Abstract
We describe the spectroscopic data processing pipeline of the Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument (DESI), which is conducting a redshift survey of about 40 million galaxies and quasars ...using a purpose-built instrument on the 4 m Mayall Telescope at Kitt Peak National Observatory. The main goal of DESI is to measure with unprecedented precision the expansion history of the universe with the baryon acoustic oscillation technique and the growth rate of structure with redshift space distortions. Ten spectrographs with three cameras each disperse the light from 5000 fibers onto 30 CCDs, covering the near-UV to near-infrared (3600–9800 Å) with a spectral resolution ranging from 2000 to 5000. The DESI data pipeline generates wavelength- and flux-calibrated spectra of all the targets, along with spectroscopic classifications and redshift measurements. Fully processed data from each night are typically available to the DESI collaboration the following morning. We give details about the pipeline’s algorithms, and provide performance results on the stability of the optics, the quality of the sky background subtraction, and the precision and accuracy of the instrumental calibration. This pipeline has been used to process the DESI Survey Validation data set, and has exceeded the project’s requirements for redshift performance, with high efficiency and a purity greater than 99% for all target classes.
Several histologic grading systems have been validated in soft tissue sarcomas (STS), but no system is currently accepted worldwide. The National Cancer Institute (NCI) and French Federation of ...Cancer Centers Sarcoma Group (FNCLCC) systems were examined comparatively in the same population of patients with STS to determine which system is the best prognosticator with regard to metastasis development and tumor mortality.
Four hundred ten adult patients with nonmetastatic STS were examined. Histologic grade was established according to the NCI and FNCLCC systems in each case. The prognostic value of both systems was examined using univariate and multivariate (Cox's model) analyses, and special attention was devoted to tumors with discordant grades.
In univariate analysis, both the NCI and FNCLCC systems were of prognostic value to predict metastasis development and tumor mortality. In multivariate analysis, high-grade tumors, irrespective of the system used, size > or = 10 cm, and deep location were found to be independent prognostic factors for the advent of metastases. Tumor grade had a higher predictive value than size or depth, and higher prognostic weight was assigned to the FNCLCC grading system in Cox models. Grade discrepancies were observed in 34.6% of the cases. An increased number of grade 3 STS, a reduced number of grade 2 STS, and a better correlation with overall and metastasis-free survival within subpopulations with discordant grades were observed in favor of the FNCLCC system.
The FNCLCC system showed slightly increased ability to predict distant metastasis development and tumor mortality. The use of this system to evaluate STS aggressiveness might be favored.
Abstract Type Ia supernovae are the most direct cosmological probe to study dark energy in the recent Universe, for which the photometric calibration of astronomical instruments remains one major ...source of systematic uncertainties. To address this, recent advancements introduce collimated beam projectors (CBPs), aiming to enhance calibration by precisely measuring a telescope’s throughput as a function of wavelength. This work describes the performance of a prototype portable CBP. The experimental set-up consists of a broad-band Xenon light source replacing a more customary but much more demanding high-power laser source, coupled with a monochromator emitting light inside an integrating sphere monitored with a photodiode and a spectrograph. Light is injected at the focus of the CBP telescope projecting a collimated beam onto a solar cell whose quantum efficiency has been obtained by comparison with a NIST-calibrated photodiode. The throughput and signal-to-noise ratio achieved by comparing the photocurrent signal in the CBP photodiode with the one in the solar cell are computed. We prove that the prototype, in its current state of development, is capable of achieving 1.2 per cent and 2.3 per cent precision on the integrated g and r bands of the Zwicky Transient Facility photometric filter system, respectively, in a reasonable amount of integration time. Central wavelength determination accuracy is kept below ∼0.91 and ∼0.58 nm for g and r bands, respectively. The expected photometric uncertainty caused by filter throughput measurement is approximately 5 mmag on the zero-point magnitude. Several straightforward improvement paths are discussed to upgrade the current set-up.
The effect of H2 staging for Fischer-Tropsch synthesis over a 20 wt% Co/SiO2 catalyst in a 200 μL wall-coated channel microreactor was investigated. Some pre-experimental modeling was developed from ...a modified pseudo-homogeneous 1D reactor model using a pre-established rate form for CO consumption. The predicted CO conversion levels attained for various discrete staging policies were investigated and the results were used as a pre-selection tool. It was used to design a H2 staged reactor with 3 equally spaced injection ports. The experimental set-up was used to get conversion and product distribution data for various H2 distribution policies. The experimental conversions were in good agreement with the modeling. The tuning of H2 flow pattern over the 3 ports lowered the CO conversion and increased mainly C5-C9 selectivity. Once combined, these effects allowed to half the C1-4 yield without dramatically reducing the overall C5+ yield allowing a smarter use of H2. A non uniform increasing staging policy gave the best product distribution for C5+ increased production at 0.1 MPa and 180 °C.
We present Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument (DESI) observations of the inner halo of M31, which reveal the kinematics of a recent merger—a galactic immigration event—in exquisite detail. Of the ...11,416 sources studied in 3.75 hr of on-sky exposure time, 7438 are M31 sources with well-measured radial velocities. The observations reveal intricate coherent kinematic structure in the positions and velocities of individual stars: streams, wedges, and chevrons. While hints of coherent structures have been previously detected in M31, this is the first time they have been seen with such detail and clarity in a galaxy beyond the Milky Way. We find clear kinematic evidence for shell structures in the Giant Stellar Stream, the Northeast Shelf, and Western Shelf regions. The kinematics are remarkably similar to the predictions of dynamical models constructed to explain the spatial morphology of the inner halo. The results are consistent with the interpretation that much of the substructure in the inner halo of M31 is produced by a single galactic immigration event 1–2 Gyr ago. Significant numbers of metal-rich stars (Fe/H > − 0.5) are present in all of the detected substructures, suggesting that the immigrating galaxy had an extended star formation history. We also investigate the ability of the shells and Giant Stellar Stream to constrain the gravitational potential of M31, and estimate the mass within a projected radius of 125 kpc to be (log10) (MNEW) (<125 kpc)/(Mꙩ) =(11.80+0.12 −0.10 ). The results herald a new era in our ability to study stars on a galactic scale and the immigration histories of galaxies.
Rivers are known to be major contributors to eutrophication in marine coastal waters, but little is known on the short-term impact of freshwater surges on the structure and functioning of the marine ...plankton community. The effect of adding river water, reducing the salinity by 15 and 30%, on an autumn plankton community in a Mediterranean coastal lagoon (Thau Lagoon, France) was determined during a 6-day mesocosm experiment. Adding river water brought not only nutrients but also chlorophyceans that did not survive in the brackish mesocosm waters. The addition of water led to initial increases (days 1–2) in bacterial production as well as increases in the abundances of bacterioplankton and picoeukaryotes. After day 3, the increases were more significant for diatoms and dinoflagellates that were already present in the Thau Lagoon water (mainly Pseudo-nitzschia spp. group delicatissima and Prorocentrum triestinum) and other larger organisms (tintinnids, rotifers). At the same time, the abundances of bacterioplankton, cyanobacteria, and picoeukaryote fell, some nutrients (NH₄⁺, SiO 4₄³⁻) returned to pre-input levels, and the plankton structure moved from a trophic food web based on secondary production to the accumulation of primary producers in the mesocosms with added river water. Our results also show that, after freshwater inputs, there is rapid emergence of plankton species that are potentially harmful to living organisms. This suggests that flash flood events may lead to sanitary issues, other than pathogens, in exploited marine areas.
(contexte de la recherche) Les allergies IgE médiées aux héparines sont exceptionnelles, peu de cas sont rapportés dans la littérature 1.
Nous rapportons ici un cas rare d’anaphylaxie à une HNF sans ...allergie aux viandes associée.
Un patient de 86 ans est opéré d’une amputation d’orteil sur une AOMI sévère. L’anesthésie est réalisée par Ropivacaïne et Lidocaïne, puis induction 30minutes plus tard par Rémifentanil, Augmentin®, Héparine Sodique (et possiblement Ultravist®). Apparaît rapidement une hypotension artérielle à 70mmHg et un rash cutané, traités par Ephedrine. Après amélioration, la chirurgie est poursuivie avec utilisation de Bétadine®, Propofol, Nimbex® et Visipaque®. La tryptase peropératoire était à 30,8μg/L.
Six mois après, le bilan cutané retrouve des tests positifs pour l’héparine sodique (IDR 5 UI/mL), négatif pour les autres héparines et molécules de l’anesthésie. Les IgE spécifiques sont négatives pour : pénicillines, latex, alpha-gal, viande de bœuf, de porc (consommées sans réactions). De l’Orgaran® est réintroduit en vue d’une nouvelle chirurgie où les mêmes anesthésiants ont été utilisés. Il est conclu à une allergie à l’HNF sans allergie aux viandes associée. De l’Orgaran® est réintroduit en vue d’une nouvelle chirurgie où les mêmes anesthésiants ont été utilisés.
Les héparines sont des anticoagulants extraits du porc ou du bœuf, à l’origine de réactions de type IV (environ 7.5 % des patients traités), avec des réactivités croisées importantes entre les HNF, HBPM et héparinoïdes 2. Les réactions de type I sont exceptionnelles pour les HBPM, rarissimes pour les HNF. Les rares cas rapportés d’anaphylaxies aux héparines sont liés à une allergie aux viandes, ce qui n’est pas le cas de notre patient. En effet, des études montrent que de nombreux patients alpha-gal présentent une réactivité aux héparines, posant la question d’un bilan allergologique systématique aux héparines chez les patients alpha-gal 3.
Lung volume reduction can be effective in appropriately selected patients with severe emphysema and is associated with reduced breathlessness and improved survival. Spontaneous resolution of ...emphysematous bullae can also sometimes occur.
We report a case of severe smoking-related emphysema in a 60-year-old patient, who presented in October 2013 with a right upper lobe acute community-acquired pneumonia on the background of previously undocumented emphysema. The patient improved following treatment with co-amoxiclav and serial radiology showed progressive cicatricial retraction. Nine months later there had been a major functional improvement characterized by a complete normalization of the patient's ventilatory parameters, specifically a 45% improvement in FEV
. In the literature, the average FEV1 improvement obtained by surgical or endoscopic lung volume reduction techniques does not exceed 28%.
Rarely, emphysematous bullae resolve following infections. Further studies of the mechanisms involved in these natural regressions may be of interest in the development of new therapeutics.
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