months after the treatment.
The rate of successful ablation was similar in the group of patients who received 24 and 40 mCi (75 and 71.2%, respectively). The higher rate of ablation was achieved in the groups treated with 50 and 120 mCi of radioiodine (87.69 and 90.74%, respectively). The ablation rates at the first follow-up examinations (59.5, 67.2, 73.9, 80.6%) were lower than at second control study (75.0, 71.2, 87.7, 90.7%) in all groups. Time required for thyroid remnant ablation seems to be >or=18 months.
Our study indicates that activity of 50 mCi seems to be optimal to achieve a successful ablation rate (approximately 90%). Low I-131 activities are acceptable for lower risk patients because of satisfactory ablation rate (>70%), lower expense, and minimal radiation burden to patients as well as lower radiation exposure to clinical staff. The ablative use of high activities seems neither justified nor optimized.
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