Reconstruction of human ecosystems and their stability over time provides knowledge of the processes of adaptability developed by isolated communities. Seasonality of vital events is a good indicator ...of the effects of different 'traditional' lifestyles, which in turn depend on the ecological context in which a population developed specific subsistence models. Seasonality of births reflects the cultural attitude towards the best time to conceive, in relation to work activities and loads; the latter may also affect physiological functions related to fertility. The present research concerns gross birth rates and seasonality of births and conceptions during four centuries in south-central Italy. Birth rates were between 33.0 and 36.5 per 1000. The pattern of seasonality of births and, by extension, of conceptions defines a southern-type agricultural area for the earlier periods. However, it also shows a progressive shift towards an increasing concentration of conceptions in spring-summer--namely from April to August--with a large increase in summer in the 19th century with respect to the previous periods. The new 19th century pattern is reported by Crisafulli, Dalla Zuanna & Solero (2000) as being representative of the central Adriatic region, a geographical classification to which Abruzzo can also be attributed.
The habenula (Hb) is a phylogenetically old epithalamic structure differentiated into two nuclear complexes, the medial (MHb) and lateral habenula (LHb). After decades of search for a great unifying ...function, interest in the Hb resurged when it was demonstrated that LHb plays a major role in the encoding of aversive stimuli ranging from noxious stimuli to the loss of predicted rewards. Consistent with a role as an anti‐reward center, aberrant LHb activity has now been identified as a key factor in the pathogenesis of major depressive disorder. Moreover, both MHb and LHb emerged as new players in the reward circuitry by primarily mediating the aversive properties of distinct drugs of abuse. Anatomically, the Hb serves as a bridge that links basal forebrain structures with monoaminergic nuclei in the mid‐ and hindbrain. So far, research on Hb has focused on the role of the LHb in regulating midbrain dopamine release. However, LHb/MHb are also interconnected with the dorsal (DR) and median (MnR) raphe nucleus. Hence, it is conceivable that some of the habenular functions are at least partly mediated by the complex network that links MHb/LHb with pontomesencephalic monoaminergic nuclei. Here, we summarize research about the topography and transmitter phenotype of the reciprocal connections between the LHb and ventral tegmental area‐nigra complex, as well as those between the LHb and DR/MnR. Indirect MHb outputs via interpeduncular nucleus to state‐setting neuromodulatory networks will also be commented. Finally, we discuss the role of specific LHb‐VTA and LHb/MHb‐raphe circuits in anxiety and depression.
Schematic diagram depicting major afferent and efferent connections of the habenula, highlighting its reciprocal connections with DA and 5‐HT cell groups and other state‐setting ascending neuromodulatory nuclei. There are two parallel output streams from the LHb to the VTA and DR: A relatively weak direct stream, primarily emanating from LHbM that targets VTA, DR, MnR and LDTg; and a more potent indirect stream via the RMTg to the VTA‐nigra complex and DR.
LE MENTITE FILOTEANE, OVERO Inuettiua di Giouanni Filoteo d'Asti, Contra la Republica Serenissima di Venetia, CONFVTATA DA FVLGENTIO TOMASELLI Filosofo Albanese chiamato aliàs il Capelletto, à fauore ...della istessa Serenissima Republica
APOLOGIA PER LE OPPOSITIONI FATTE Dall’Illustrissimo, & Reuerendiss.MO Signor Cardinale Bellarminio ALLI TRATTATI, ET RISOLVTIONI di Gio. Gersone sopra la validita delle Scommuniche /
ESSAME SOPRA TVTTE Quelle scritture, che sin hora sono state mandate alle stampe Da alcuni parte senza nome di Autore, parte sotto nomi finti, & suppositi, parte con i proprij nomi di essi Autori contro la giustissima causa della Serenissima Republica di Venetia /
Essame sopra tutte quelle scritture, che sin hora sono state mandate alle stampe
SECONDA PARTE DELL’ESSAME DI GIO. MARSILIO. SOPRA TVTTE QVELLE SCRITTVRE, che sin hora sono state mandate alle Stampe contro la giustissima causa della Serenissima Republ. di Venetia :
Nella quale si essaminano le dette Scritture in particolare. Essame di vna Scrittura intitolata. Instruttioni a i popoli di quei luoghi, che sono sottoposti all’Interdetto Ecclesiastico, & di quelle Parocchie dalle quali sono partiti li proprij Parochi, & Sacerdoti
Essame sopra tutte quelle scritture, che sin hora sono state mandate alle Stampe contro la giustissima causa della Serenissima Republ. di Venetia
DIFESA DI GIOVANNI MARSILIO A FAVORE della Risposta dell'otto Propositioni Controla quale hà scritto L'ILLVSTRISS.MO ET REVER.MO SIG. CARDINAL BELLARMINO
TRATTATO DELL’INTERDETTO Della Santita di Papa Paulo V. :
NEL QVALE SI DI MOSTRA, CHE egli non è legitimamente publicato, et che per molte ragioni non sono obligati gli Ecclesiastici all’essecutione di exxo, ne possono senza peccato osseruarlo /
DVE LETTERE VNA PVBLICATA Sotto nome della Republica di GENOVA ALLA REPVBLICA DI VENETIA. L'altra che contiene il parere sopra la medesima Lettera
DUE LETTERE UNA PUBLICATA Sotto nome della Republica
LEONARDO DONATO PER GRATIA DI DIO DVCE DI VENETIA &c.
LEONARDO DONATO PER GRATIA DI DIO DUCE DI VENETIA &c.
Nakladatelské údaje a autor dle KVK.
LA CITTA DI VERONA, A I LETTORI
F. FVLGENTIO DI NATIONE ITALIANO :
Di Patria Venetiano, di Fameglia Manfredi, di Fede Cattolico Christiano, di Religone osseruante Francescano, di ordine Sacerdote, di Professione Theologo sacro, di officio Predicatore apertamente verace, e della vera dottrina Euangelica fortissimo disensore, e della Apostolica vita humilissimo seguace
F. FULGENTIO DI NATIONE ITALIANO
Autor dle KVK.
Bez titulního listu. Název z hlavičky.
Nakladatelské údaje dle závěru textu.
LETTERA DEL DEVOTISSIMO Padre Fra Gio. Battista Palmerio Romito. ALLI FEDELI SVDDITI del Dominio Venetiano
CONSVLTA DI N. DOTTORE PARIGINO. INTORNO LA CONTROVERSIA Tra la Santità di Paolo Quinto. Et la Serenissima Republica Veneta. Ad vn Gentilhuomo Venetiano. TRADOTTA DAL LATINO nella Lingua Italiana
CONSULTA DI N. DOTTORE PARIGINO
RISPOSTA D'VN DOTTORE IN THEOLOGIA Ad vna lettera scrittagli da vn Reuerendo suo Amico, Sopra il Breue di Censure dalla Santità di Papa Paolo V. publicate contro li Signori Venetiani, Et sopra la nullità di cette Censure, cauata dalla sacra Scrittura, dalli Santi Padri, & da altri Catolici Dottori
RISPOSTA D'VN DOTTORE IN THEOLOGIA Ad vna lettera scrittagli da vn Reuerendo suo Amico ...
Autor a nakladatelské údaje dle KVK.
DVE DISCORSI. Sopra, LA LIBERTA ECCLESIASTICA /
DUE DISCORSI. Sopra, LA LIBERTA ECCLESIASTICA
CONSIDERATIONI SOPRA LE CENSVRE Della Santità di Papa Paulo V. CONTRA LA SERENISSIMA REPVBLICA DI VENETIA /
CONSIDERATIONI SOPRA LE CENSURE
CONFIRMATIONE DELLE CONSIDERATIONI /
IL DOGE LEONARDO DONATO Historia di tutte le cose notabili successe nella Republica in tempo del suo Prencipato
Historia di tutte le cose notabili successe nella Republica in tempo del suo Prencipato
Autorova data dle CERLu.
Přívazek.
Neurones expressing the melanin‐concentrating hormone (MCH) can be found in the medial preoptic area (mPOA) and ventral aspects of the periventricular preoptic nucleus of rats by mid‐to‐late ...lactation and this expression disappears after weaning. The transitory expression of MCH in the preoptic area suggests a role for these neurones in the control of the end of lactation. However, the neurochemical identity of mPOA MCH neurones and the regulatory factors that control the transient MCH expression remain largely unknown, especially in the mouse. In the present study, we showed that mice also present the transitory expression of MCH in the mPOA at late lactation. mPOA MCH cells did not colocalise significantly with markers of GABAergic (VGAT), glutamatergic (VGLUT2 and VGLUT3) or dopaminergic (tyrosine hydroxylase) neurones. mPOA MCH cells also did not express Kiss1 or oxytocin. By contrast, approximately 70% and 90% of mPOA MCH neurones colocalised with oestrogen receptor α and prolactin‐induced phosphorylated signal transducer and activator of transcription 5 (STAT5), respectively. Finally, we demonstrated that the number of MCH neurones in the mPOA is significantly higher in females during the first lactation, compared to mice on the second lactation or pregnant mice during the first lactation or brain‐specific STAT5 knockout mice during the first lactation. In summary, our findings indicate that MCH neurones in the mPOA of lactating mice are sensitive to oestrogens and prolactin. Thus, mPOA MCH expression is possibly influenced by hormonal variations. Furthermore, the STAT5 signalling pathway is likely involved in the regulation of MCH expression in the mPOA of lactating mice.
Abstract Neurons that express the prohormone proopiomelanocortin (POMC) in the arcuate hypothalamic nucleus (Arc) are engaged in the regulation of energy balance and glucose homeostasis. ...Additionally, POMC neurons are considered key first-order cells regulated by leptin. Interestingly, in the Arc, POMC cells that express the leptin receptor (POMC/LepR+ cells) are found side by side with POMC cells not directly responsive to leptin (POMC/LepR− cells). However, it remains unknown whether these distinct populations innervate different target regions. Therefore, the objective of the present study was to compare the projections of POMC/LepR+ and POMC/LepR− neurons. Using genetically modified LepR-reporter mice to identify leptin receptor-expressing cells and immunohistochemistry to stain POMC-derived peptides (α-MSH or β-endorphin) we confirmed that approximately 80% of Arc β-endorphin-positive neurons co-expressed leptin receptors. POMC/LepR+ and POMC/LepR− axons were intermingled in all of their target regions. As revealed by confocal microscopy, we found an elevated degree of co-localization between α-MSH+ axons and the reporter protein (tdTomato) in all brain regions analyzed, with co-localization coefficients ranging from 0.889 to 0.701. Thus, these two populations of POMC neurons seem to project to the same set of brain structures, although one of the two subtypes of POMC axons was sometimes found to be more abundant than the other in distinct subregions of the same nucleus. Therefore, POMC/LepR+ and POMC/LepR− cells may target separate neuronal populations and consequently activate distinct neuronal circuits within some target nuclei. These findings contribute to unravel the neuronal circuits involved in the regulation of energy balance and glucose homeostasis.
In cities, where the number of vehicles continuously increases faster than the available traffic infrastructure to support them, congestion is a difficult issue to deal with and it becomes even worse ...in case of car accidents. This problem affects many aspects of the modern society, including economic development, traffic accidents, increase in greenhouse emissions, time spent, and health damages. In this context, modern societies can rely on traffic management system to minimize traffic congestion and its negative effects. Traffic management systems are composed of a set of application and management tools to improve the overall traffic efficiency and safety of the transportation systems. Furthermore, to overcome such issue, traffic management system gathers information from heterogeneous sources, exploits such information to identify hazards that may potentially degrade the traffic efficiency, and then provides services to control them. With this question in mind, this article presents a classification, review, challenges, and future perspectives to implement a traffic management system.
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