The development of red thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) emitters having excellent optoelectronic properties and satisfactory electroluminescence efficiency is full of challenges due to ...strict molecular design principles. Two red TADF molecules, 3‐(9,9‐dimethylacridin‐10(9H)‐yl)acenaphtho1,2‐bquinoxaline‐9,10‐dicarbonitrile and 3‐(2,7‐dimethyl‐10H‐spiroacridine‐9,9′‐fluoren‐10‐yl)acenaphtho1,2‐bquinoxaline‐9,10‐dicarbonitrile, are developed by adopting a donor–acceptor molecular architecture bearing an electron‐accepting acenaphtho1,2‐bquinoxaline‐9,10‐dicarbonitrile (ANQDC) moiety and a 9,9‐dimethyl‐9,10‐dihydroacridine or 2,7‐dimethyl‐10H‐spiroacridine‐9,9′‐fluorene electron donor. The combined effects of rigid and planar D/A moieties and highly steric hindrance between D and A groups endow both molecules with high rigidity to suppress nonradiative decay processes, resulting in high photoluminescence quantum efficiencies (ΦPLs) of up to 95%. Attributed to the linear and planar acceptor motif and rod‐like molecular configuration, both emitters achieve high horizontal ratios of emitting dipole orientation of ≈80%. The organic light‐emitting diodes (OLEDs) based on both emitters exhibit red emissions peaking at ≈615 nm and successfully afford ultrahigh electroluminescence performance with an external quantum efficiency of nearly 28% and a power efficiency of above 50 lm W−1, on par with the state‐of‐the‐art device efficiency for red TADF OLEDs. This presents a feasible design strategy for excellent TADF emitters simultaneously possessing high ΦPLs and horizontally aligned emitting dipoles.
An ultrahigh‐efficiency red thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) OLED with an external quantum efficiency of nearly 28% and a power efficiency of exceeding 50 lm W−1 is realized. The OLEDs incorporate excellent red TADF emitters, simultaneously exhibiting 95% photoluminescence quantum efficiency and preferentially horizontal emitting dipole orientation.
All‐inorganic CsPbX3 (X=I, Br, Cl) perovskite quantum dots (PQDs) have been investigated because of their optical properties, such as tunable wavelength, narrow band, and high quantum efficiency. ...These features have been used in light emitting diode (LED) devices. LED on‐chip fabrication uses mixed green and red quantum dots with silicone gel. However, the ion‐exchange effect widens the narrow emission spectrum. Quantum dots cannot be mixed because of anion exchange. We address this issue with a mesoporous PQD nanocomposite that can prevent ion exchange and increase stability. We mixed green quantum‐dot‐containing mesoporous silica nanocomposites with red PQDs, which can prevent the anion‐exchange effect and increase thermal and photo stability. We applied the new PQD‐based LEDs for backlight displays. We also used PQDs in an on‐chip LED device. Our white LED device for backlight display passed through a color filter with an NTSC value of 113 % and Rec. 2020 of 85 %.
Points of light: Green CsPbBr3 perovskite quantum dots (PQDs), embedded in mesoporous silica (MP), were mixed with red CsPb(Br0.4I0.6)3 quantum dots in a silicone resin and placed on an InGaN blue chip. The green and red QDs were excited by blue light with λ=450 nm. The resulting PQD white light emitting diode (LED) exhibits a wide color gamut because of its narrow emission wavelength.
Background
Postoperative stroke is a severe and potentially disabling complication following surgical intervention for acute type A aortic dissection (ATAAD). This retrospective study aims to compare ...the early and late outcomes between patients who had hemorrhagic and ischemic stroke after undergoing ATAAD repair surgery.
Methods
Between January 2007 and June 2020, a total of 685 consecutive patients underwent ATAAD repair at our institution. Patients who had a preoperative stroke or were unconscious at presentation were excluded from this study. Of the 656 included for analysis, 102 (15.5%) patients had a postoperative stroke confirmed by computed tomography angiography. The strokes were classified into the ischemia group (
n
= 83, 12.7%) and hemorrhage group (
n
= 19, 2.9%). Clinical features, surgical information, postoperative complications, modified Rankin Scale (mRS) scores after discharge, and 5-year cumulative survival rates were compared.
Results
Demographics, comorbidities, and presentations of ATAAD were similar between the two groups, except a higher rate of preoperative antithrombotic medication was found in the hemorrhage group. The hemorrhage group was associated with a higher complexity of aortic arch replacement, longer cardiopulmonary bypass, and aortic clamping times than the ischemia group. A higher in-hospital mortality rate (42.1% versus 20.5%;
p
= 0.048) and a higher median mRS score at the 3-month follow-up after discharge (63–6 versus 42–6;
p
= 0.027) were found in the hemorrhage group. The hemorrhage group showed a lower 5-year cumulative survival rate (23.4% versus 57.8%;
p
= 0.003) compared with the ischemia group.
Conclusions
Postoperative hemorrhagic stroke was associated with poorer neurological outcomes and lower survival rates than those with ischemic stroke. Patients who have complex arch replacement, long cardiopulmonary bypass and aortic clamping times are at risk for postoperative hemorrhagic stroke and should have intensive neurological surveillance for early diagnosis and treatment after ATAAD repair surgery.
Alterations in membrane proteins (MPs) and their regulated pathways have been established as cancer hallmarks and extensively targeted in clinical applications. However, the analysis of ...MP-interacting proteins and downstream pathways across human malignancies remains challenging. Here, we present a systematically integrated method to generate a resource of cancer membrane protein-regulated networks (CaMPNets), containing 63,746 high-confidence protein-protein interactions (PPIs) for 1962 MPs, using expression profiles from 5922 tumors with overall survival outcomes across 15 human cancers. Comprehensive analysis of CaMPNets links MP partner communities and regulated pathways to provide MP-based gene sets for identifying prognostic biomarkers and druggable targets. For example, we identify CHRNA9 with 12 PPIs (e.g., ERBB2) can be a therapeutic target and find its anti-metastasis agent, bupropion, for treatment in nicotine-induced breast cancer. This resource is a study to systematically integrate MP interactions, genomics, and clinical outcomes for helping illuminate cancer-wide atlas and prognostic landscapes in tumor homo/heterogeneity.
Background
Treatment responsiveness to corticosteroids is excellent for cryptogenic organizing pneumonia (COP) and sarcoidosis, but suboptimal for idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF)/usual ...interstitial pneumonia (UIP). We hypothesise that the differential expression of IL-17 contributes to variable corticosteroid sensitivity in different interstitial lung diseases.
Objective
To determine the associations among expression of IL-17, glucocorticoid receptor-β and responsiveness to corticosteroid treatment in interstitial lung diseases.
Methods
Immunohistochemical (IHC) staining was performed on formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) lung tissues obtained by bronchoscopic, CT-guided or surgical biopsies, and quantified by both cell counting (% positive cells) by individuals and by software IHC Profiler plugin of ImageJ (opacity density score). We studied the effect of IL-17 on corticosteroid sensitivity in human fibroblast MRC5 cell line.
Results
Compared with specimens from patients with COP (n =13) and sarcoidosis (n =13), those from IPF patients (n = 21) had greater GR-β and IL-17 expression and neutrophil infiltration. Radiographic progression after oral corticosteroid treatment was positively correlated with the expression in IL-17 and GR-β/GR-α ratio in all patients (COP, sarcoidosis and IPF) and also within the IPF subgroup only. IL-17 expression level was positively associated with GR-β and GR-β/GR-α ratio. In MRC5 cells, exogenous IL-17 increased the production of collagen I and up-regulated GR-β expression and dexamethasone’s suppressive effect on collagen I production was impaired by IL-17, and silencing IL-17 receptor A gene attenuated the effect of IL-17.
Conclusion
Up-regulation of GR-β/GR-α ratio by IL-17 could be associated with the relative corticosteroid-insensitivity of IPF.
The benefits and risks associated with intensive low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C)-lowering statin-based therapies to lessen the risk of recurrent stroke have not been established.
To ...conduct a meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials to evaluate the association of more intensive vs less intensive LDL-C-lowering statin-based therapies with outcomes for patients with ischemic stroke.
PubMed, Embase, the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, and ClinicalTrials.gov were searched from January 1, 1970, to July 31, 2021.
This meta-analysis included randomized clinical trials that compared more intensive vs less intensive LDL-C-lowering statin-based therapies and recorded the outcome of recurrent stroke among patients with stroke.
The Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses (PRISMA) reporting guideline was used for abstracting data and assessing data quality and validity. Relative risk (RR) with 95% CI was used as a measure of the association of more intensive vs less intensive LDL-C lowering with primary and secondary outcomes.
The primary outcome was recurrent stroke, and the secondary outcomes were major cardiovascular events and hemorrhagic stroke.
The final analysis included 11 randomized clinical trials with 20 163 patients (13 518 men 67.0%; mean SD age, 64.9 3.7 years) with stroke. The mean follow-up was 4 years (range, 1-6.1 years). Pooled results showed that more intensive LDL-C-lowering statin-based therapies were associated with a reduced risk of recurrent stroke compared with less intensive LDL-C-lowering statin-based therapies (absolute risk, 8.1% vs 9.3%; RR, 0.88; 95% CI, 0.80-0.96) and that the benefit associated with these LDL-C-lowering therapies was not different among LDL-C-lowering strategies (statins vs no statins: RR, 0.90; 95% CI, 0.81-1.01; more statins or ezetimibe vs less statins or ezetimibe: RR, 0.77; 95% CI, 0.62-0.96; and proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 inhibitors plus statins vs placebo plus statins: RR, 0.90; 95% CI, 0.71-1.15; P = .42 for interaction). More intensive LDL-C-lowering statin-based therapies were associated with a reduced risk of major cardiovascular events, but with an increased risk of hemorrhagic stroke, compared with less intensive LDL-C-lowering statin-based therapies. More intensive LDL-C-lowering statin-based therapies were associated with a reduced risk of recurrent stroke in trials with all patients having evidence of atherosclerosis (RR, 0.79; 95% CI, 0.69-0.91), but not in trials with most patients not having evidence of atherosclerosis (RR, 0.95; 95% CI, 0.85-1.07; P = .04 for interaction), compared with less intensive LDL-C-lowering statin-based therapies.
This study suggests that the benefits and risks of more intensive LDL-C-lowering statin-based therapies for recurrent stroke risk reduction might be more favorable than the benefits and risks of less intensive LDL-C-lowering statin-based therapies, especially for patients with evidence of atherosclerosis.
Stimuli-responsive ion nanochannels have attracted considerable attention in various fields because of their remote controllability of ionic transportation. For photoresponsive ion nanochannels, ...however, achieving precise regulation of ion conductivity is still challenging, primarily due to the difficulty of programmable structural changes in confined environments. Moreover, the relationship between noncontact photo-stimulation in nanoscale and light-induced ion conductivity has not been well understood. In this work, a versatile design for fabricating guard cell-inspired photoswitchable ion channels is presented by infiltrating azobenzene-cross-linked polymer (AAZO-PDAC) into nanoporous anodic aluminum oxide (AAO) membranes. The azobenzene-cross-linked polymer is formed by azobenzene chromophore (AAZO)-cross-linked poly(diallyldimethylammonium chloride) (PDAC) with electrostatic interactions. Under UV irradiation, the trans-AAZO isomerizes to the cis-AAZO, causing the volume compression of the polymer network, whereas, in darkness, the cis-AAZO reverts to the trans-AAZO, leading to the recovery of the structure. Consequently, the resultant nanopore sizes can be manipulated by the photomechanical effect of the AAZO-PDAC polymers. By adding ionic liquids, the ion conductivity of the light-driven ion nanochannels can be controlled with good repeatability and fast responses (within seconds) in multiple cycles. The ion channels have promising potential in the applications of biomimetic materials, sensors, and biomedical sciences.
In this review, we describe the application of thermosensitive hydrogels composed of poloxamer in medicine, especially for oral cavities. Thermosensitive hydrogels remain fluid at room temperature; ...at body temperature, they become more viscous gels. In this manner, the gelling system can remain localized for considerable durations and control and prolong drug release. The chemical structure of the poloxamer triblock copolymer leads to an amphiphilic aqueous solution and an active surface. Moreover, the poloxamer can gel by forming micelles in an aqueous solution, depending on its critical micelle concentration and critical micelle temperature. Owing to its controlled-release effect, a thermosensitive gel based on poloxamer 407 (P407) is used to deliver drugs with different characteristics. As demonstrated in studies on poloxamer formulations, an increase in gelling viscosity decreases the drug release rate and gel dissolution time to the extent that it prolongs the drug’s duration of action in disease treatment. This property is used for drug delivery and different therapeutic applications. Its unique route of administration, for many oral diseases, is advantageous over traditional routes of administration, such as direct application and systemic treatment. In conclusion, thermosensitive gels based on poloxamers are suitable and have great potential for oral disease treatment.
Recently, aluminum ion batteries (AIBs) have attracted great attention across the globe by virtue of their massive gravimetric and volumetric capacities in addition to their high abundance. Though ...carbon derivatives are excellent cathodes for AIBs, there is much room for further development. In this study, flexuous graphite (FG) was synthesized by a simple thermal shock treatment, and for the first time, an Al/FG battery was applied as a cathode for AIBs to reveal the real-time intercalation of AlCl4 – into FG with high flexibility by using in-situ scanning electron microscope (SEM) measurements exclusively. Similarly, in-situ X-ray diffraction (XRD) and in-situ Raman techniques have been used to understand the anomalous electrochemical behavior of FG. It was found that FG adopts a unique integrated intercalation–adsorption mechanism where it follows an intercalation mechanism potential above 1.5 V and an adsorption mechanism potential below 1.5 V. This unique integrated intercalation–adsorption mechanism allows FG to exhibit superior properties, like high capacity (≥140 mAh/g), remarkable long-term stability (over 8000 cycles), excellent rate retention (93 mAh/g at 7.5 A/g), and extremely rapid charging and slow discharging.
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