Objective
Little is known about the extent to which physical activity (PA) levels change following total knee or hip joint replacement relative to pain, physical function, and quality of life. Our ...objective was to conduct a systematic review and meta‐analysis on changes in PA relative to pain, quality of life, and physical function after total knee or hip joint replacement.
Methods
We searched the PubMed (Medline), Embase, and CINAHL databases for peer‐reviewed, English‐language cohort studies measuring PA with an accelerometer from presurgery to postsurgery. Random‐effects models were used to produce standardized mean differences (SMDs) for PA, quality of life, pain, and physical function outcomes. Heterogeneity was assessed using I2.
Results
Seven studies (336 participants) met the eligibility criteria. No significant increase in PA was found at 6 months (SMD 0.14 95% confidence interval (95% CI) −0.05, 0.34; I2 = 0%) and a small to moderately significant effect was found for increasing PA at 12 months (SMD 0.43 95% CI 0.22, 0.64; I2 = 0%). Large improvements were found at 6 months in physical function (SMD 0.97 95% CI 0.12, 1.82; I2 = 92.3%), pain (SMD −1.47 95% CI −2.28, −0.65; I2 = 91.6%), and quality of life (SMD 1.02 95% CI 0.30, 1.74; I2 = 83.2%).
Conclusion
Physical activity did not change at 6 months, and a small to moderate improvement was found at 12 months postsurgery, despite large improvements in quality of life, pain, and physical function. Reasons for the lack of increased PA are unknown but may be behavioral in nature, as a sedentary lifestyle is difficult to change. Changing sedentary behavior should be a future focus of research in this subgroup.
This systematic review aimed to investigate differences in clinical outcomes, patient-reported outcomes (PROs), and complication types and rates among preoperative diagnoses following reverse total ...shoulder arthroplasty (RTSA): rotator cuff tear arthropathy, primary osteoarthritis, massive irreparable rotator cuff tear, proximal humeral fracture, rheumatoid arthritis (RA), and revision of anatomic arthroplasty (Rev).
Three electronic databases were searched from inception to January 2020.
The inclusion criteria were (1) patients with a minimum age of 60 years who underwent RTSA for the stated preoperative diagnoses, (2) a minimum of 2 years’ follow-up, and (3) preoperative and postoperative values for clinical outcomes and PROs.
Risk of bias was determined by the Methodological Index for Non-randomized Studies tool and the modified Downs and Black tool. Weighted means for clinical outcomes and PROs were calculated for each preoperative diagnosis.
A total of 53 studies were included, of which 36 (68%) were level IV retrospective case series. According to the Methodological Index for Non-randomized Studies tool, 33 studies (62%) showed a high risk of bias; the 3 randomized controlled trials showed a low risk of bias on the modified Downs and Black tool. RTSA improved clinical outcomes and PROs for all preoperative diagnoses. The Rev group had poorer final outcomes as noted by a lower American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons score (69) and lower pain score (1.8) compared with the other preoperative diagnoses (78-82 and 0.4-1.4, respectively). The RA group showed the highest complication rate (28%), whereas the osteoarthritis group showed the lowest rate (1.4%).
Studies in the RTSA literature predominantly showed a high risk of bias. All preoperative diagnoses showed improvements; Rev patients showed the worse clinical outcomes and PROs, and RA patients showed higher complication rates. The preoperative diagnosis in RTSA patients can impact outcomes and complications.
The use of surgical video has great potential to enhance surgical education, but there exists limited information about how to effectively use surgical videos. We performed a systematic review of ...video technology in surgical training and provided evidence-based recommendations for its effective use.
A systematic review of literature on surgical video in residency education was conducted. All articles meeting inclusion criteria were evaluated for technical characteristics pertaining to video usage. Included studies were critically appraised using a quality-scoring system. Recommendations were provided for the effective implementation of video in surgical education based on associations with improved training outcomes.
Twenty articles met inclusion criteria. In these studies, the source of video acquisition was primarily laparoscopy (40.0% of papers), and the main perspective of video was endoscopy (45.0%). Features of videos included supplementation with other educational tools (55.0%), schematic diagrams or images (50.0%), audio (40.0%), and narration (25.0%). Videos were primarily viewed preoperatively (60.0%) or postoperatively (50.0%). The intended viewer for videos was usually residents (70.0%) but also included attendings/faculty (30.0%). When compared with a nonvideo training group, video training was associated with improved resident knowledge (100%), improved operative performance (81.3%), and greater participant satisfaction (100%).
Based on this review, we recommend that surgical training programs incorporate schematics and imaging into video, supplement video with other education tools, and utilize audio in video. For video review, we recommend that residents review video preoperatively and postoperatively for learning and that attendings review video postoperatively for assessment.
Abstract Background/purpose Low back pain (LBP) is a prevalent musculoskeletal condition and represents a substantial socioeconomic burden. Plain film radiography is a commonly used imaging ...technique. Radiographic features (RFs) such as disc space narrowing, osteophytes, spondylosis, endplate sclerosis, spondylolisthesis, and facet joint osteoarthritis have all been debated as potential pain generators in the lumbar spine. The aim of this study is to (1) determine the association between LBP and lumbar spine RFs in both community- and occupation-based groups and (2) to determine if there are differences in these associations between these two groups. Methods A systematic electronic search of PubMed, EMBASE, CINAHL, and Cochrane was conducted with keywords related to LBP and lumbar spine RFs. The search was restricted from inception of each respective database to April 2014. Inclusion criteria consisted of observational studies of adults (≥18 years) with and without nonspecific LBP. Studies were excluded if they investigated LBP related to infection, malignancy, or rheumatologic nature or were conducted in cadavers. Quality assessment was conducted with the Item Bank for Assessment of Risk of Bias and Precision for Observational Studies of Interventions or Exposures. Random effect models were used for all pooled analyses with associations represented by odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs). Statistical heterogeneity was assessed with I2 , with significant heterogeneity represented as >50%. Results Overall, 28 (22 community-based and six occupation-based) studies met the eligibility criteria consisting of 26,107 subjects. A significant, positive association was found between disc space narrowing and LBP, which did not differ ( p = 0.22) in both community- and occupation-based studies OR = 1.47 (95% CI: 1.36–1.58) and OR = 1.76 (95% CI: 1.34–2.33), respectively. No significant statistical heterogeneity was present in either estimate ( I2 = 0.0%). A significant association was found between spondylolisthesis and LBP in occupation-based studies OR = 2.21 (95% CI: 1.44–3.39) that differed significantly ( p < 0.01) from community-based studies OR = 1.12 (95% CI: 1.03–1.23). These individual estimates were also homogeneous ( I2 = 0.0%). The association between other radiographic features was modest (i.e., spondylosis and osteophytes) or non-significant (i.e., endplate sclerosis and facet joint). Quality of included studies varied, with the majority demonstrating good quality. Conclusion A significant association was found between disc space narrowing in both community- and occupational-based populations without significant differences between the associations. A significant strong association was found between spondylolisthesis and LBP among the occupational group but was weakly associated in the community-based group, which supports that spondylolisthesis may contribute a specific cause for LBP.
The ability to retain and remember information (memory) is essential to caregiving tasks. There is evidence that caregivers are at greater risk for experiencing deteriorations in cognitive status ...than non-caregivers, especially memory; however, we have a limited understanding of factors that are related to changes in caregiver memory. This scoping review intends to comprehensively map factors related to caregiver memory reported in the literature within the chronic caregiving context. Specific aims include (1) identifying factors related to caregiver memory; (2) examining how caregiver memory has been measured; and (3) describing changes in caregiver memory during their caregiving period. This review will be conducted following Arksey and O'Malley's framework and reported using the PRISMA guidelines for Scoping Reviews (PRISMA-ScR). Studies will be included if (1) the studies focus on home-based unpaid long term family caregiving; (2) study participants (patients), of any age, have one (or more) chronic illness or disability and receive care from a caregiver for 6 months or more; (3) caregivers are adults (> = 18 years of age). Any chronic disease or condition will be included. The search will encompass gray literature and peer-reviewed literature in MEDLINE (via Ovid), CINAHL Plus with Full Text (via EBSCOhost), Embase (via Elsevier), APA PsycINFO (via EBSCOhost), Sociology Source Ultimate (via EBSCOhost), and ProQuest Dissertations and Theses Global. Data extraction will include specific details about the participants, concept, context, study methods, and key caregiver-related findings. The Caregiver Health Model will provide a framework to categorize factors that impact caregivers' memory including caregiver health promotion activities, caregiver attitudes and beliefs, caregiver task, and caregiver needs. Factors that do not fall into the Caregiver Health Model domains will be organized by emerging themes.
While the number of reviews of nursing education research has increased over the years, bibliometric studies about these reviews are limited.
The purposes were to: (1) examine the number of reviews ...of nursing education research published from 2018 through 2022, (2) identify journals publishing these reviews, (3) identify the types and topics of reviews in nursing education, and (4) analyze how these reviews are labeled (standard versus nonstandard).
This was a bibliometric study of reviews in nursing education.
The search for reviews in nursing education was done using CINAHL Complete via the EBSCO host platform and was limited to articles published in peer reviewed journals. The results were imported into EndNote, and the title or abstract was used to identify the review type. The categorized reviews were then exported into Microsoft Excel. The titles and abstracts were searched to identify reviews in nursing education, resulting in 600 articles analyzed in this study. The topics of the reviews were identified via natural language processing techniques based on the Medical Subject Headings biomedical vocabulary in the manual tags with each article.
The number of reviews has steadily increased over the years. The top journal in which reviews were published was Nurse Education Today (n = 197). Nearly a quarter (n = 149, 24.8 %) of the reviews were integrative, followed by systematic (n = 117, 19.5 %), scoping (n = 117, 19.5 %), and literature (n = 85, 14.2 %). There were 12 main topics: most reviews were on simulation, followed by critical thinking methods and the academic achievement of nursing students.
This study documented an increase in the number of reviews of nursing education research over the last five years. The most common type was an integrative review, followed by systematic, scoping, and literature. Reviews on simulation were most common.
•This study examined reviews of nursing education research from 2018 through 2022.•Integrative reviews were the most common review type in nursing education.•The top journal publishing reviews was Nurse Education Today.•Most reviews were on simulation followed by critical thinking.
Reverse shoulder arthroplasty (RSA) has been widely adopted in the United States since its approval by the United States Food and Drug Administration in 2003. Advancements in metallurgy and design ...(including locking screws) have yielded clinically successful prostheses with a lateralized center of rotation (COR). This systematic review compared postsurgical outcomes and failure rates for lateral vs. medial COR RSA. We hypothesized that progressive lateralization of the COR results in greater ROM, improved clinical outcome scores, fewer acromial stress fractures, and less notching but a higher rate of glenoid implant baseplate failure and dislocation.
PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, CINAHL, and Cochrane databases were searched from inception through June 7, 2017, following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. Eighteen articles were included after final review. Studies were stratified on whether a prosthesis with a lateral or medial COR was used. Comparisons included shoulder range of motion (ROM), functional outcome scores, and reported complications.
RSA demonstrated significant improvements in outcome scores postsurgery regardless of prosthesis type. Overall, this study found no clear difference in outcome scores between the lateralized and medialized COR groups. The lateralized COR group displayed increased postoperative ROM. There was a higher reported incidence of scapular notching with medial COR prostheses. Otherwise, there were no clear differences in complications between the 2 groups.
The data suggest no significant differences exist between groups in outcome scores. The lateralized COR prosthesis showed increased postoperative external rotation and decreased scapular notching. Additional well-constructed randomized controlled trials would allow more effective comparison of these prosthesis designs.
The purpose of this scoping review was to address the following question: What social relationships are associated with affective-cognitive symptoms of women with breast cancer? This scoping review ...used the framework proposed by Arksey and O'Malley and PRISMA-Sc. Studies published by February 2022 were searched using four databases: MEDLINE (PubMed), Embase (Elsevier), PsycINFO (EBSCOhost), and Web of Science (Clarivate). All retrieved citations were independently screened and eligibility for inclusion was determined by study team members. Extracted data included research aims, design, sample, type and measures of social relationships (functional and structural), and the association between social relationships and affective-cognitive symptoms A total of 70 studies were included. Affective symptoms were positively associated with social support, family functioning, quality of relationships, social networks, and social integration, whereas the negative association was found with social constraints. Our findings suggest positive social relationships may mitigate affective symptoms of women with breast cancer. Thus, health care providers need to educate patients about the importance of building solid social relationships and encourage them to participate in a supportive network of friends and family members.
Background
Birthing individuals experience various postpartum symptoms which have been associated with adverse health outcomes. Previous systematic reviews have focused on the examination of ...individual symptoms and their impact on health, which have limited our understanding of postpartum symptom clusters.
Objective
To examine the compositions of symptom clusters, analytic methodologies and predictors of symptom clusters in birthing individuals up to 1 year postpartum.
Design
Systematic review.
Methods
This systematic review was reported following the PRISMA. Five databases were searched: PubMed, Embase, CINAHL Complete, PsycINFO and Scopus. Two reviewers performed title and and full‐text screening independently. Standard Quality Assessment Criteria were used to assess the articles' qualities. Key information was extracted into evidence table, which was checked for accuracy and completeness. A narrative synthesis was conducted.
Results
A total of 30 articles were included. Studies were conducted in 16 countries, mostly in Europe (n = 9) and North America (n = 7). The majority were quantitative (n = 27) and cross‐sectional (n = 27). Factor analysis was the most frequently used analytic methodology (n = 21). All three qualitative studies used grounded theory. Taking into consideration the variations among the studies, stress (n = 15, infant or partner‐related and from other sources), depression (n = 12), somatic (n = 12) and anxiety clusters (n = 10) were most frequently identified. Symptom cluster predictors were examined in less than half of the included studies (n = 13). Among these, most were focused on how individual postpartum symptoms influence symptom clusters.
Conclusions
Stress, depression, somatic and anxiety clusters are the most frequently identified postpartum symptom clusters. Future studies should examine the consistency, stability and clinical meaningfulness of these four symptom clusters.
Relevance to clinical practice
The identification and management of the four symptom clusters should be of particular interest to clinicians and researchers.
No patient or public contribution
This systematic review did not directly involve patient or public contribution to the manuscript.
