Five new triterpenoid glycosides, named campetelosides A–E (1–5), together with three known compounds, chikusetsusaponin IVa (6), umbellatoside B (7), and silvioside E (8) were isolated from the ...leaves of Camellia petelotii (Merr.) Sealy. Their chemical structures were determined by interpretations of HR‐ESI‐MS and NMR spectra. In addition, compounds 1–8 were evaluated for their α‐glucosidase inhibitory effects. Compounds 1–3 significantly showed α‐glucosidase inhibitory activity with IC50 values of 166.7±6.0, 45.9±2.6, and 395.3±10.5 μM, respectively, compared to that of the positive control, acarbose, with an IC50 value of 200.4±10.5 μM.
In this study, seven new pentacyclic triterpene glycosides, named dendrocinaosides A-G (1-7), and six known ones (8-13) were isolated from the whole plants of
. Their structures were determined by ...analyses of HR-ESI-MS, 1D and 2D NMR spectra. Compounds 1-4, 8, and 9 potentially inhibited α-glucosidase and α-amylase activities with the IC
values ranging from 31.3 ± 2.2 to 42.4 ± 2.5 μM for anti α-glucosidase and from 36.5 ± 1.8 to 56.4 ± 2.0 μM for anti α-amylase activities, respectively, which were lower than that of the positive control, acarbose, showing IC
values of 47.1 ± 1.4 μM for anti α-glucosidase and 145.7 ± 2.2 μM for anti α-amylase.
It is essential to develop new nanomaterials able to improve sensing performance of electrochemical sensors for determination of heavy metal pollutants. In this work, a novel nanoscale ...metal–organic-framework material (Yb-MOF) with Ytterbium (Yb) rare-earth metal core and benzenetricarboxylic (BTC) ligands was prepared in aqueous conditions using hydrothermal approach. The results have revealed highly porous structure of the as-synthesized material with specific active area up to 1166 m
2
g
−1
. A sensing platform was then constructed by drop-casting Yb-MOF onto glassy carbon electrode for detection of two most commonly found heavy metal ion pollutants (Cd
2+
and Pb
2+
) in water sources. The nanoporous structure of Yb-MOF is very profitable to the selective preconcentration of targeted metal ions. The detection limits were estimated to be 3.0 ppb, 1.6 ppb for Cd
2+
and Pb
2+
species, respectively. This work provides a new electrochemical sensing platform for fast and sensitive in-situ detection of water contaminants.
Graphical abstract
Sepsis is the most common cause of in-hospital deaths, especially from low-income and lower-middle-income countries (LMICs). This study aimed to investigate the mortality rate and associated factors ...from sepsis in intensive care units (ICUs) in an LMIC. We did a multicenter cross-sectional study of septic patients presenting to 15 adult ICUs throughout Vietnam on the 4 days representing the different seasons of 2019. Of 252 patients, 40.1% died in hospital and 33.3% died in ICU. ICUs with accredited training programs (odds ratio, OR: 0.309; 95% confidence interval, CI 0.122-0.783) and completion of the 3-h sepsis bundle (OR: 0.294; 95% CI 0.083-1.048) were associated with decreased hospital mortality. ICUs with intensivist-to-patient ratio of 1:6 to 8 (OR: 4.533; 95% CI 1.621-12.677), mechanical ventilation (OR: 3.890; 95% CI 1.445-10.474) and renal replacement therapy (OR: 2.816; 95% CI 1.318-6.016) were associated with increased ICU mortality, in contrast to non-surgical source control (OR: 0.292; 95% CI 0.126-0.678) which was associated with decreased ICU mortality. Improvements are needed in the management of sepsis in Vietnam such as increasing resources in critical care settings, making accredited training programs more available, improving compliance with sepsis bundles of care, and treating underlying illness and shock optimally in septic patients.
Phytochemical study on the methanol extract of Aglaia odorata leaves resulted in the isolation of four previously undescribed compounds, including three 2,9-deoxyflavonoids and one flavonol-diamide ...3 + 2 adduct, and 13 known compounds. The chemical structures of the four undescribed compounds were elucidated on the basis of their IR, HR-ESI-MS, 1D and 2D NMR, and ECD spectra. The results revealed an unprecedented 2,9-deoxyflavonoid framework, which was confirmed by TD-DFT, ECD, and GIAO 13C-NMR calculations using sorted training set methods. The 17 compounds were examined for their ability to inhibit NO production activity in cultured lipopolysaccharide-activated RAW264.7 cells with aglaodoratas A-C, odorine, and epi-odorine inhibiting NO production, with IC50 values in the range of 16.2–24.3 μM. The other investigated compounds had either weak or no activity.
Four undescribed (three 2,9-deoxyflavonoids and one flavonol-diamide 3 + 2 adduct) and thirteen known compounds were isolated from the leaves of Aglaia odorata Lour. The 2,9-deoxyflavonoid structure is an unprecedented carbon framework. Five isolated compounds inhibited NO production, with IC50 values in the range 16.2–24.3 μM. Display omitted
•Four undescribed compounds were isolated from Aglaia odorata.•Structures were established by experimental and theoretical spectroscopic methods.•2,9-deoxyflavonoid is an unprecedented carbon framework.•Five isolated compounds inhibited NO production better than positive control.
Predicting and mapping fire susceptibility is a top research priority in fire-prone forests worldwide. This study evaluates the abilities of the Bayes Network (BN), Naïve Bayes (NB), Decision Tree ...(DT), and Multivariate Logistic Regression (MLP) machine learning methods for the prediction and mapping fire susceptibility across the Pu Mat National Park, Nghe An Province, Vietnam. The modeling methodology was formulated based on processing the information from the 57 historical fires and a set of nine spatially explicit explanatory variables, namely elevation, slope degree, aspect, average annual temperate, drought index, river density, land cover, and distance from roads and residential areas. Using the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) and seven other performance metrics, the models were validated in terms of their abilities to elucidate the general fire behaviors in the Pu Mat National Park and to predict future fires. Despite a few differences between the AUC values, the BN model with an AUC value of 0.96 was dominant over the other models in predicting future fires. The second best was the DT model (AUC = 0.94), followed by the NB (AUC = 0.939), and MLR (AUC = 0.937) models. Our robust analysis demonstrated that these models are sufficiently robust in response to the training and validation datasets change. Further, the results revealed that moderate to high levels of fire susceptibilities are associated with ~19% of the Pu Mat National Park where human activities are numerous. This study and the resultant susceptibility maps provide a basis for developing more efficient fire-fighting strategies and reorganizing policies in favor of sustainable management of forest resources.
Three new isomalabaricanes (1-3), a new α-pyrone derivative (4), together with four known isomalabaricane analogs rhabdastrellin G (5), isogeoditin A (6), stelliferin A (7), and (13
)-isogeoditin A ...(8) were isolated from the marine sponge
. Their chemical structures were determined by HR-ESI-MS, 1D and 2D-NMR spectroscopic data analysis. The absolute configurations were identified by Mo
(OAc)
induced ECD spectra and TD-DFT theoretical calculated ECD spectra. Compound 6 exhibited weak cytotoxic effects against HepG2 and SKMel2 cell lines with the IC
values of 7.53 ± 0.70 and 9.93 ± 0.95 μM, respectively.
The Coronavirus disease of 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic and the corresponding mitigation measures have had a discernible impact on drug utilization among outpatients. However, limited research exists on ...the prescription trends in the elderly population during the pandemic period in Viet Nam.
This study aims to analyze the effects of COVID-19 on outpatient drug utilization patterns at a national geriatric hospital in Ho Chi Minh City before and after the early onset of the pandemic.
Data was collected from the prescriptions and administration claims, encompassing the period from January 2016 to December 2022. The dataset was divided into two periods: Period 1: January 2016 to December 2020 and Period 2: January 2021 to December 2022. The drug utilization was measured using DDD/1000P (defined daily doses-DDD per 1000 prescriptions) on a monthly basis. The analysis employed interrupted time series using Autoregressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA) to detect changes in drug use levels and rates.
A total of 1,060,507 and 644,944 outpatient prescriptions from Thong Nhat Hospital were included in Period 1 and Period 2, respectively. The median age of the patients were 58 in Period 1 and 67 years old in Period 2. The most common comorbidities were dyslipidemia, hypertension, and diabetes mellitus. In terms of medication utilization, cardiovascular drugs were the most frequently prescribed, followed by drugs active on the digestive and hormonal systems. The study observed significant surges in the number of prescriptions and the average number of drugs per prescription. However, there were no significant changes in the overall consumption of all drugs. Among the drug groups related to the cardiovascular system, three subgroups experienced a sudden and significant increase: cardiac therapy, beta-blocking agents, and antihypertensives, with increasing consumption levels of 1,177.73 CI 95%: 79.29; 2,276.16, 73.32 CI 95%: 28.18; 118.46, and 36.70 CI 95%: 6.74; 66.66 DDD/1000P, respectively. On the other hand, there was a significant monthly decrease of -31.36 CI 95%: -57.02; -5.70 DDD/1000P in the consumption of anti-inflammatory and antirheumatic products. Interestingly, there was a significant increase of 74.62 CI 95%: -0.36; 149.60 DDD/1000P in the use of antigout preparations.
COVID-19 resulted in a sudden, non-significant increase in overall drug consumption levels among outpatients. Notably, our findings highlight significant increases in the utilization of three drug groups related to the cardiovascular system, specifically cardiac therapy, beta-blocking agents, and antihypertensives. Intriguingly, there was a statistically significant increase in the consumption of antigout preparations, despite a decline in the monthly consumption rate of non-steroidal anti-flammatory drugs (NSAIDs). Further studies in the following years are necessary to provide a more comprehensive understanding of the impact of COVID-19 on outpatient drug utilization patterns.
A new furostane saponin, ramosaponin (1), and four known furostane saponins, protodioscin (2), dehydrotomatoside (3), (25 R)-26-O-(β-D-glucopyranosyl)-furost-5-ene-3β,22α,26-triol ...3-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→4)-β-D-galactopyranoside (4), and anguivioside A (5) were isolated from the methanol extract of Allium ramosum seeds. Their structures were identified based on spectroscopic evidence and comparison with those reported in the literature. All compounds were evaluated for reduction of lipid accumulation in HepG2 cell line. As a result, compound 1 showed significant lipid accumulation inhibitory activity with an IC
50
value of 64.32 ± 3.87 µM.
A new isopropyl chromone (1) and a new flavanone glucoside (2) together with eleven known compounds (3–13) were isolated from the leaves of Syzygium cerasiforme (Blume) Merr. & L.M.Perry. Their ...structures were elucidated as 5,7‐dihydroxy‐2‐isopropyl‐6,8‐dimethyl‐4H‐chromen‐4‐one (1), 5,7‐dihydroxyflavanone 7‐O‐β‐D‐(6′′‐O‐galloylglucopyranoside) (2), strobopinin (3), demethoxymatteucinol (4), pinocembrin‐7‐O‐β‐D‐glucopyranoside (5), (2S)‐hydroxynaringenin‐7‐O‐β‐D‐glucopyranoside (6), afzelin (7), quercetin (8), kaplanin (9), endoperoxide G3 (10), grasshopper (11), vomifoliol (12), litseagermacrane (13) by the analysis of HR‐ESI‐MS, NMR, and CD spectral data. Compounds 1, 2, 5, 6 and 10 inhibited NO production on LPS‐activated RAW264.7 cells with IC50 values of 12.28±1.15, 8.52±1.62, 7.68±0.87, 9.67±0.57, and 6.69±0.34 μM, respectively, while the IC50 values of the other compounds ranging from 33.38±0.78 to 86.51±2.98 μM, compared to that of the positive control, NG‐monomethyl‐L‐arginine acetate (L‐NMMA) with an IC50 value of 32.50±1.00 μM.
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