ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to examine the effect of the increasing levels of inclusion of palm kernel cake (PKC) in the diet on the performance of feedlot heifers. Forty-eight Nelore ...heifers with an initial weight of 274 ± 4.58 kg, at 24 months of age, were confined for 98 days in a feedlot. The animals were allocated to the four treatments in a completely randomized design. Treatments consisted of PKC levels of 0 (control), 10, 20, and 30% in the total dry matter of the diet. The roughage:concentrate ratio in the diets was 30:70. Ether extract intake increased, whereas the intakes of non-fiber carbohydrates and total digestible nutrients decreased with the inclusion of PKC. The apparent digestibility of all nutrients decreased, as well as the amounts of nitrogen digested and retained. Microbial protein synthesis and its efficiency also declined. The inclusion of up to 20% PKC increased feeding time and reduced rumination time of heifers. Intake and rumination efficiencies decreased with the inclusion of PKC in the diet. Final weight and average daily gain did not change, but feed efficiency increased with the inclusion of PKC. The inclusion of up to 30% PKC in the diet of feedlot heifers is recommended.
The objective of this work was to evaluate the non-carcass components of crossbred Santa Inês lambs finished in feedlot with the inclusion of different levels of red propolis extract (RPE). ...Thirty-five crossbred lambs were used with an average weight of 17.08 ± 2.36 kg and mean age of five months, distributed in a completely randomized design with five treatments and seven replications. The treatments evaluated were: 0; 7; 14 and 21 mL of extract/animal/day Before slaughter, each animal was individually weighed to obtain the body weight at slaughter (BWS). The weights and yields of non-carcass components were evaluated, weights and yields of regional dishes (Buchada and Panelada). The addition of different levels of red propolis extract (RPE) did not influence (p > 0.05) the weights and yields of non-carcass components, by-products and adipose deposits, to the weight and yield of regional dishes. The use of red propolis extract in diets up to the level studied (28 mL day-1) did not change the characteristics evaluated.
The use of agroindustrial byproducts in cattle diets, such as castor-bean (Ricinus communis L.) meal, is a more sustainable practice because it does not compete with human food and reduces the volume ...of organic waste deposited in the environment. The aim of this study was to examine the effect of replacing soybean {Glycine max (L.) Merr.) meal with castor-bean meal on the intake, digestibility, feeding behavior and performance of crossbred steers supplemented while on Urochloa brizantha (Hochst. ex A. Rich.) R.D. Webster 'Marandu' pasture. The experiment was laid out in a randomized complete design with 40 animals, which started the experiment weighing 227.1 kg, at 10 mo of age, and were divided into four treatment groups. Castor-bean meal was added to replace soybean meal at the levels of 0, 90, 180, and 280 g kg.sup.1 in the supplement, which was supplied at the rate of 0.4% of body weight. Total DM, pasture DM and neutral detergent fiber intakes did not change (P > 0.05) with the castor-bean levels added to the supplement. Ether extract intake and digestibility decreased linearly (P < 0.05). The animals showed no differences (P > 0.05) in production performance (average daily gain), which averaged 0.65 kg d.sup.1 Grazing, idle, and rumination times were not influenced (P > 0.05) by the treatments. Castor-bean meal can be included up to 280 g kg.sup.1 in the total diet without changing the performance of crossbred steers finished on tropical pasture. Key words: Beef cattle, biodiesel by-product, steers performance, Ricinus communis, Urochloa brizantha.
Effect of refused melon fruit inclusion on sorghum ensilage Oliveira, Palloma Vitoria Carlos de; Pinedo, Lerner Arevalo; Assis, Liz Carolina da Silva Lagos Cortes ...
Chilean journal of agricultural research,
02/2023, Volume:
83, Issue:
1
Journal Article
Open access
Ensilage of refused fruit with forage is a viable approach to increase resource use in ruminant feed. The use of refused melon (Cucumis melo L. subsp. melo var. inodorus H. Jacq.) fruit (RMF), ...ensiled at 0%, 2%, 4%, 6%, or 8% of natural matter with sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench), was assessed in terms of chemicalbromatological composition and fermentative profile. Experimental silos filled with mixtures and hermetically sealed were used. After 34 d of fermentation, the silos were opened, and samples were analyzed. Dry matter concentration shows a quadratic increase (P < 0.05) with RMF inclusion in sorghum silage rising from 30.83% to 32.08% at 4% of RMF inclusion, followed by a reduction in the subsequent levels. There was a linear increase (P < 0.05) in ether extract, total digestible nutrients, digestible energy, metabolizable energy, and in vitro digestibility of DM and organic matter, increasing respectively 3.96%, 5.32%, 0.25 Mcal kg.sup.-1, 0.19 Mcal kg.sup.-1, 1.89% and 0.74% from 0% to 8% of RMF inclusion. There was a linear reduction (P < 0.05) of neutral detergent fiber, cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin with RMF inclusion. We also observed a linear increase (P < 0.05) in ammoniacal N, acetic acid, propionic acid, butyric acid, and lactic acid concentrations in silage with the addition of RMF. The inclusion of RMF improved the chemical-bromatological composition and fermentative profile of sorghum silage, and an inclusion level of 8% is recommended. Key words: Cucumis melo subsp. melo var. inodorus, dry matter loss, fermentative profile, mixed silage, sorghum, Sorghum bicolor.
This study aimed to evaluate the microbiological and cellular milk profile for the diagnosis of subclinical mastitis in female buffaloes and to assess risk factors for predisposition of the disease.
...Analyses were carried out by standard plate count (SPC), identification of species and antibiotic resistance, somatic cell count (SCC), electrical electrical conductivity of milk (ECM), and lactoferrin content in milk. Teat cups were swabbed to evaluate risk factors, observing hyperkeratosis, milking vacuum pressure and cleanliness of the site. Hence, 30 female buffaloes were randomly selected (15 from a group in early lactation and 15 in late lactation).
The most common bacteria in the microbiological examination were
spp.,
spp. and
sp. In the antibiotic sensitivity test, 10 (58.82%) of the 17 antibiotics tested were sensitive to all isolates, and resistant bacteria were
,
,
, and
. It was observed that positive samples in the microbiological examination showed total bacterial count between 9.10×10
to 6.94×10
colony forming units/mL, SCC between 42,000 to 4,320,000 cells/mL and ECM ranging from 1.85 to 7.40 mS/cm. It was also found that the teat cups had high microbial counts indicating poor hygiene, and even faults in the cleanliness of the animals' waiting room were observed. It is concluded that values of SCC above 537,000 cells/mL and ECM above 3.0 mS/mL are indications of mammary gland infection for this herd; however, the association of these values with a microbiological analysis is necessary to more accurately evaluate the health status of mammary glands with subclinical mastitis.
Through phenotypic characterization of bacteria involved in the samples, the genera
spp.,
spp., and
were the most prevalent in this study. Faults in environment and equipment hygienization are factors that are directly associated with mastitis.
Objetivou-se avaliar os efeitos da inclusão de glicerina bruta sobre a morfologia testicular de touros Nelore. Para isso, foram utilizados 35 bovinos com peso corporal inicial de 428,0 ± 32,11 kg e ...aproximadamente 22 meses, distribuídos em delineamento inteiramente casualizado, com cinco tratamentos e sete repetições, suplementados durante 88 dias, com 14 dias de adaptação. Os tratamentos consistiram na inclusão de glicerina de baixa pureza nos níveis de 0, 3, 6, 9 e 12% da matéria seca total dos suplementos. Foi realizado uma coleta de sêmen no 88º dia experimental, posteriormente os animais foram pesados, abatidos e tiveram os testículos coletados, pesados e amostrados. A inclusão da glicerina bruta influenciou a motilidade e o vigor espermático (P<0,05). O peso corporal ao abate e perímetro escrotal não foram influenciados (P>0,05) pelos níveis de glicerina. Observou-se comportamento quadrático (P<0,05) para o índice Leydigossomático, com ponto de mínima de 6,66% e para a proporção volumétrica das células de Leydig (CL), com ponto de mínima de 5,41%. Não foram observadas alterações histopatológicas testiculares nos bovinos. A glicerina de baixa pureza promove modificações na motilidade e vigor espermático, no índice leydigossomático e no volume das células de Leydig. Portanto, não se recomenda a adição de glicerina bruta no suplemento de touros em atividade reprodutiva.
Abstract The objective of this study was to correlate the gender and behavior of consumers of organic foods enriched with functional properties. The study was carried out by investigating the profile ...of organic and functional food consumers through the application of a questionnaire. A total of 1230 responses (of the questionnaire) were collected from people from all Brazilian states through social networks and e-mails following the snowball technique during the months of February and March 2017. The results showed that women expressed greater interest in consuming organic foods enriched with functional properties compared to men. Men and women agree that organic food are produced in a sustainable. Their high price, difficult access, irregular supply and availability in few establishments were highlighted as the main limiting factors for not consuming organic food, while an increased motivation (of consumption) was related to the awareness that organic foods are healthier and can improve quality of life. Fruits and vegetables are the most consumed organic foods among men and women, however women consume more functional foods than men. Thus, there are few differences in behavior and eating habits of organic foods between men and women.
The aim of this study was to evaluate the replacement of Tifton 85 hay (Cynodon spp.) by maniçoba hay or silage (Manihot glaziovii Muell. Arg) on sheep intake and performance. Twenty-four male Santa ...Ines animals were used, with initial body weight of 19.77 ± 1.95 kg and average age of 160 days. The animals were distributed in three treatments (Tifton 85 hay-TH, Maniçoba hay-MH and Maniçoba silage-MS), arranged in a randomized blocks design, with 8 replicates per treatment. The feedlot period lasted for 71 days. The means of the variables were tested by Tukey’s test at 5% probability. Sheep fed MH presented higher dry matter intake (p > 0.05) than those fed TH (1.17 kg day-1 vs 1.06 kg day-1). Neutral detergent fiber intake was higher (p > 0.05) for MH-fed sheep (0.394 kg day-1) when compared to MS (0.340 kg day-1). The digestibility of total carbohydrates was higher (p > 0.05) for MH diet (0.71 g kg-1) than TH (0.67 g kg-1). The average daily gain and body weight at slaughter did not differ (p > 0.05) among treatments. Maniçoba hay or silage can replace Tifton 85 hay in sheep diets.
Goats fed with 250 g/kg of cactus do not need drink water Moreno, Greicy Mitzi Bezerra; Aráujo, Gherman Garcia Leal de; Almeida, Vitor Visintin Silva de ...
Journal of arid environments,
June 2024, 2024-06-00, Volume:
222
Journal Article
Peer reviewed
The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of two spineless cactus (Nopalea cochenillifera) levels (250 g/kg or 550 g/kg) as an exclusive source of water on the performance, serum ...biochemistry, blood count, ingestive behaviour, carcass characteristics and non-carcass components of confined goats. Forty Anglo-Nubian castrated male goats were used, housed in individual pens and distributed in a 2 × 2 + 1 factorial design of spineless cactus factor (250 g/kg or 550 g/kg of spineless cactus in the dry matter of the diet) and water factor (with or without access to drinking water) and control diet (without spineless cactus and with access to drinking water). The restriction on drinking water did not influence (P > 0.05) the average daily gain, carcass weight or serum biochemistry of the goats. The inclusion of spineless cactus increased (P < 0.05) the average daily gain, body weight at slaughter and carcass weight of the goats and reduced (P < 0.05) animal drinking water intake. Goats fed 250 g/kg of spineless cactus in their diet chewed more (P < 0.05), drank more water (P < 0.05) and had greater gastrointestinal tract contents (P < 0.05) than goats fed 550 g/kg of spineless cactus in the diet. Spineless cactus from 250 g/kg can be used as an exclusive source of water in the diets of confined goats.
•Spineless cactus was tested as an exclusive source of water for goats.•Including 250 g/kg of spineless cactus can be used as an exclusive source of water.•Drinking water deprivation does not interfere with goat performance.•We recommend including 250 g/kg of spineless cactus in confined goats' diets.
•Detoxified castor bean meal (DCM) was tested as a sugarcane silage (SCS) additive.•Including 20 % DCM increased the nutritional value of SCS for sheep.•Including 20 % DCM in the SCS improved serum ...glucose and magnesium.•Ruminal ammonia nitrogen decreased with DCM inclusion in the SCS.•Including DCM in the SCS did not influence water balance.
This study aimed to evaluate the effect of including detoxified castor bean meal (DCM) in sugarcane ensilage (SCE) on nutrient metabolism, water balance, ruminal parameters and serum biochemistry of sheep. We used five intact male Santa Inês sheep, with 31.02 ± 2.71 kg, housed in metabolic cages receiving treatment diets with 0 (control), 5, 10, 15, and 20 % as fed DCM in SCE. The animals were evaluated for 85 days, divided into five experimental periods. The intake of dry matter (DM), crude protein (CP), neutral detergent insoluble fibre (NDF) and non-fibrous carbohydrates (NFC) increased (P<0.05), while the apparent digestibility of DM, CP, and NDF decreased (P<0.05) with the inclusion of DCM in the SCE. Ruminal ammonia nitrogen decreased (P<0.05) while serum glucose and magnesium increased (P<0.05) with DCM inclusion in the SCE. Including DCM in the SCE did not influence (P>0.05) water balance. The intake and rumination efficiencies increased (P<0.05) with the inclusion of DCM in the SCE. We recommend the inclusion of up to 20 % DCM in the SCE for use in the diet of sheep.
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