The relationship between hyperglycemia (including diabetes) and periodontal disease (PD) has been noted previously, but its temporal sequence in the same study based on a population-based study has ...been barely addressed. Our study sought to clarify temporal bidirectional relationships between both diseases among Taiwanese aged 35–44 years. A prospective follow-up cohort study was designed by following over time the two normal cohorts (PD-free or hyperglycemia-free) derived from 5,885 subjects aged 35–44 years who were periodically attending a screening program. We ascertained both incident cases of PD (defined by Community Periodontal Index score ≧ 3) and hyperglycemia fasting plasma glucose (FPG) ≧100 mg/dL or type 2 diabetes (FPG ≧ 126 mg/dL) with 5-year follow-up. Cox proportional hazards regression model was used to assess the effect of PD on hyperglycemia and vice versa with adjustment for other confounding factors. Participants with PD presented a 33 % increase in their risk of incident hyperglycemia (including diabetes) adjusted hazard ratio (aHR) = 1.33 (95 % CI 1.09–1.63) after controlling for potential confounding factors. Conversely, prediabetes and type 2 diabetes mellitus led to a significant elevated risk for PD aHR = 1.25 (95 % CI 1.00–1.57) and aHR = 1.95 (95 % CI 1.22–3.13) after adjustment for other confounding factors. In conclusion, a significant bidirectional relationships was found between hyperglycemia and PD, suggesting that both diseases may share common latent traits and pathways that are worthy of being further elucidated by continuing a long-term follow-up of this cohort.
Yeh H‐C, Lai H. Association between patients' chief complaints and their compliance with periodontal therapy. J Clin Periodontol 2011; 38: 449–456. doi: 10.1111/j.1600‐051X.2011.01711.x.
Aim: To ...evaluate the association between patients' chief complaints (CCs) and their compliance with basic periodontal therapy.
Materials and Methods: Data on CCs and periodontal diseases were obtained from patients attending a periodontal clinic. Patient compliance with basic periodontal therapy was studied in relation to their CCs.
Results: The mean age of the 1196 subjects was 47.7±11.6 years. Among them, 36.9% of the subjects had chronic symptomatic CCs; 22.4%, acute symptomatic CCs; and 40.7%, asymptomatic CCs. Four hundred eighty subjects completed basic periodontal therapy; 209, incomplete treatment; and 507, no treatment. The subjects with acute symptomatic CCs were 60% more likely to receive periodontal treatment odds ratio (OR)=1.661; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.203–2.293 than chronic symptomatic subjects, as did the asymptomatic subjects (OR=1.669; 95% CI: 1.252–2.223). However, subjects with acute symptomatic CCs were 60% less likely to complete periodontal treatment (OR=0.420; 95% CI: 0.267–0.660). The OR of completing treatment for the copayment requirement was 1.944, while that for being treated by an experienced periodontist was 1.695.
Conclusions: Patients' CCs were associated with their compliance to basic periodontal therapy. Acute symptomatic CCs may be a positive predictor to initiate periodontal treatment but a negative predictor to complete the treatment.
Aim: We investigated the association between type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and periodontal disease (PD) in the context of the current periodontal aetiology model.
Material and Methods: In total, ...14,747 community residents aged 35–44 years were invited to a community‐based PD survey between 2003 and 2006 using the community periodontal index. Significant factors modifying the association between T2DM and PD were ascertained. We further assessed the association between T2DM and the risk for PD, within strata of significant effect modifiers, after controlling for other putative factors.
Results: The prevalence rate was 10% higher in subjects with T2DM than in those without. After controlling for significant factors, T2DM was positively associated with the risk for PD (adjusted odds ratio=1.34,95% confidence interval: 1.07–1.74). The results of interaction assessment showed that only the waist was identified as a statistically significant effect modifier for such a positive association.
Conclusions: The association between T2DM and the risk for PD among young adult was demonstrated. This finding, together with other aetiological factors, fit with the current hypothesized model of the aetiology of periodontitis. However, the effect of T2DM modified by waist measurement should be verified in future studies.
Aims: To estimate the prevalence and severity of periodontal disease (PD) in the Taiwanese population aged 35–44 years and to investigate the association between demographic factors and PD.
Materials ...and Methods: Between 2003 and 2005, residents of Keelung of the appropriate age were invited to screening. The community periodontal index (CPI) and loss of attachment (LA) index were used to measure the periodontal status at subject (prevalence) and sextant levels (severity). Basic demographic information was also collected by a questionnaire.
Results: Of 8462 enrollees, 94.8% had some signs of PD, of whom 29.7% had periodontal pockets >3 mm and 35% LA >3 mm. Calculus was the most common problem in terms of both prevalence (49.6%) and severity (affecting an average of 3.0 sextants per person). Risk factors for poor periodontal status (as measured by CPI) were older age (odds ratio, OR: 1.44), male gender (OR: 2.70), low education level (OR: 1.40), and being a manual worker (OR: 1.51). Similar findings were observed for LA.
Conclusion: The prevalence of PD in 35–44‐year‐olds was found to be high in this large community‐based study of screening for PD with CPI and LA. Poorer periodontal health was observed in males, the less educated, and manual workers.
Copper (Cu)-transporting P-type ATPase (CTPA) genes have been documented to play an important role in resistance to heavy metals. However, our understanding of roles of CTPA genes of the filamentous ...fungi was based only on sequence similarity prediction before. In a previous study, we isolated a
Penicillum janthinellum
strain GXCR of higher tolerance to Cu (200 mM). In this study, we cloned the partial cDNA of CTPA gene, named
PcpA
, from the strain GXCR. Sequence alignment indicated that the cloned cDNA sequence has the highest identity (94.4%) with a predictive CTPA gene of
Aspergillus clavatus
. The
PcpA
-encoded protein, termed PcpA, has classical functional domains of CTPAs, and shows differences from reported CTPAs in some specific sequence motifs and transmembrane regions. Expression of the
PcpA
was induced by extracellular Cu, cadmium (Cd), and silver (Ag).
PcpA
RNA interference (RNAi) mutants with a reduced level of
PcpA
mRNA were more sensitive to Cu, iron, Cd, and Ag than the wild-type (WT) strain GXCR. When grown in the presence of Cu, iron, and Cd, intracellular Cu and iron contents in the
PcpA
RNAi mutant were significantly (
P
<0.05) lower than those in the WT; However, intracellular Cd content in the mutant was significantly (
P
<0.05) higher than that in the WT. Taken together, it can be concluded that the
PcpA
functions in Cu uptake and homeostasis, iron uptake, and Cd export from the cytosol to the extracytosol.
Metal accumulation in tobacco may have negative environmental and health impacts. The concentrations of arsenic, cadmium, and lead were determined in 300 tobacco plants by inductively coupled ...plasma-mass spectrometry. The plant-available concentrations of metals in the soil were measured. The metal concentrations in tobacco leaves were dependent on the variety of plant. The concentrations of arsenic and lead in leaves decreased in higher positions compared to lower locations, whereas cadmium showed the opposite trend. The accumulation of metals in leaves increased with the concentrations of plant-available and total metals in the soil. The leaf concentrations were also affected by the soil pH, electrical conductivity, and organic matter.
Objective
To evaluate the effect of the periodontal primary care (PPC) on the improvement of periodontal probing depth based on a periodontist's 30‐year practice.
Materials and Methods
We enrolled a ...total of 2,894 patients who underwent periodontal basic treatment between 1987 and 2017 with 84.5% retention rate. The study population was composed of 80% (n = 1,946) of retained patients with complete re‐evaluation up to five‐year follow‐up. The outcome was measured by the improvement of probing depths (graded as 1:1–3 mm; 2:4–6 mm; 3: ≥7 mm) before and after PPC on both sextant and patient levels. Whether a better improvement was seen in the surgical group and the non‐smoker group opposed to their comparators was assessed with various multi‐variable regression models.
Results
On patient (sextant) level, 82% (38%) improved, 13% (59%) unchanged, and 5% (3%) deteriorated. Adjusted better improvement of probing depth was noted for the surgical group by 63% and non‐smoker by 31% compared with their counterparts. The similar findings were found for the outcomes based on continuous probing depth scores.
Conclusions
We demonstrate the improvement of probing depth scores with a periodontal primary care offered for the retained patients and larger effect for the surgical group and non‐smoker patients.
