To assess the diagnostic performance of multidetector-row computed tomography (CT) 3-dimensional CT gastrography (3-D CTG) to detect early gastric cancer (EGC) compared with axial CT images alone.
...Contrast-enhanced multidetector-row CT scanning was performed on 39 patients with histopathologically proven EGC. By using volume-rendering technique, CTG images were created and interval reviews of both the axial images without and with 3-D CTG images were performed independently by 2 radiologists retrospectively. The stomach was divided into 4 segments (ie, the cardia or fundus, body, angle, and antrum). For 156 gastric segments, the radiologists determined the presence of the lesion using a 5-point confidence level. The radiologists' performance for the lesion detection was evaluated by means of receiver operating characteristic analysis. Interobserver agreement was also analyzed. The ability of CTG to reveal the extent and the morphological features of the lesions was also evaluated and compared with the results of conventional studies.
Histopathologically, 41 EGCs were identified in 39 patients: 1 lesion was located in the fundus, 16 in the body, 9 in the angle, and 15 in the antrum. When 3-D CTG images were used, the receiver operating characteristic curve (AZ) analysis revealed a significant improvement in the diagnostic performance of both reviewers (AZ using axial CT images only, 0.608 and 0.602 for reviewers 1 and 2, respectively; AZ using CTG images, 0.821 and 0.822 for reviewers 1 and 2, respectively) (P < 0.05). The 3-D CTG also improved the sensitivity from 27% to 73% for reviewer 1 and from 29% to 76% for reviewer 2 (P < 0.05), as compared with the sensitivity when using axial CT images only. In addition, almost perfect agreement was achieved for CTG (weighted kappa, 0.836), whereas there was only moderate agreement for the axial CT images (weighted kappa, 0.445). The CTG provided information similar to that obtained by barium study and endoscopy in 51.6% and 59.5%, respectively, of the cases.
The combined interpretation of axial and 3-D CTG was significantly better for detecting EGC, with a diagnostic confidence higher than that using axial CT imaging alone.
The removal of Cs and Re (as a surrogate for Tc) by selective precipitation from the simulated fission products which were co-dissolved with uranium during the oxidative dissolution of spent fuel in ...a Na.sub.2CO.sub.3-H.sub.2O.sub.2 solution was investigated in this study. The precipitations of Cs and Re were examined by introducing sodium tetraphenylborate (NaTPB) and tetraphenylohosponium chloride (TPPCl), respectively. The precipitation of Cs by NaTPB and that of Re by TPPCl each took place within 5 min, and an increase in temperature up to 50degreesC and a stirring speed up to 1000 rpm hardly affected their precipitation rates. The most important factor in the precipitation with NaTPB and TPPCl was found to be a pH of the solution after precipitation. Since Mo tends to co-precipitate with Cs or Re at a lower pH, an effective precipitation with NaTPB and TPPCl was done at pH of above 9 without the co-precipitation of Mo. More than 99% of Cs and Re were precipitated when the initial concentration ratio of NaTPB to Cs was above 1 and when that of TPPCl to Re was above 1. The precipitation of Cs and Re was never affected by the concentration of and H.sub.2O.sub.2, even though they were raised up to 1.5 and 1.0 M, respectively. Precipitation yields of Cs and Re in a Na.sub.2CO.sub.3-H.sub.2O.sub.2 solution were found to be dependent on the concentration ratios of NaTBP/Cs and TPPCl/Re. Keywords Selective precipitation * Cs * Tc * Re * NaTPB * TPPCl * Carbonate solution * Solubility
This study evaluated if the selected samples meets the Solid Refuse Fuel quality criteria in Korea. Biomass and plastic wastes generated in D City were mixed in diverse ratio. When the biomass ...content was about 40%, the moisture content was close to the SRF criteria and was measured to be 9.8%. The ash contents were analyzed up to 4.19%, and the lower calorific values based on Steuer, Dulong Equation and Bomb Calorimeter were at least 4,851, 4,181 and 3,847 kcal/kg, respectively. As a result of the elemental analysis, sulfur and chloride content were measured up to 0.05%. Those values satisfied the SRF criteria. Also, heavy metals(Hg, Cd, Pb, As) were analyzed to be below the SRF criteria. This makes it possible to use efficiently the wood byproducts abandoned in the woods, and the physical properties of wood being weak to moisture can be supplemented with plastics. Consequently, if plastic and biomass were well mixed and made into SRF, it would overcome the problem of shortening the life span of incineration facilities due to the high temperature of plastic wastes in the incinerator. 본 연구에서는 D시 내의 바이오매스와 폐플라스틱을 적정 비율로 혼합하여 고형연료제품(SRF) 품질기준을 만족하는지 분석하기로 하였다. 수분함량의 경우 바이오매스 구성비가 약 40% 이하일 때부터 9.81% 이하로 분석되었다. 회분함량의 경우 최대 4.19%로 분석되었고, 원소분석 추정식(Steuer, Dulong) 및 발열량계에 근거한 저위발열량은 최소 4,851, 4,181 및 3,847kcal/kg로 나타났다. 원소분석 결과 황(S)과 염소(Cl)는 0.05% 이하로 측정되었고 중금속(Hg, Cd, Pb, As) 함량 또한 기준치 이하를 나타냄으로써 SRF 품질기준치를 만족하였다. 이러한 결과를 바탕으로, 현재 적절하게 활용되지 못하고 산림에 버려져 있는 임목부산물을 효율적으로 사용할 수 있을 뿐만 아니라 수분에 약한 목재의 물리적 특성을 플라스틱으로 보완할 수 있을 것으로 사료된다. 또한 플라스틱 소각 시 고온으로 인한 소각로의 수명문제도 비교적 완화시킬 수 있을 것으로 판단하였다.
Purpose: This study aimed to analyze the effect of screening by using endoscopy on the diagnosis and treatment of gastric cancer. Materials and Methods: The clinicopathologic characteristics of ...gastric cancer were compared in individuals who underwent an endoscopy because of symptoms (non-screening group) or for screening purposes (screening group). The distributions of gastric cancer stages and treatment modalities in 2006 and 2011 were compared. Results: The proportion of patients in the screening group increased from 45.1% in 2006 to 65.4% in 2011 (P<0.001). The proportion of stage I cancers in the entire patient sample also increased (from 60.5% in 2006 to 70.6% in 2011; P=0.029). In 2011, the percentages of patients with cancer stages I, II, III, and IV were 79.9%, 8.2%, 10.9%, and 1.1%, respectively, in the screening group, and 47.9%, 10.8%, 29.8%, and 11.5%, respectively, in the non-screening group. The proportion of laparoscopic and robotic surgeries increased from 9.6% in 2006 to 48.3% in 2011 (P<0.001), and endoscopic submucosal dissection increased from 9.8% in 2006 to 19.1% 2011 (P<0.001). Conclusions: The proportion of patients diagnosed with gastric cancer by using the screening program increased between 2006 and 2011. This increase was associated with a high proportion of early-stage cancer diagnoses and increased use of minimally invasive treatments.
In this paper, novel reversal method is proposed to estimate the straightness errors (horizontal/vertical) and angular errors (pitch/yaw) of a linear axis using two capacitive sensors and a ...measurement target. These errors are estimated using the data of capacitive sensors including the standard uncertainty of sensors, itself. So the standard uncertainty of sensors would adversely affect the standard uncertainty of estimated geometric errors. It is affected by the relative position between reference coordinate system and sensors because of Abbe's error. To solve this problem, proposed reversal method optimizes the relative position between reference coordinate system and sensors for minimum standard uncertainty of estimated geometric errors. The estimated geometric errors using proposed method is compared with the measured data using the laser interferometer. In the difference of these data, the maximum deviations of straightness errors are within 1 micrometer, 1.5 the arcsec for angular errors respectively. This difference value is resolution level of machine tool used at experiment, so the proposed reversal method reveals the validity.
A feasibility and basic study to find a possibility to develop such a process for recovering U alone from spent fuel by using the methods of an oxidative leaching and a precipitation of U in high ...alkaline carbonate media was newly suggested with the characteristics of a highly enhanced proliferation-resistance and more environmental friendliness. This study has focused on the examination of an oxidative leaching of uranium from SIMFUEL powders contained 16 elements (U, Ce, Gd, La, Nd, Pr, Sm, Eu, Y, Mo, Pd, Ru, Zr, Ba, Sr, and Te) using a Na.sub.2CO.sub.3 solution with hydrogen peroxide. U.sub.3O.sub.8 was dissolved more rapidly than UO.sub.2 in a carbonate solution. However, in the presence of H.sub.2O.sub.2, we can find out that the leaching rates of the reduced SIMFUEL powder are faster than the oxidized SIMFUEL powder. In carbonate solutions with hydrogen peroxide, uranium oxides were dissolved in the form of uranyl peroxo-carbonato complexes. UO.sub.2(O.sub.2).sub.x(CO.sub.3).sub.y.sup.2-2x-2y, where x/y has 1/2, 2/1. Keywords Oxidative leaching * Uranyl peroxo-carbonato complex * Hydrogen peroxide * Simulated nuclear fuel
The murine anti-bombesin monoclonal antibody, 2A11, has been demonstrated to inhibit growth of some small-cell lung cancer (SCLC) cells in nude mice xenografts and in a clinical trial. To determine ...if the expression of bombesin-like peptides (BLP) and their receptors (GRP-R and NMB-R) correlate with an in vitro response to 2A11, we measured these parameters in seven SCLC cell lines. Gastrin releasing peptide (GRP) mRNA was detected in three of seven cell lines (NCI-H69, NCI-H345, NCI-H510) and neuromedin B (NMB) mRNA was detected in all seven lines using an RNase protection assay (RPA). Immunoreactive BLP was detected in the cell pellets of all lines (range 0.11–59.90 pmol/mg protein) by a solid phase GRP radioimmunoassay (RIA) using
125I-labeled 2A11. RPA detected GRP-receptor mRNA in two cell lines (NCI-H69 and NCI-H345) and NMB-receptor in three lines (NCI-H345, NCI-H510, and NCI-H660). Reverse transcriptase–PCR confirmed the presence of receptor mRNA in these lines and detected NMB-receptor in an additional three lines (NCI-H69, NCI-H82, and NCI-H187). Calcium mobilization in response to BLP stimulation was detected in the six cell lines expressing either GRP-R or NMB-R mRNA but not in NCI-N417, which had no detectable BLP-receptor. 2A11 (5
μg/ml) inhibited colony formation by 26–61% after 2 weeks in all cell lines except NCI-N417. Thus, growth inhibition by 2A11 requires the presence of at least one BLP-receptor. These findings may be useful in selecting patients with SCLC for treatment with 2A11.
Small cell lung cancer cell (SCLC) lines, NCI-H82, NCI-H660, and NCI-H1284, and HeLa cells were analyzed for the presence of atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) receptors. In these SCLC cell lines and ...HeLa cells, ANP A receptor mRNA was identified by Southern blot analyses of polymerase chain reaction products and RNase protection assays using poly(A)(+)-selected RNA. Saturable binding assays revealed that HeLa cells had 2000 to 5000 high affinity atrial natriuretic peptide receptors per cell with a dissociation constant of 140 pM. In the SCLC cell lines, the binding was saturable but too low to accurately estimate the number of binding sites. After addition of human ANP, radioimmunoassays revealed accumulation of cyclic GMP in SCLC cells as well as HeLa cells in a dose-dependent fashion. The half-maximal stimulation concentration of cyclic GMP accumulation in HeLa and these SCLC cell lines was approximately 2 nM. Tetrazolyl blue assays and tritiated thymidine incorporation did not show any remarkable growth inhibition or growth stimulation of SCLC cell lines after addition of human ANP up to 3.3 microM, more than 1000-fold greater than the half-maximal stimulation concentration of cyclic GMP accumulation. Our results indicate that human SCLC cells express functional ANP receptors but ANP addition produced no detectable change in their growth pattern.
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